英语四级历年真题
历年英语四级试题
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students opinions on whether university sports facilities should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C andD. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the Centre Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard1. A) Due to a fire alarm in their apartmentsB) Because of the smoke and heat damage.C) Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D) Because of the collapse of the three-story building.2. A) investigating the cause of the incident.B) Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C) Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D) Checking town records for the property developer.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard3. A) It plays a less important role in one’s health than nutrient intakeB) It impacts people’s health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C) It is associated with people’s mental health conditions.D) It is linked with older adults’ symptoms of depression.4. A) It was indefiniteB) It was systematic.C) It was straightforward.D) It was insignificant.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It has helped solve several murder cases.B) It has become a star police dog in Beijing.C) It has surpassed its mother in performance.D) It has done better than naturally born dogs.6. A) To speed up investigation into criminal cases.B) To test the feasibility of cloning technology.C) To cut down training expenses.D) To reduce their training time.7. A) Cloning is too complicated a process.B) The technology is yet to be accepted.C) Cloning is ethically controversial.D) The technology is too expensive. Section BDirections: In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C andD . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the Centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He read it somewhere online.B) He heard about it from a coworkerC) He read an article reviewing it.D) He watched a TV series based on it.9. A) His publicationsB) His first book.C) His address.D) His name.10. A) Collect a lot more data.B) Relax a bit less often.C) Clarify many new concepts.D) Read more reference books.11. A) Find out the show’s most interesting episodes.B) Watch the series together with the woman.C) Get an e-copy of the book to read.D) Check to see when the show starts.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard12. A) To check the prices of his farm produce.B) To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.C) To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D) To seek the mans help with her work on the farm.13. A) Bakers.B) Vendors.C) Vegetarians.D) Organizers.14. A) The issuing of certificates to vendorsB) The completion of the baking task.C) The festival they are organizing.D) The deadline for application15.A) The closing date of submission C) The details of the ceremony.B) The website of his company. D) The organizer’s address.Section CDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you heara question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the Centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Most scenic sites have been closed. C) Health experts advise going outdoors.B) Access to official campsites is limited. D) People have more time during the summer.17. A) It is strongly opposed by nearby residents. C) It has caused environmental concerns.B) It leads to much waste of public money. D) It has created conflicts among campers18. A) Look for open land in Scotland C) Avoid getting close to wilderness.B) Leave no trace of their camping D) Ask for permission from authorities.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) They outcompete mythical creatures. C) They truly exist in the Amazon regionB) They usually mind their own business. D) They resemble alarmingly large snakes.20. A) Scar tissue from dolphins fighting. C) Unhealed wounds from snake bitesB) Skin infection from water pollution. D) Swimming along in seasonal floods.21. A) It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.B) It has been placed under international protection.C) It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.D) It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.B) Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.C) A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by them.D) Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.23. A) It renders them dependent. C) It makes them mentally immature.B) It causes them to lose dignity. D) It hinders them from getting ahead24. A) It challenges ones willpower. C) It calls for due assistance.B) It results from education. D) It defines adulthood.25. A) Current lifestyles.B) Poor budgeting.C) College loans.D) Emergency expenses.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the Centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi examined the degree to which men and women relied on communicative abstraction " to verbally convey their ideas and emotions. Communicative abstraction, according to the researchers, reflects the tendency of people to use "abstract speech that focuses on the broader picture and 26 purpose of action rather than concrete speech focusing on details and the means of 27 action." Interestingly, they found that men were far more likely to speak in the abstract than were women.To arrive at this 28_, the researchers examined the linguistic （语言的) patterns of men and women in over 600, 000 blog posts written on websites. To do this, the researchers computed abstractness ratings for29 40, 000 commonly used words in the English language. Words considered to be concrete could be easily visualized, such as "table” or “chair". Words that were more _30 to visualize, for example, “ justice" or “morality" were considered to be more abstract. They found that men used 31 moreabstract languages in their blog posts.What is the_ 32_ of this effect? The researchers suggest that power differences between the genders —that is, men having more power in society—might be a key determinant (决定因素). For instance, in a follow-up study conducted with a sample of 300 students, the researchers_33 power dynamics in an interpersonal setting to see if this would influence communicative abstraction. They found that participants in a high-power interviewer role were more likely to give abstract descriptions of behaviors than were participants in a low-power interviewee role. This suggests that communicating more abstractly does not reflect a 34 tendency of men or women but rather _35 within specific contexts.Section BDirections:In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet ".How to better work towards long-term goals[A] Hal Hirschfield, a psychologist at the UCLA Anderson School of Management, wanted to know why people weren’t saving for retirement. Across the board, people are living longer. Logically, they’ll need more money to live comfortably in their post-work years. And yet, savings rates in the U. S. have gone down in recent decades, not up.[B] To help explain this seemingly irrational behavior, Hirschfield and his team scanned the brains of study participants while asking them to what degree various traits (特征)—like“honorable" or" funny"—applied to their current self, their future self, a current other, or a future other. As participants answered, Hirschfield’s team recorded which parts of their brains lit up. Unsurprisingly, people’s brains were most active when thinking about their current selves and least active when thinking about a current[C] Other. But the team found that participants brain activity while considering their future selves more closely resembled their brain activity while thinking about a current other rather than the current self.[D] Put in practical terms, when thinking of yourself in a month or a year or a decade, your brain registers that person in ways similar to how it would register Taylor Swift or the mailman. Understood in that way, saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely.[E] In light of Hirschfield’s study, one simple question arises: Is it possible to make our present selves give a damn about our future selves? The answers are anything but simple.[F] Seen through the lens of the present self-versus the future self, our self-defeating actions-like choosing to watch television rather than go to the gym-suddenly make perfect sense. We get to enjoy the very concrete, immediate benefits of our actions while someone else (namely, our future selves) suffers the hypothetical (假设的)，far-off consequences. As a result, the decisions we make for our present selves often look very different from our decisions for our future selves. We believe that tomorrow will be different. We believe that we will be different tomorrow; but in doing so, we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self.[G] Understanding our procrastination (拖延) through the lens of the present and future selves, were left with three possible solutions: The first is to force your future self to do whatever your present self doesn’t want to do. The second is to convince your present self that your future self is, in fact, still you. If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.[H] In a follow-up study, Hirschfield wanted to explore ways to bridge the disconnect between the present and future selves and encourage people to save more for retirement. He and his team took photos of study participants, and then used image processing to visually age their faces. Participants were then placed in a virtual reality setting where they could look into a mirror and see their aged selves looking back at them. Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group.[I] The third solution is to forget about your future self and use your present self’s love of instant Gratification(满足感)to your advantage. While the two tactics (手段)above can be effective in making better long-term choices, in the end, you’re still struggling against human nature. Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification. Instead of fighting your present self’s need for immediate rewards, why not use it to your advantage? When most of us set goals, we focus on long-term results we want to see-e.g., losing weight, getting a promotion, retiring in comfort, etc. While those visions of our future selves can be inspiring, when it comes to actually doing the day-to-day work, it may be more effective to reframe activities in terms of their immediate, or at least very near-term, rewards.[J] Take writing this article, for instance. It’s easy for me to imagine how amazing it will feel at the end of the workday to have this article done. This isn’t just my opinion. Research partners Kaitlin Woolley of Cornell University and Ayelet Fishbach of the University of Chicago have made a career out of studying the differences between the goals that people achieve and the ones that fall to the wayside.[K] “In one study, we asked people online about the goals they set at the beginning of the year. Most people set goals to achieve delayed, long-term benefits, such as career advancement, debt repayment, or improved health. We asked these individuals how enjoyable it was to pursue their goal, as well as how important their goal was. We also asked whether they were still working on their goals two months after setting them. We found that enjoyment predicted people’s goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be," Woolley said.[L] This pattern held true across a wide variety of goals from exercising to studying to eating healthier foods. For example, people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits. Other studies have shown a greater uptake of exercise in people who were told to think of the enjoyment of doing the exercise now rather than future health gains.[M] These findings suggest that when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits. In other words, present self-trumps (战胜) future self. Who says instant gratification has to be a bad thing? By all means, set ambitious long-term goals for your future self, but when it comes to actually following through day-to-day, make sure your present self knows what’s in it for her too.36. Our brains are genetically determined to satisfy immediate desires.37. Taken in a practical way, saving for post-work years is like giving money away to others.38. Research found that, as regards achievement of ones goals, it is important to focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefits.39. Regarding our future selves as still being ourselves will help us make better long-term decisions.40. Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decades even though peoples life expectancy has increased.41. Researchers found that enjoyment rather than importance enabled people to persist in their goals.42. When making decisions, we give priority to our current frame of mind without thinking much of the consequences.43. People ate more of a healthy food when they focused on its good taste instead of its long-term benefits.44. As was expected, when people thought of their present selves, their brains were observed to become more active.45. Researchers found that participants who saw the images of their aged selves would save more for their later years than those who didn’t.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D. Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the Centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.People often wonder why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others. Is it habits, connections, luck, work ethic or any other behavior? I believe the key to success is willpower. Willpower is the ability to control yourself. It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn; however, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise.Willpower is just like a muscle; to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it. People with a great amount of willpower have the discipline to develop positive, successful habits. Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success.Willpower and habits go hand in hand. It is critical to create good habits and take the actions necessary to stick to those habits day in and day out for greater success. Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place, you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-to-day basis.The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. Its easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is something youre passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently.The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don’t contribute to your success and adopt those that do.Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However, if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits.46. What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower?A) Keep it under control.B) Apply it continuously.C) Learn from entrepreneurs.D) Aim at success determinedly.47. How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage?A) Out of habit.B) With determination.C) Like muscle building.D) By self-discipline.48. What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically?A) Practising it on a day-to-day basis.B) Associating it with improving healthC) Possessing a reasonable amount of talent.D) Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield.49. How does the art of self-control help us succeed?A) By allowing us to remain clear-headed permanently.B) By enabling us to alter our behaviors constantly.C) By enabling us to take positive actions.D) By allowing us to avoid taking risks.50. Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control?A) Most of us are not in the habit of exercising self-controlB) We may not get immediate rewards from self-control.C) Self-control tends to be associated with pains.D) Self-control only brings about small benefits.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Today, most scientific research is funded by government grants, companies doing research and development, and non-profit foundations. As a society, we reap the rewards from this science, but we also help pay for it. You indirectly support science through taxes you pay, products and services you purchase, and donations you make.Funding for science has changed with the times. Historically, science has been largely supported through private patronage (资助), church sponsorship, or simply paying for the research yourself. Today, researchers are likely to be funded by a mix of grants from various government agencies, institutions, and foundations. Other research is funded by private companies. Such corporate sponsorship is widespread in some fields. Almost 75% of U. S. clinical trials in medicine are paid for by private companies. And, of course, some researchers today still fund small-scale studies out of their own pockets. Most of us can’t afford to do nuclear research as a private hobby, but birdwatchers, rock collectors, and others can do real research on a limited budget.In a perfect world, money wouldn’t matter—all scientific studies would be completely objective. But in the real world, funding may introduce biases. Drug research sponsored by the pharmaceutical (制药的)industry is more likely to end up favoring the drug under consideration than studies sponsored by government grants or charitable organizations. Similarly, nutrition research sponsored by the food industry is more likely favoring the food under consideration than independently funded research to end up.So what should we make of all this? Should we ignore any research funded by companies or special interest groups? Certainly not. These groups provide invaluable funding for scientific research. Furthermore, science has many safeguards in place to catch instances of bias that affect research outcomes. Ultimately, misleading results will be corrected as science proceeds; however, this process takes time. Meanwhile, it pays to examine studies funded by industry or special interest groups with extra care. Are the results consistent with other independently funded studies? What do other scientists have to say about this research? A little examination can go a long way towards identifying bias associated with the funding source.51. What does the passage mainly discuss regarding scientific research?A) Its foundationB) Its rewardsC) Its prospect.D) Its funding.52. What do we learn from the passage about researchers like birdwatchers and rock collectors?A) They have little access to government funding.B) They can do research with limited resources.C) They can do amateur work in their own fields.D) They have no means for large-scale research.53. What would scientific studies look like in a perfect world according to the author?A) They would be totally unbiased.B) They would be independently funded.C) They would be responsibly conducted.D) They would be strictly supervised.54. What does the author say about companies and special interest groups?A) They try hard to pull down the safeguards for research.B) They make extra efforts to research their own products.C) They provide valuable resources for scientific research.D) They reap the most benefits from scientific research.55. What does the author think of research funded by industry or special interest groups?A) Its recommendations should be examined for feasibility.B) Its misleading results should be corrected in time.C) Its validity should be checked with additional care.D) Its hidden biases should be identified independently.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.农历（the lunar calendar）起源于数千年前的中国，根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。
历年英语四级阅读理解真题及答案
2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（一）In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of the m—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intakeA) How we perceive the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals.B) What ingredients the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals.57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lotin the previous mealA) You would probably be more picky about food.B) You would not feel like eating the same food.C) You would have a good appetite.D) You would not feel so hungry.58. What do we learn from the 2011 studyA) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B) Food labels may influence our body’s response to food.C) Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetiteA) Trick ourselves into eating less. C) Concentrate on food while eating.B) Choose food with fewer calories. D) Pick dishes of the right size.60. What is the main idea of the passageA) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.56. A 58. B 60. BAs a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德）and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity" report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills ihat will serve for a lifetime.Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (惡化）by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预）will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.61. What kind of education does the author think is idealA) It benefits the great majority of the general population.B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.C) It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.D) It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.62. What does the author say is the problem with present high school educationA) Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college.B) Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.C) Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning.D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.63. What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passageA) People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.B) Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.C) New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.D) Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.64. What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus onA) Solid background knowledge in a particular field.B) Practical skills urgently needed in current society.C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.D) Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.65. What suggestion docs the author offer to parentsA) Rethinking the value of higher education.B) Investing wisely in their children's education.C) Helping their children lo bring their talent into full play.D) Avoiding too much intervention in t heir children’s education.答案详解61. B 62. D 63. C 64. C 65 DAccording to a report, around 30,000 pupils started secondary school last year with the math skills of a seven-year-old. MPs (国会议员) warned that many young people would need “expensive” reme dial lessons in later life to get a job —posing major problems for the economy. The findings came just months after Ofsted(教育标准办公室)claimed almost half of math lessons in English schools were not good enough. It said many teachers relied on textbooks and mundane exercises to make sure pupils passed exams at the expense of a proper understanding of the subject. MPs backed the conclusions, saying too many pupils found lessons “boring”. They insisted improvements had been made under Labor but achievement had “leveled off” in recent years.In 2008, 79 percent of pupils met the Government’s expected standard at the end of primary school, well short of the 85 percent target set for 2006. Around five percent moved to secondary school with the math skills of a seven- year-old, said the committee. In 2006, ￡ billion was spent teaching the subject. It equates to around a quarter of the ￡10 billion total budget for primary teaching and support staff.The report said the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) needed to “radically rethink its strategy for improving pupil attainment; otherwisewe seriously doubt that the department will meet its 2011 target”. The target demands that percent of pupils will make the necessary progress between 7 and 11.Last year, the DCSF published a major review of math education in England to boost standards. It called for a math specialist in every primary school within 10 years and more emphasis on mathematical “play” in nursery schools. Mr. Leigh said, “The department’s 10-year program to train 13,000 specialist math teachers will not benefit some primary schools for another decade. That’s far too long; the department needs to look for ways to accelerate the program.” Sarah McCarthy Fry, the Schools Minister, said, “We have already accepted the main recommendation from a recent independent review of primary math that every school should have a specialist math teacher and have pledged ￡24 million over the next three years for a training program for teachers.”Nick Gibb, the Tory shadow schools secretary, said, “The Government is not getting value for the money they have piled into education and the country is falling behind in international league tables as a result. The Government has failed to replace methods of teaching which have failed with tried and tested methods used in countries that have much higher levels of math achievement.”57. What do we learn from the first paragraphA) 30,000 pupils started secondary school with poor math skills.B) MPs insist more improvements should be made under Labor.C) Young people need medical lessons to get a job.D) Half of English schools were not good enough.58. According to the passage, what happened in 2006A) 21% of pupils didn’t meet the Government’s expected sta ndard.B) The target set for 2006 was 87 percent.C) ￡ billion was spent on math teaching.D) The total budget for primary teaching and support staff was ￡5 billion in 2006.59. What will people probably do to improve math education in EnglandA) Spend money on training specialist math teachers.B) Hire a math specialist for every primary school.C) Allow pupils to have more mathematical “play”.D) Spend more time on math education.60. What do Nick Gibb’s words meanA) The British government should put more money into math education.B) Britain is falling behind in the international knowledge competition.C) The British government should learn from other countries’ failures.D) The British government should change their teaching methods every few years.61. What’s the passage mainly talking aboutA) There aren’t enough math teachers in British primary schools.B) The British government didn’t spend enough money on math education.C) British pupils are not good at math.D) Math lessons in British primary schools need to be improved.Conservationists call them hot spots — habitats that cover just percent of the earth’s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguingfor their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal gro ups that live in less biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of some ecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the world’s biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing all other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by the simplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”62. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot SpotsC) Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots63. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earth’s landsurface with _____________.A) a third of all plantsB) many major animal groups living in cold spotsC) rich biological diversityD) many rare species living in cold spots64. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that ________.A) hot spots are always as important as cold spotsB) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spotsC) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spotsD) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning65. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _________.A) protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinctionB) conservation efforts should not center on hot spotsC) governments should invest most in cold spotsD) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past66. What is the writer’s attitude towards the hot-spot approachA) Critical. B) Neutral. C) Supportive. D) Doubtful.2012年6月英语四级Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won't necessarily represent. an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same.We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses, By 1932. when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929 But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn't afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone.Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households, Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities, A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family, described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job "with tireless search for work."He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do.The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale(士气). For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.Today's economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably(无法弥补地)ruined. So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.57．In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to __________.A)tear many troubled families apartB)contribute to enduring family tiesC)bring about a drop in the divorce rateD)cause a lot of conflicts in the familythe Great Depression many unhappy couples close to stick together becauseA)starting a new family would be hardB)they expected things would turn betterC)they wanted to better protect their kidsD)living separately would be too costlyaddition to job losses. What stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce？A)Mounting family debtsB)A sense of insecurityC)Difficulty in getting a loanD)Falling housing priceswill the current economic crisis eventually do to some married couples？A)It will force them to pull their efforts togetherB)It will undermine their mutual understandingC)It will help strengthen their emotional bondsD)It will irreparably damage their relationshipcan be inferred from the last paragraph？A)The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rateB)Few couples can stand the test of economic hardshipsC)A stable family is the best protection against poverty.D)Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage57. B. 58. C. 59. D. 60. C. 61. D.People are being lured (引诱)onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up toads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they're paying for Face book because people don't really know what their personal data is worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules Early on you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook you could create own little private network. Last year. The company changed its privacy rules so that many things you city. Your photo, your friends' names-were set, by default (默认)to be shared with every one on the Internet.According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don't share information They have a "less satisfying experience".Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting then At the side of the pages totally Who wants to took at ads when they're online connecting with their friends？The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites."I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning. Which is why I'm considering deactivating(撤销)my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't That's too high a price to pay.do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph？A)It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.B)It makes money by putting on advertisements.C)It profits by selling its users' personal data.D)It provides loads of information to its users.does the author say about most Facebook users？A)They are reluctant to give up their personal information.B)They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook.C)They don't identify themselves when using the website.D)They care very little about their personal information.does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage？A)To render better service to its users.B)To conform to the Federal guidelines.C)To improve its users' connectivity.D)To expand its scope of business.does Senator Charles Schumer advocate？A)Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.B)Banning the sharing of users' personal information.C)Formulating regulations for social-networking sites.D)Removing ads from all social-networking sites.does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account？A)He is dissatisfied with its current service.B)He finds many of its users untrustworthy.C)He doesn't want his personal data abused.D)He is upset by its frequent rule changes.62. D) 63. C) 64. C) 65. B) 66. C)2011年12月全国大学英语四级考试试题Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says.Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, " the study reported.57. The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ .A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boysC) encourage boys to express their emotions more freelyD) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____ .A) Perform relatively better C) behave more responsiblyB) grow up more healthily D) receive a better education59. What does Tony Little say about the British education systemA) It fails more boys than girls academically.B) It focuses more on mixed school education.C) It fails to give boys the attention they need.D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______.A) teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boysB) boys can focus on their lessons without being distractedC) boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested inD) teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' reportA) They enjoy being in charge. C) They have sharper vision.B) They conform to stereotypes. D) They are violent and sexist.57—61 CACACIt's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off and we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year - we just won't go.Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday A YouGov poll of 2, 000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession - financialpressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterized by intense verbal ( 言语上的) aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved and made men, more than women, extremely angry.Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it's for." he explains. "They'll say it's to save to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something."The biggest problem is that couples assume each other know what's going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."62. What does the author say about vacationingA) People enjoy it all the more during a recession.B) Few people can afford it without working hard.C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile.D) It is the chief cause of family disputes.63. What does the author mean by saying "money is known ... to bringa relationship to its knees"(Line 1, Para. 2)A) Money is considered to be the root of all evils.B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.D) Disputes over money may rain a relationship.64. The YouGov poll of 2, 000 people indicates that in a recession ______ .A) conflicts between couples tend to riseB) it is more expensive for couples to split upC) couples show more concern for each otherD) divorce and separation rates increase65. What does Kim Stephenson believeA) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.B) Money means a great deal to both and women.C) Men and women spend money on different things.D) Men and women view money in different ways.66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ______ .A) put their money together instead of keeping it separatelyB) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgetsC) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationshipD) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic62—66 CDADC。
历年大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及参考答案
大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a linethrough the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At the office” is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) Every day.B) Every other day.C) Every week.D) Every other week.2. A) Saturday morning.B) Saturday afternoon.C) Sunday morning.D) Sunday afternoon.3. A) The unsmiling faces.B) The sun.C) The Londoners.。
四级真题试卷历年真题及答案
2022年6月大学英语四级真题1(总分：13.97，做题时间：130分钟)写作1.rections: Suppose you are writing a proposal to your school library for improving its services. You are to write about its current problems and possible solutions to these problems. You will have 30 mimutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.__________（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Dear Sir or Madam, I hope you are doing great! I am Li Ming, one of the sophomore students in our university. Following my recent experience of using our school library, I have decided to send you some feedback. In the first place, the librarians there are not very friendly and helpful as they often fail to tell us where to find the book we want, and moreover get impatient easily. What´ s more, the books available in the library are too old to catch upwith the latest development of related disciplines. Finally, the reading rooms are not bright enough as some of the lights have gone dark. All these have brought great inconvenience to us students, which leaves me with no choice but to write you this letter.From my perspective, it would be wise for you to offer all the librarians a training course to familiarize them with the layout of the library and the classifications of the books. If possible, sincerely hope that you consider the possibility of renewing some of the books and maintaining the facilities properly. Thank you for your time and consideration. Look forward to your favorable reply.Warm regards,Li Ming)解析：翻译2.从前有个人养了一群羊。
历年英语四级真题及答案(参考)
历年英语四级真题及答案2010年6月英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 现在很多学生在英语学习中别重视拼写2. 浮现这种事情的缘故3. 为了改变这种状况，我以为…Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling___________________________________________________________ ____________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Caught in the WebA few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem. "I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart –kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla. "I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going," detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world. Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was "addicted" to the Internet. She's not alone.Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. There's still no consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible. But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use. The American PsychiatricAssociation may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web. "There's no question that there're people who're seriously in trouble because they're overdoing their Internet involvement," said psychiatrist (精神科大夫) Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true addiction. Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical. "The Internet is an environment," he said. "You can't be addicted to the environment." Bishop describes the problem as simply a matter of priorities, which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other life goals and plans in place of time spent online.The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the 2005 survey, this one was conducted by StanfordUniversity researchers.About 6% of respondents reported that "their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use." About 9% attempted to conceal "nonessential Internet use," and nearly 4% reported feeling "preoccupied by the Internet when offline."About 8% said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they "found it hard to stay away from the Internet for several days at a time.""The Internet problem is still in its infancy," said Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. "They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. [The problem is] not limited to porn (色情) or gambling" websites.Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but "in terms of losses," said Maressa Orzack, a HarvardUniversity professor. "If it's a loss [where] you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much."Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior.The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:● Having a sense of well-being (幸福) or excitement while at the computer.● Longing for more an d more time at the computer.● Neglect of family and friends.● Feeling empty, depressed or irritable when not at the computer.● Lying to employers and family about activities.● Inability to stop the activity.● Problems with school or job.Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances. People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe depressed or have other mood disorders, Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a "sense of belonging, and escape, excitement [and] fun," she said. "Some people say relief…because they find themselves so relaxed."Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a "gaming addiction."Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hoursevery other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight."There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in" with online gaming, said Heidrich, now a father of two. "People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly "to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check."Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: "I have an Internet Addiction." "I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work,to take care of my home, to give attention to my children," she wrote in a message sent to the group."I have no money or insurance to get professional help;I can't even pay my mortgage (抵押贷款) and face losing everything."Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself tocut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
专业英语四级(语法与词汇)历年真题试卷汇编24含答案和解析
专业英语四级（语法与词汇）历年真题试卷汇编24 听写讲座会话听力大题型1.You ______ Mark anything. It was none of his business.(A)A. needn’t have toldB. needn’t tellC. mustn’t have toldD. mustn’t tell解析：needn’t have done sth．表示做了本来不必要做的事情，A符合题意。
本题后半句所用的过去式表示tell的动作已经发生，B项是建议或要求，D项意为“不准告诉”，这两项的动作均未发生。
故不正确；must表推测时用于肯定句，不用于否定，故C项也不对。
2.______ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.(B)A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall解析：此句缺主语。
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语，但动名词作主语通常是泛指一般的抽象概念．而不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作。
两者用于否定时都是把not提前。
“长得不高”并不是一个具体的动作．因此动名词更为合适，因此选B。
3.\(D)A. the man who has prepared the documents...B. the man who has been preparing the documents...C. the man who is preparing the documents...D. the man who will prepare the documents...解析：现在分词作定语一般表示“主动”和“进行”。
四个选项都是主动语态；B(现在完成进行时)和C(现在进行时)是进行体，无疑正是现在分词定语的含义。
A是现在完成时，有“过去的动作但对现在有影响”之义，也是现在分词定语的含义。
大学四级英语真题3篇
大学四级英语真题【第一篇】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Learning. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 网络学习的优点2. 网络学习的挑战3. 你的看法Online Learning: Advantages and ChallengesWith the rapid development of the Internet and technology, online learning has become increasingly popular among students in recent years. It refers to the method of learning that takes place via the Internet or electronic media. This approach to education provides numerous advantages such as convenience, flexibility, and affordability.One of the most prominent advantages of online learning is its convenience. Students can access the learning materials at any time and any place as long as they have an Internet connection. Furthermore, online learning offers flexibility to learners. They can work at their own pace and tailor the course content to their individual needs. What’s more,online learning is usually more affordable than traditional classroom learning.However, online learning also has its challenges. For example, it requires a high level of self-discipline and motivation. Students have to be proactive in their learning and take responsibility for their own progress. Moreover, there is a lack of face-to-face interaction with instructors and peers, which can result in a less stimulating learning environment.In conclusion, online learning has both advantages and challenges. Whether it is a suitable method of learning depen ds on one’s individual needs and preferences. Students should carefully consider the pros and cons before deciding to pursue online learning.【第二篇】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Social Media. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 社交媒体的优点2. 社交媒体的负面影响3. 如何合理使用社交媒体The Pros and Cons of Social MediaSocial media has revolutionized how people communicate and share information. With the rise ofsocial media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, it has become easier to connect with others and express oneself online. However, social media also has its drawbacks.One of the benefits of social media is that it provides a platform for people to connect with others from all over the world. It allows people to stay in touch with friends and family who are far away and to make new connections. Moreover, social media can be a powerful tool for social and political activism as it enables people to mobilize groups of like-minded individuals and share information quickly.On the other hand, social media can also have negative effects. For example, it can lead toaddiction and social isolation as people spend more time online and less time interacting in person. Additionally, social media can become a platform for cyberbullying and misinformation, which can have serious consequences.To use social media in a healthy way, it is important to set limits on screen time and take breaks from social media regularly. It is also essential to be mindful of the impact of one’s online behavior and to use social media responsibly. Moreover, one should be aware of the potential risks and consequences of sharing personal information online.In conclusion, social media has its pros and cons.To use it in a positive way, one should be mindful of the way in which it is used and take steps to minimize negative impacts.【第三篇】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Environmental Protection. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 简述环保的重要性2. 分析环保工作存在的难题3. 提出你的建议The Importance of Environmental ProtectionEnvironmental protection has become a critical issue in today’s world due to the i ncreasing concerns over global warming, pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. Environmental protection is essential because it helps to preserve the earth’s ecosystems and promote sustainability for future generations.Despite the importance of environmental protection, there are still numerous challenges to its implementation. For example, many industriesprioritize profit over environmental concerns and engage in activities that have negative impacts on the environment. Moreover, there is a lack of awareness and education regarding environmental issues among the general public, which makes it difficult to promotesustainable behavior.To address these challenges, it is essential to increase public awareness and education regarding environmental issues. This can be done through public campaigns, school programs, and community events. Additionally, governments and businesses should prioritize the implementation of environmentally friendly policies and practices. For example, companies can invest in renewable energy sources and reduce their carbon footprint, while governments can provide incentives for businesses to adopt sustainable practices.Individuals can also play a role in environmental protection by making small but impactful changes to their behavior. For instance, people can reduce their use of plastic products, conserve water, and recycle waste. Such actions can collectively have asignificant impact on the environment.In conclusion, environmental protection iscritical to the well-being of the planet and future generations. Addressing the challenges to environmental protection requires collective efforts from governments, businesses, and individuals. By taking small but impactful steps, we can make a positive impact on the environment.。
(完整word版)专业英语四级定语从句历年真题
专业英语四级定语从句历年真题：1。
Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface。
(2003）A。
where B。
of whose C. whose D。
which(C，关系代词在从句中做定语。
“树的上面是山，它的倒影忠实地映照在河面上。
”）2。
Only take such clothes _______ really necessary. （1994)A. as wereB. as they are C。
as they were D。
as are（D，as引导定语从句，先行词是clothes,as在从句中作主语，所以BC不对，因为they是多余的；A的时态与主句不搭配。
)3。
______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. （1994)A. That B。
It C。
This D。
As（D,as作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，表达整个主句的意思.“正如一种新的观念产生时一样，人们总是做许多准备活动和积极的讨论，却拿不出具体的建议.")4。
This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work. （1996）A. whichB. whereC. whetherD. what（B，“公司现在提出了一项新政策，依照新政策,工资增长与工作业绩挂钩。
")5。
The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science and technology。
历年四级真题及答案解析
历年四级真题及答案解析大学英语四级考试（CET-4）作为中国大学生英语能力的重要评估标准，每年都吸引着无数学子的关注。
历年来，四级考试的试题形式和内容都有所变化，因此了解历年四级真题及其答案解析对考生备战考试具有重要意义。
一、听力部分听力部分是四级考试中最容易失分的一部分，因此对于历年真题及其解析的掌握显得尤为重要。
以下是一道经典的听力题目及解析：Question 1: What will the woman do this weekend?Options:A. Go to the library and study.B. Help the man with his project.C. Go shopping with her friends.Answer: A解析：听力材料中，男士正在询问女士周末的计划，女士回答道：“I'll go to the library and study.” 因此正确答案为A选项。
二、阅读部分阅读部分是四级考试中的核心部分，主要测试考生的阅读理解能力。
下面是一道典型的阅读题目及解析：Question 2: According to the passage, what is the main purpose of the government's new policy?Options:A. To reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change.B. To promote economic growth and create more jobs.C. To improve public transportation and reduce traffic congestion.Answer: B解析：文章中提到，政府的新政策旨在为经济增长创造更多就业机会。
因此正确答案为B选项。
三、写作部分写作部分是四级考试中的重点，要求考生能够熟练运用英语表达自己的观点和思路。
历年英语四级真题及答案
目录2012年6月英语四级.................................................................. - 2 - 2011年12月全国大学英语四级考试试题...............................- 54 - 2011年12月英语四级真题答案 (92)2011年12月英语四级真题答案解析 (93)2011年6月大学英语四级真题 (104)2010年12月大学英语四级真题 (141)2010年6月英语四级考试真题 (157)2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案 (173)2009年6月英语四级考试答案解析 (232)2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题 (247)2008年6月 (261)2007年12月四级考试真题 (76)2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)错误!未定义书签。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) .......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)错误!未定义书签。
Section A .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
Section B .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
Section C .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) ........................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
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2010 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions ：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled H ow Should P arents Help C hildren to B e Independent? Y ou should write atleast 150 words following the outline given below.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立 , 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on A n swer Sheet 1. F o r questions 1-7, choosethe best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A G rassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside thepub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place inthe country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. Andwhen joggers ( 慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to t he park or the river. It is my profound b elief that n ot only dowe all n e d nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so ornot.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 丧失). I spent my boyhood climbi n g trees on Streatham Common, South L ondon. These days,children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is tosay, things that can be bought, rather than things that can befound.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in anatural environment had l e s illness and g reater physical ability than children usedonly to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across theentire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy ( 等级) based on physical abilities, with thetough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now basedon imagination and creativity.Most bullying ( 恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac ( 柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouragedto explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with itsharsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged frominvolvement with natural spaces,for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they mightcause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not totheir bodies but to their s ouls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasinglyand expensively treated with drugs. Y et one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably be t er when they have access to nature.The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and ims p iv u e lbehaviour.”Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that humanbeings are granting t o t he natural world. The error here is far too d eep: not only dohumans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals ( 哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived o n the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the naturalworld and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has pa t ed a dog,stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch offlowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a r o f. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In thegarden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away fromthe routine. Sit under a tr e , l o k at water, f e l refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is incompany. Take a drink outside with a g o d p erson, a g o d g athering: talkwith the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five tr e s, five b ird songs. That way, you s e and hear more: and your mind respondsgratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, inthe hills. Take a w e kend b reak, a day-trip, get out there and d o i t: for the scenery,for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。