美国文学题库整理版

. 美国文学史及选读期末复习重点

考试题型：

1.名词解释（20分）5个*4=20分

2.选择题（20分）

3.连线题（10分）

4.判断题（10分）

5.片段赏析（20分）一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌

6.论述题（20分）一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌

The Outline of American Literature

The Realistic Period 1865-1914

Realists:Henry James and his psychological realism

William Dean Howells and his moral realism

Local Colorism/Regionalism: Mark Twain

Naturalists:Stephen Crane /Dreiser

The Modern Period 1914-1945

Modern Poetry:

Imagism:Ezra Pound

W.C.Williams

Lyrical Poet：Robert Frost

Carl Sandburg

Wallace Stevens

Modern Novelists:

Representatives of the Lost Generation:

(Jazz Age)F.Scott Fitzgerald/Ernest Hemingway/T.S.Eliot

Epitome of the Southern Renaissance:

William Faulkner

The Leftist Novelists:

John Dos Passos/John Steinbeck

The Jewish American Novelists in this period:

Eugene O·Neill

Part I Term Definition

1.American Naturalism:美国自然主义

1.Naturalism is a more deliberate kind of realism and this term describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity（客观）and detachment（冷静）to its study of human beings.

2.Naturalism is a literary movement that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character.

3.Although naturalist literature

.

described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.4.It accepted the interpretation

Dreiser is a leading Key words ：Darwin ’s Evolutionary Theory;environment and heredity; objectivity and detachment Theodore Dreiser; Sister Carrie, Stephen Crane, etc.

2. American Realism:美国现实主义

1.时间：In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. 内战将浪漫主义结束，开启现实主义。

2.It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. 反对浪漫主义和感伤主义

3.Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of the human nature and human experience.现实主义从对奇异的强调转向对平凡的忠实的渲染，一种生活的片段。它表达了对平庸和平庸的关注，它提供了一个客观的而不是理想化的人性观和人类经验。

4.A realistic writer is more objective than subjective ，more descriptive than symbolism.

5.The representative figures are Mark Twain, Henry James and Howells.

Key words ：Mark Twain, Henry James and Howells ；reality; the depressed;

3. Modernism:现代主义

1.It was a complex and diverse (复杂多样的) international movement in all the creative arts (创造性艺术), originating about the end of the 19th century.

2.It provided （出现）the greatest creative renaissance of the 20th century.

3.It was made up of many facets (方面), such as symbolism ，surrealism (超现实主义), cubism (立体主义), expressionism, futurism (未来主义), etc.

4.Modernism implies historical discontinuity ，a sense of alienation ，of loss and of despair.

4.Southern Renaissance(南方文艺复兴，必考)：

1.时间：The Southern Renaissance is the revival of American Southern literature that began in the 1920s and 1930s until the 1950s.

2.特色：Much of the writings featured the struggle between those who embraced social changes and those who were more skeptical.

3.观点：The writers attempt to come to terms not only with the inherited values of the Southern tradition ，but also with a certain way of perceiving and dealing with the past.

4.代表人物：The representative figures are William Faulkner Williams and so on.

5.Imagism:意象主义

1.时间，地点，影响：Imagism was a literary poetic movement which flourished in London between 1909 and 1917 and had an enduring and pervasive influence on English-language poetry in the twentieth century.

2.意象主义三原则：Here are three imagist poetic principles:Direct treatment of the thing whether subjective or objective ；Eliminate merely ornamental or superfluous words ；As regarding rhythm ，to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase,not in the sequence of a metronome.

3.代表人物：The imagists were led by Ezra Pound and the representative figures are wrence.Ezra Pound and so on.

6.Iceberg Principle:冰山原则

1.主要观点：Iceberg Principle is that the full meaning of the text is not limited to moving the plot forward ：there is always a web of association and inference ，a submerged reason behind the inclusion of every detail.

2.提出者：It is a writing style coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway.

3.举例：In Death in the Afternoon （午后之死），Hemingway outlined his “theory of omission ”or “iceberg principle ”.

4.海明威的观点：He believed the deeper meaning of a story should not be evident on the surface ，but should shine