雅思写作中如何对观点进行论证(二)

雅思写作中如何对观点进行论证（二）

朗阁海外考试研究中心

在上篇文章中，朗阁雅思培训中心的专家就段落展开的方法进行了讨论，本文将继续介绍一些其他的方法来帮助考生们进行段落开展。

五、说理法

说理就是摆事实、讲道理，说服读者同意作者的观点或主张。这种方法是各类考试中最常用的议论文的写作手法。说理式段落一般由主题句、说理、结尾三部分组成。主题句提出问题或摆出观点；说理部分举出具有说服力的论据或例证，从正、反两个方面加以论证，结尾部分常以更有力的语言总结主题句的主导思想，给读者加深印象。

比如雅思作文中的Some people propose that smoking should be banned. What is your opinion? 一些人认为吸烟应该被禁止，你的观点是什么？

Some people think that smoking is evil. This is probably not true. Perhaps they are prejudiced. However, I do agree with people when they say that excessive smoking is evil, because excessive smoking is not only bad for one’s health, but often results in the damage to others. However, smoking in moderation is not evil. For example, smoking is equal to taking medicine for some diseases. Furthermore, smoking brings a lot of psychological benefits .It is a stress reliever and can bring great pleasure to smokers.

六、权威人士的观点以及数据

用一些研究、调查、发现、科学家及权威人士的观点或组织机构的研究结果加以论证，并引用数据作为支撑。此论证方法的好处就是比较权威客观，更有说服力。

If people move to live in different places, they will have more opportunity for improving their lives. According to a survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 55% of urban Chinese had changed their living place at least once in their lifetime by 2000, an increase of 30 percent as compared with that of 2 decades ago. Chinese sociologists agree that this trend is most likely to continue with the development society. Statistics indicate that people who moved at least once in their lifetime enjoy a much higher living standard than those who never moved.

本段先是引用中科院的调查数据加以论证，然后用某些专家和数据继续加以论证。有一点值得注意，很多考生并不知道真实的数据，考试中往往是自己的发明创造。所以没有把握的情况下，尽量不要去写那些众所周知的人或者机构，可以模糊地用某个机构或某个学者，数据上也千万不要太夸张，只要能达到有力够论证自己的观点即可。

七、通过假设进行正反论述

Then, since the transportation system is the lifeline of a country's economic activities, its paralysis would lead to the disintegration of the economy, either industry of farming or daily life. Suppose all the means of transportation were halted for lack of oil, factories with insufficient raw materials would have to close, workers would be out of work, and ripe farm crops would have to stay in the fields at the mercy of rain and storms. People would try to store food and the price of all commodities would go up. If we take those power stations run by oil into account, situations would become even worse. In this sense, oil decides the fate of the whole economy and that of the government.

通过假设得出了一系列的可怕的后果，最后再得出结论，这样的结论是发人深省，当然也是最能引起人们广泛重视的。

八、下定义

下定义非常有助于作者理清自己的思路，也给读者一个清晰的轮廓，更有利于快速成文。下定义不止是指字典上的解释，也可以灵活运用，比如：

Cigarette ,also known as cancer stick or coffin nail in some western countries, is a major threat to people′s health.在讲到吸烟时没有使用字典上的解释而是告诉大家吸烟是主要的危害人们健康的方式之一。引起读者的共鸣。

Every year, students around the world leave behind the comforts of home to pursue a study-abroad experience in a foreign country. While many would say that studying abroad is advantageous，some would argue otherwise.

出国留学同样是一个非常熟悉的话题，若直接用字典上的定义直接去解释它显然多此一举。因此，我们不妨从侧面突破，通过引入大量学生出国留学的事实和目的来诠释这个再也不能熟悉的话题，同样可以起到很不错的效果。写作就是思维表达的一种形式。

西方人直线式的思维方式体现在语言上就是西方人说话写文章喜欢开门见山，把关键性的话放在开头，然后再论及其它次要的内容。

以上是雅思作文展开段落的方式，大家在写作的过程中还要多加积累。多读英文文章，大量积累才能在雅思写作中取得理想成绩。

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