通信工程专业英语Unit 3：Pulse Code Modulation
通信专业常用英语单词缩写及全称
ADM Add Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器:AON Active Optical Network 有源光网络:APON ATM Passive Optical Network A TM无源光网络:ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 非对称数字用户线:AA Adaptive Antenna 自适应天线:ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation 自适应脉冲编码调制: ADFE Automatic Decree Feedback Equalizer自适应判决反馈均衡器:AMI Alternate Mark Inversion 信号交替反转码:AON All Optical Net 全光网AOWC All Optical Wave Converter 全光波长转换器:ASK Amplitude Shift Keying 振幅键控:ATPC Automatic Transfer Power Control自动发信功率控制:AWF All Wave Fiber 全波光纤:AU Administrative Unit 管理单元:AUG Administrative Unit Group 管理单元组:APD Avalanche Diode 雪崩光电二极管:BA Booster(power) Amplifier 光功率放大器:BBER Background Block Error Ratio 背景误块比:BR Basic Rate Access 基本速率接入:Bluetooth 蓝牙:C Band C波带:Chirp 啁啾:C Container C 容器:CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection 载波侦听多址接入/碰撞检测协议:CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance 载波侦听多址接入/避免冲撞协议:CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio 载噪比:CP Cross polarization 交叉极化:DCF Dispersion Compensating Fiber色散补偿单模光纤DFF Dispersion-flattened Fiber色散平坦光纤:DR Diversity Receiver 分集接收DPT Dynamic Packet Transport动态包传输技术:ODM Optical Division ltiplexer 光分用器:DSF Dispersion-Shifted Fiber 色散移位光纤:DTM Dynamic Synchronous Transfer Mode 动态同步传送模式:DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用:DLC Digital loop carrier 数字环路载波:DXC Digital cross connect equipment 数字交叉连接器:EA Electricity Absorb Modulation电吸收调制器:EB Error Block 误块:ECC Embedded Control Channel 嵌入控制通路:EDFA Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铒光纤放大器EDFL Erbium-doped Fiber Laser掺铒光纤激光器:ES Errored Second 误块秒:ESR Errored Second Ratio 误块秒比:FEC Forward Error Correction 前向纠错:FWM Four-wave Mixing 四波混频:FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址:FTTB Fiber to the Building 光纤到大楼:FTTC Fiber to the Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber to the Home 光纤到户:FA Frequency agility 频率捷变:CSMF Common Single Mode Fiber 单模光纤:DSF Dispersion-Shifted Fiber 色散位移光纤:GE Gigabit Ethernet 千兆以太网技术:GIF Graded Index Fiber 渐变型多模光纤:GS-EDFA Gain Shifted Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier增益平移掺饵光纤放大器: GVD Group Velocity Dispersion 群速度色散:HPF High Pass Filter 高通滤波器:HRDS Hypothetical Reference Digital Section 假设参考数字段:IDLC Integrated DLC 综合数字环路载波:IDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Networks 数字集群调度专网:IEEE 802.3: CSMA/CD局域网，即以太网标准。
tdm-pcm 通信原理英语
tdm-pcm 通信原理英语## TDM-PCM Telecommunications Principle.Time-division multiplexing-pulse-code modulation (TDM-PCM) is a digital telecommunications technology that transmits multiple analog signals over a single transmission medium, such as a wire or fiber optic cable.It is commonly used in telephone networks to transmit voice and data signals.Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)。
TDM is a multiplexing technique that divides the transmission medium into multiple time slots. Each timeslot is assigned to a different analog signal. The signals are transmitted sequentially, one after the other, within the time slots.The time slots are synchronized using a master clock. The master clock sends out a timing signal that ensuresthat all of the devices on the network are transmitting and receiving data at the same time.Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM)。
脉冲编码调制
脉冲编码调制* 脉码调制(Pulse Code Modulation)。
是一种对模拟信号数字化的取样技术，将模拟语音信号变换为数字信号的编码方式，特别是对于音频信号。
PCM 对信号每秒钟取样8000 次；每次取样为8 个位，总共64 kbps。
取样等级的编码有二种标准。
北美洲及日本使用Mu-Law 标准，而其它大多数国家使用A-Law 标准。
* PCM主要经过3个过程：抽样、量化和编码。
抽样过程将连续时间模拟信号变为离散时间、连续幅度的抽样信号，量化过程将抽样信号变为离散时间、离散幅度的数字信号，编码过程将量化后的信号编码成为一个二进制码组输出。
相关概念：所谓抽样，就是对模拟信号进行周期性扫描，把时间上连续的信号变成时间上离散的信号。
所谓量化，就是把经过抽样得到的瞬时值将其幅度离散，即用一组规定的电平，把瞬时抽样值用最接近的电平值来表示。
所谓编码，就是用一组二进制码组来表示每一个有固定电平的量化值。
脉冲编码调制(PCM,Pulse Code Modulation)。
)Claude E. Shannon于1948年发表的“通信的数学理论”奠定了现代通信的基础。
同年贝尔实验室的工程人员开发了PCM技术，虽然在当时是革命性的，但今天脉冲编码调制被视为是一种非常单纯的无损耗编码格式，音频在固定间隔内进行采集并量化为频带值，其它采用这种编码方法的应用包括电话和CD。
PCM主要有三种方式：标准PCM、差分脉冲编码调制(DPCM)和自适应D PCM。
在标准PCM中，频带被量化为线性步长的频带，用于存储绝对量值。
在DPCM中存储的是前后电流值之差，因而存储量减少了约25%。
自适应DPCM改变了DPCM的量化步长，在给定的信造比(SNR)下可压缩更多的信息。
希望我的回答对你有用biwaywbdk2009-08-18 23:02:50FANUC数控系统的操作及有关功能(北京发那科机电有限公司王玉琪)发那科有多种数控系统，但其操作方法基本相同。
通信与信息工程专业英语教程词汇翻译 陈杰美
analog 模拟digital 数字的binary-coded number 二进制编码数electromagnetic induction 电磁感应telegraph 电报triode vacuum tube 三级真空管broadcasting 广播amplitude modulation (AM)幅度调制frequency modulation (FM)频率调制phase modulation (PM) 相位调制transistor 晶体管linear integrated circuit 线性集成电路microwave 微波satellite 卫星optical fiber 光纤shortwave 短波negative-feedback amplifier 负反馈放大器PCM（Pulse-Code Modulation）脉冲编码调制time-division multiplexing (TDM)时分多路stereo FM 立体声调频error-correction code 纠错编码adaptive equalization 自适应均衡random access memory (RAM)随机存取存储器VLSI(very large scale integration)超大规模集成FAX (facsimile) 传真cellular telephone 蜂窝电话移动电话oscilloscope 示波器spread spectrum system 扩频系统ISDN(integrated services digital network)综合业务数字网HDTV(high definition television)高清晰度电视transmitter 发射机channel 信道频道通道receiver 接收机baseband 基带bandwidth (BW)频带宽度带宽ADC(analog-digital converter)模数变换器carrier 载波载流子bandpass signal 带通信号signal sideband (SSB)单边带phase-shift keying(PSK)相移键控ITU(international telecommunications union)国际电信联盟PTN(public telecommunications network)公用电信网络LOS propagation 视线传播ionospheric reflection 电离层反射high fidelity (Hi-Fi)高保真度signal-to-noise 信噪比interference 干扰mapping 映射dimension 维数量纲frequency selectivity 频率选择性photocathode 光电阴极raster scanning 光栅扫描blanking pulse 消隐脉冲multiplexer 多路转换器encoder 编码器decoder 译码器pixel 像素vocal tract filter 声道滤波器melodic structure 韵律结构harmonic structure 谐波结构interlaced fields 交替的场horizontal retrace 水平行回程primary colors 基色interactive video 交互式视频ASCII 美国标准信息交换码DCT (discrete cosine transform)离散余弦变换JPEG (joint photographic experts group)联合图像专家组MPEG(motion photographic experts group)) 活动图像专家组synchronous transmission 同步传输asynchronous transmission 异步传输frame 帧frame-packing 成帧modeling 建模Fourier series(FS) 傅里叶级数transmission medium 传输介质coaxial cable 同轴电缆instantaneous power 瞬时功率decibel 分贝dBRF(radio frequency)射频commutator 换向器转接器ripple 波纹起伏ionosphere 电离层potential difference 电位差shot noise 散弹噪声flicker noise 闪变噪声noise figure 噪声系数mathematic model 数学模型rms value 均方根值orthogonal series 正交系数power density spectrum 功率谱密度common logarithm 以10为底的对数DC power supply 直流电源AC ripple 交流波纹AM receiver 调幅接收机thermal noise 热噪声root-mean-square(rms)alternating current (AC) 交流direct current (DC) 直流cable television (CATV)有线电视field-effect transistor (FET)场效应晶体管bipolar junction transistor(BJT)晶体三极管inductor coil 电感线圈inductor 电感器rating power 额定功率capacitor 电容器quality factor 品质因数piezoelectric crystal 压电晶体inductive reactance 感抗capacitive reactance容抗susceptance 电纳mounting capacitance 安装电容impedance 阻抗notch filter 陷波式滤波器oscillator 振荡器flywheel effect 飞轮效应feedback 反馈loop gain 环路增益voltage gain 电压增益amplifier 放大器扩音器emitter 发射机base 基极collector 集电极inductive coupling 电感耦合radio-frequency choke (RFC)射频扼流圈junction capacitance 结电容integrated-circuit (IC)集成电路buffer amplifier 缓冲放大器chip 芯片frequency synthesizer 频率合成器energy dissipation 能耗tank circuit 槽路sinusoidal signal 正弦信号crystal oscillator 晶体振荡器monolithic chip 单片VHF(very high frequency) 甚高频UHF（ultra high frequency）超高频uncertainty 不确定性误差probability 概率几率autocorrelation 自相关函数covariance 协方差strict-sense stationary process 狭义平稳过程严平稳过程wide- sense stationary process 广义平稳过程宽平稳过程second-order process 二阶平稳过程infinity 无穷大ergodic process 各态遍历过程Gaussian process 高斯过程stochastic process 随机过程random signal 随机信号deterministic signal 确定信号argument function 被积函数joint probability distribution 联合概率分布statistical parameter 统计参数mathematical expectation 数学期望Gaussian white noise 高斯白噪声ensemble average 总体平均time average 时间平均correlation function 相关函数auto covariance 自协方差the first-order moment 一阶矩sample space 样本空间random variable 随机变量unbiased estimation 无偏估计normalized 归一化linear functional 线性泛函antenna 天线nonlinear 非线性的envelope 包络AM DSBFC 全载波的双边带调幅modulator 调制器class A amplifier (A)甲类放大器transformer 变压器double sideband (DSB)双边带AM envelope调幅包络carrier signal 载波信号voice-grade 话音级modulation coefficient 调制系数lower side band (LSB)下边带lower side frequency (LSF)上边频upper side band (USB)上边带upper side frequency (USF)上边频phasor 相量vector 矢量nonlinear mixing非线性混频frequency domain 频域coupling capacitor 耦合电容final stage 末级（电路）modulating signal 调制信号modulated wave 已调波emitter modulator 发射机调制器DSB AM 双边带幅度调制transistorized transmission 晶体管化发射机unitless 无量纲的lo-level modulator 低电平调制器modulation 调制过程modulator 实现调制的电路modulating signal 调制信号demodulation 在接收端从已调波中恢复调制信号的过程demodulator 解调器duplicate 复制品，副本inversion 倒置elimination 消除canonical 规范的quadrature 正交discrimination 辨别，区别，识别力nonoverlapping 不相重叠的resonator 谐振器，振荡器simultaneous 同时的，同时发生的subsequent 后来的，并发的reinforcement 增援，加强，加固junction 连接，交叉点prescribe 指示，规定cutoff 截止，切掉coherent 相干的，一致的locally 在本地undergo 经历，遭受，忍受difference 差分，差别angle modulation 角度调制complex envelop 复包络proportional 比例量，成比例的intergral 积分，综合deviation constant 偏移常数subscript 下标的integrator 积分器，综合者cascade 串联，级联instantaneous 瞬间的，即刻的frequency deviation 频率偏移nonnegative 非负的正的peak-to-peak deviation 峰峰偏移phase modulation index 调相指数frequency modulation index 调频指数sinusoida 正弦的superposition 重叠，叠加原理approximation 接近，近似值sideband 边带multiplier 乘数，乘法器narrowband frequency modulation(NBFM)窄带频率调制wideband frequency modulation(WBFM)宽带频率调制frequency multiplication 倍频limiter 限幅器voltage-controlled-oscillator( V OC)压控振荡器incorporate合并混合PLL(phase locked loop) 锁相环frequency divider 分频器tolerance 耐性容限power spectral density（PSD）功率谱密度probability density function(PDF)概率密度函数intuitive直觉的viewpoint 观点emphasis加重preemphasis 预加重deemphasis去加重boost升压，attenuate 减弱信号，衰减longitudinalpotential位差，势差balun 巴伦，平衡—不平衡变压器electrostatic shield 静电屏蔽ribbon cable 带状传输线coaxial cable 同轴电缆open-wire 明线insulated 绝缘的，隔热的sheath 阳极，屏极stray capacitance 寄生电容杂散电容spacer 逆电流器dielectric 电介质绝缘体susceptible 易受影响的pick-up 获得polyethylene聚乙烯permittivity 介电常数reflectometry反射计impairment 损害，损伤echo 回声，回波prependicular 垂直的transponder 微型转发器vacuum 真空encounter 遭遇遇到infrared 红外线ultraviolet 紫外线refraction 折射diffract 衍射interference 干涉collide 碰撞penetrate 穿透渗透curve 曲线弯曲diffuse 漫射散开redistribution 重新分配opaque 不透明物phenomenon 现象wavelet小波finite 有限的simultaneously同时的polarization偏振极化negligible可以忽略的conductivity 传导性传导率induce感应navigation导航curvature曲率troposphere对流层ionize电离molecule 分子exert 施加vibrate 震动equivalent相当的ionization离子化nonuniform不均匀的stratified分层的parabolic抛物线的focal焦点resonance谐振共振dipole双极子偶极子mast天线竿triode 三极真空管klystron调速管magnetron磁控管radiotelephone 无线电话elliptically椭圆形的feedpoint馈点isotropic等方性的reciproal互易的beamwidth波束宽度omnidirectional全方向的parasitic寄生的concave凹的inphase同相的reradiated在辐射convergent汇聚性的convex凸的broadside侧面的crisscross十字形交叉power splitter 功率分配器dielectric电介质绝缘体boundary边界photophone光电话impurity杂质混杂物megabit百万兆位dispersion色散pulsing脉冲调制repester转发器regenerator再生器photodetector光电探测器threshold阀值，门限timing时序thermoelectric电热的splic接合cooler冷却器packaging封装adapter适配器jumper跳线overload超过负荷multiplexer多路复用器demultiplexer多路信号分离器doped 掺杂质的very large integration(VLSI)超大规模集成电路digital signal processing(DSP)数字信号处理noise immunity抗干扰度encryption加密programmable可编程的multipath and fading多径衰减power efficiency功率效率bandwidth efficiency带宽效率fidelity保真度pulse-width 脉冲宽度throughput吞吐量non-fading channel无衰落信道multimum-shift-keyed(MSK)最小位移键控on-off keying(OOK)开关键控unipolar 单极性的binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)二进制相移键控mark frequency传号频率space frequency空号频率premodulation预调制cosine-rolloff filter余弦滚降滤波器pilot carrier导频载波digital modulation index数字调制指数null-to-null bandwidth零点-零点带宽coherent相干检波ambiguity含糊differential差分编码integrate-and-dump matched filter积分清楚匹配滤波器digital-to-analog converter(DAC) 数模转换器offset 偏移量wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM)波分复用dense-WDM密集波分复用end-fire-array 端射阵phased array 相控阵inpedence matcher 阻抗匹配器erbium-doped fiber amplifiers 掺铒光纤放大器binary-coded 二进制编码的mainframe 主机，大型机interconnect 使互相连接information highway 信息高速公路indefinitely 不确定的facility 容易，便利，设备，工具secondary 次要的，二级的，第二的peripheral 外围的，外围设备data terminal equipment(DTE) 数据终端设备data conmunications equipment(DCE)数据通信设备vice versa 反之亦然serial 串行的parallel 并行的host主机topology 拓扑，布局，mesh 网孔，网套，陷阱citizens band 居民频带syntax 语法，句子结构interrogation 审问，问号American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) 美国信息交换标准码Extended Binary-Code Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) 扩充的二-十进制交换码teletype code 电传打字机电码least significant bit(LSB) 最低有效位most significant bit(MSB) 最高有效位partity 同等，平等，奇偶校验error control 差错控制error detection 检错error correction 纠错echoplex 回送checksum 校验和cyclic redundancy checking(CRC) 循环冗余检查backspace 退后一格，退格erroneous 错误的，不正确的circuitry 电线，线路hex 十六进制polynomial 多项式的symbol substitution 符号替换selective retransmission 选择性重传forward error correction 前向纠错ingtegrity 正直，诚实，完整性turnaround 回车场，转变，转向prior 在先，居先Hamming code 汉明码electronic mail 电子邮件handset 电话听筒，手机，手持机cellular phone 便携式电话，移动电话set-top TV box 电视机顶盒telephony 电话学，电话技术conversation 会话，交谈circuit switching 电路交换mechanical 机械的，呆板的bit stream 位流，比特流interface 分界面，界面，接口instruction 指令common channel signaling 公共信道信令trunk 干线中继线路subscriber telephone 电话用户digital carrier system 数字载波系统accommodate 供应，调节，调和deviate 异化，越轨，偏离nominal 名义上得Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN)综合业务数字网bidirectional 双向的full-duplex 全双工的facsimile 摹写，传真remote monitoring 远程监控videotext 可视图文videophone 可视电话attenuation 变薄，变细，衰减Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL)非对称用户数字线protocol 草案，协议character at a time 每次传送一个字符cross-talk 他处传来的干扰，串话severe 严厉的，剧烈的，严重的modem 调制解调器synchronous transmission 同步传输SDLC(Synchronous Data Link Control)同步数据链路控制HDLC(High-Level Data Link Control)高级数据链路控制LAPB 平衡型链路访问规程packet 包装，信息包preamble 前言，序，前导信号self-synchronizing code 自同步码store-and-forward packet-switching存储转发分组交换point-to-point 点对点intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的statistical multiplexing 统计复用Ethernet 以太网Chip 碎片，芯片，筹码LAN(Local Area Network) 局域网，本地网WAN(Wide Area Network) 广域网Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM)异步传输模式cell 蜂窝，信源VCI 虚通路标识optical fiber 光纤cable television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television(CATV)有线电视，公用天线电视obstruction 阻塞，妨碍，障碍物feeder 馈电线，电源线，连接线unidirectional 单向的，单向性的hybrid fiber/coaxial(HFC) 光缆与同轴电缆混合网fiber-to-the-curb(FTTC) 光纤到路边cable modem 电缆调制解调器nonadjacent 不临近的，不毗连的turn over 翻身，折腾，反复考虑Peer-to-Peer 对等网络wireline 有线线路toehold 排除障碍的方法notebook 笔记薄，笔记本palm-sized computer 掌上电脑backbone 脊椎，中枢，支柱，勇气terabit兆兆位Web 环球网bandwidth 带宽channel 信道，频道delay 延迟，时延hierarchy 层次结构pitch 音调substantially 充分的voiced 有声的，浊音的quasi-stationary 拟稳态的formant 共振峰，构形成分resonance 共鸣，回声，反响，谐振vocal track 声带vocoder 声码器VF(V oice Frequency) 话音频率adaptive subband coding 自适应自带编码vector quantization 矢量量化code excited linear prediction 码激励线性预测vector-sum excited linear prediction矢量和激励线性预测analysis-by-synthesis technique 分析合成技术codebook 码本best match 最佳匹配codec 多媒体数字信号编解码器probability distribution 概率分布autocorrelation 自相关successive 继承的，连续的unvoiced清音的quasiperiodicity 准周期性bandlimited 带限的time-discietized 时间离散化reconstruct 重建，改造，推想monotonically decreasing function 单调递减函数exponential 指数的，幂数的Gaussian distribution 高斯分布，正态分布variance 方差manifestation 显示，表现，示威运动coding gain 编码增益spectral flatness measure(SFM)谱平坦性测度geometric mean 几何平均redundancy冗余cordless 不用电线的，无绳preferentially 优待的perception 理解，感知，感觉harmonic 谐和的，和声的，谐波，谐函数sub-band coding(SBC) 子带编码block transform coding 块变换编码bandpass 带通band-splitting 子带分解articulation index 传声准率portion 一部分，一分in tune 和调子convolution 卷积，卷积积分multiplex 多路传输，多路复用alias 混淆，折叠quadrature mirror filters(QMF) 正交镜像滤波器latecy 等待时间，延迟cellular telephone system 蜂窝(移动)电话系统performance 性能，能力signal-to-noise radio 信噪比mean square error(MSE) 均方误差weighted 加权的diagnostic rhyme test(DRT) 押韵诊断测试diagnostic acceptability measure(DAM)接受能力诊断测试mean opinion score(MOS)平均主观评分inherently 天地性，固有性spectrum 频谱utilization 利用intrastate 周内的haul 托运距离noncoherent 非相干的simultaneously 同时的deviator 偏差器，致偏器scheme 安排，配置，计划，方案uniform 统一的，相同的，一致的，均衡的eventually 最后，终于mixer 混频器heterodyning 外差法，外差作用demodulator 解调器convey 搬运传达destination 目的地phenomenal 显著的telemetry 遥感勘测，自动测量记录传导diminishing 逐渐缩小的accommodate 供给，容纳investigate 调查，研究avenue 方法途径prohibitive 禁止的，抑制的adequate 适当的，足够的quantize 使量子化，量化discrete 不连续的，离散的aptly 适当的，适宜的lean 倾向，偏向designator 指示者，指定者so-called 所谓的，号称的astronomical 天文学的，天文celestial body 天体payload 有效载荷military 军事的，军用的subscriber 订户，签署者geostationary 与地球的相对位置之不变的aeronautical 航空学的roughly 概略的obstacle 障碍，障碍物govern 统治，支配constituent 要素hub 网络集线器，网络中心margin 极限，富余architecture 体系结构platform 平台cruise 巡航gateway 网关altenatively 作为选择，二者选一overlap 与..交叠implement 实现，执行hybrid 混合的latitude 纬度，地区guarantee 保证，担保nowadays 现今，现在sophisticated 高度发展的，精密复杂的coordinate 协调，调整，整理equatorial 近赤道的，赤道的distributed 分布式的stationary 固定的deploy 配置isotropic各向同性的specialise 专门研究，深入miche 放在适当的位置marketability 可销售性crosspolarization 交叉极化furthermore 此外，而且critical 紧要的，关键性的，临界的majority 多数，大半degrading 丧失体面的，可耻的，不名誉的coding 编码intermediate 中间的alongside 并排地regulate 管制，控制budget 预算degrade 降低，降级，退化compensate 补偿，付报酬subdivide 再分，细分feasible 切实可行的burst 突发，脉冲periodic 周期的，定期的synchronize 同步recovery 恢复expansion 扩充，扩展vital 至关重要的，必须得preassign 预先指定，预先分配reservation 预定，预约dynamic 动态的eliminate 消除，去除uncoordinated 不协调的collision 碰撞，冲突implementation 执行，实现retransmission 重发，转播optimal 最佳的，最理想的corresponding 相应的yielding 出产，生长，生产incremental 增加的magnitude 大小，数量，模algorithm 算法encoding 编码concatenation 串联，连锁node 节点tolerant 容许的literally 逐字的antijam 抗干扰contiguous 临近的，邻接的authentication 证明，鉴定adequately 充分的eavesdropper 偷听者pseudorandom 伪随机的simultaneously 同时的excel优秀penalty 损失unpredictable 不可预知的correlation 相互关系，相关性clutter混乱mobile telephone service 移动电话业务monster 怪物，妖怪，巨人methodology 一套方法provoke 激怒，挑拨，煽动，驱使regardless 不管，不顾terminology 术语学transceiver 无线电收发机，收发器pedestrian 步行者，徒步的，通俗的base station 基站scramble 扰频municipal 市政的，地方自治的trunking 中继census 人口普查hexagonal 六角形，六边形的honeycomb 蜂巢，蜂窝in accordance with 与..一致，依照macrocell 宏单元，宏小区radius 半径，范围，界限microcell 微小区virtue 德行，美德，贞操，优点，功效，效力mild 温和的，温柔的，适度的overlay 覆盖，microcellular 微小区intriguing 迷人的，有迷惑力的infrastructure 下部结构，基础组织splitting 分裂，裂解sector 使分成部分，扇形扫描overhead 在头上的，高架的handoff 手递手传递，移交metropolitan 首都的，大城市United States Digital Cellular(USDC)美国数字蜂窝系统compatible 谐调的，一致的，兼容的reuse 再使用time-division multiple accessing(TDMA)时分多址time slot 时间空档，时隙geographical 地理学得，地理的interleaving 交叉，交错threeflod 三倍encrypt 加密decrypt 解释明白，解密safeguard 维护，捍卫，eavesdropping 偷听channelization通信波道的选择coed-division multiple accession(CDMA) 码分多址Pilot 飞行员differentiate 区分，区别，微分spread-spectrum 扩频coherent 黏在一起的，相干的graceful 优美的，雅致的，适度的real time 实时asynchronous 不同时的，异步的重点词汇。
通信原理信噪比与有效率
通信原理信噪比与有效率
1.信噪比SNR（siginal-noseratio）：指一个电子设备或者电子系统中信号与噪声的比例。
2.脉冲编码调制(PulseCodeModulation）、脉冲位置调制（pulse position modulation）。
3.通信系统组成的五部分：信源、发送器、信道、接收器、信宿。
4.我们可以将通信系统粗略地分为三大类：离散系统，连续系统，混合系统。
离散系统是指其中的消息和信号都是离散符号序列。
电报是这种系统的一个典型例子，其中的消息是一个字符序列，信号是一个由点、划和空组成的序列。
连续系统是指其中的消息和信号都可以看作连续函数，比如，无线广播或电视。
混合系统是指离散变量与连续变量都可能出现的系统，比如语音的PCM传送。
5.分组交换PS（packetswitching）：在通信过程中，通信双方以分组为单位、使用存储-转发机制实现数据交互的通信方式。
分组交换也称为包交换，它将用户通信的数据划分成多个更小的等长数据段，在每个数据段的前面加上必要的控制信息作为数据段的首部，每个带有首部的数据段就构成了一个分组。
首部指明了该分组发送的地址，当交换机收到分组之后，将根据首部中的地址信息将分组转发到目的地，这个过程就是分组交换。
能够进行分组交换的通信网被称为分组交换网。
分组交换的本质就是存储转发，它将所接受的分组暂时存储下来，在目的方向路由上排队，当它可以发送信息时，再将信息
发送到相应的路由上，完成转发。
分组交换比报文交换快，报文交换主要应用于公用电报网中。
通信专业英语 1~7单元词汇表(按章节排序)
Unit1 Random ProcessesNEW WORDS1. outcome n.结果,结局2. statistics n.统计；统计数字(信息) statistic adj.统计上的；n.统计量statistical adj.统计的,统计学的3. toss v.投,掷4. die n.骰子(pl. dice)dice [dais] n.骰子；vi.掷骰子5. intuitive adj.直觉的;直观的intuitively adv. 直觉地;直观地6. analogously adv.类似地,类比地7. conceptually adv.概念地8. simultaneous adj.同时的,同时发生的9. collection n.集合,集10. identical adj.同一的,同样的11. individual adj.个别的,单独的12. ensemble n.集,总体ensemble average 集平均13. variable n.变量;变元random variable 随机变量14. stationary adj.平稳的15. ergodic adj.各态历经的,遍历的ergodic process 各态历经过程，遍历过程16. deterministic adj.确定性的17. normalize vt.使标准化,使规格化normalized adj.规格化的，归一化的18. expectation n.期望(值)19. product n.乘积20. truncate vt.截短；截断21. periodic adj.周期的22. covariance n.协方差23. uncorrelated adj.不相关的24. uniform adj.均匀的，一致的25. overlap v.(部分)重叠26. separation n.间隔，距离27. spacing n.间隔，间距PHRASES1. random process 随机过程2. on the average 平均; 一般地说3. make measurement 量度4. sample function 样本函数5. statistical average 统计平均(值)6. probability density function 概率密度函数7. statistical characteristic 统计特性8. autocorrelation function 自相关函数9. in connection with 关于……10. physical significance 物理意义11. Fourier transform 傅里叶变换12. power spectral density 功率谱密度13. be at liberty to(do) 被允许; 可随意14. gaussian process 高斯过程15. physical fact 外界存在的事实16. upper-frequency limit 频率上限17. fall off 下降, 减少18. in the limit 在极限情况下19. delta function δ函数，狄垃克函数20. random pulse 随机（杂乱）脉冲21. time invariant 时不变的22. Parseval’s theorem 巴塞瓦尔定理23. statistically independent 统计独立24. successive pulse 连续脉冲25. be representative of 表示，代表Unit 2 Channel CapacityNEW WORDS1. abstraction n.抽象；抽象观念2. encompass vt 包括，包含3. devise vt.设计, 发明4. whereby adv. 凭那个；由此5. arbitrarily adv. 任意地6. theorem n.. 定理7. infrequent adj. 罕见的8. override vt. 压倒, 制服，凌驾9. thereby adv. 由此,因此,从而10. gaussian adj. 高斯的11. unity n. 一，单一12. complementary adj. 补充的；13. derivation n. 推导, 导出，14. formidable adj. 困难的、可怕的15. undertake vt. 进行, 从事16. presumed adj. 假定的, 推测的presumably adv. 推测起来,大概,估计17. likelihood n. 可能, 可能性likely adj. 可能，可能的18. interval n. 间隔，时间间隔19. rounding n. 四舍五入20. abrupt adj. 不连续的陡的21. reliably adv.可靠地确实地22. heuristic adj. 启发式的, 渐进的23. intuitive adj. 直觉的; 直观的intuitively adv.直觉地, 直观地24. contemplate vt. 预期(料)25. vice versa adv. 反之亦然26. quantize vt. 量化27. reception n. 接收28. extreme adj. 极端的，偏激的29. attenuate vt. 衰减，使衰减30. distort vt. 失真，使失真distortion n. 失真,畸变31. equalizer n. 均衡器32. recoverable adj. 可恢复的PHRASES1. enter into 参加，成为……一部分，涉及2. due to 由于; 起因于; 归功于3. be something of 有一点4. in principle原则上, 大致上on principle 原则（或道德标准）5. provided that 如, 设若6. probability of error误差概率(or：error probability)7. be close to 接近, 靠近8. bandlimited gaussian channel限带高斯信道9. physical system 物理系统,实际系统10. turn out 结果是（常与to, that连用）11. lower bound 下界, 下限12. upper limit 上限13. root-mean-square 均方根，均方根值；root-mean-square error 均方根误差14 . amount of information 信息量15. ideal lowpass filter理想低通滤波器16. rise time 上升时间17. as a matter of convenience为方便起见18.white Gaussian noise 高斯白噪声19. on the other hand另一方面20. trade off 交替换位，折衷选择21. signal-to-noise ratio信号噪声比，信噪比（SNR，S/N）22. be free to 随意,任意,不受拘束23. make up for 补偿Unit 3 Pulse Code Modulation Fundamentals NEW WORDS1.analog(=analogue) n.模拟2. quantization n.量化3. volt n.伏特4. discrete adj.离散的，不连续的5. quantum n.量，量子,量子论6. unipolar adj.单极的,单极性的7. polar adj.极性的,有两种相反性质的8. on-off adj.开关的,通-断的9. encoding n.编码10. encoder n.编码器11. decoder n.解码器12. likewise adv.同样地,照样地,又,也13. amplitude n.振幅14. margin n.余量,容限15. trinary adj.三倍的,三重的16. immune adj.免疫的17. hereafter adv.今后,从此以后18. unavoidable adj.不能避免的19. reconstructed adj.重建的,改造的20. evaluation n.计算,计值21. span vt.横跨,跨越22. interval n.间隔,距离23. companding n.压缩扩展，压扩24. compandor n.压扩器,压缩扩展器25. uniformly adv.均匀地26. compress vt.压缩27. compressor n.压缩器compression ratio n.压缩比28. quantizer n.量化器uniform quantizer 均匀量化器29. equivalent adj.相等的,相当的30. serially adv.连续地,串行地31. reshape vt.再成形,改造32. distortion n.失真,变形33. interconnect vt.使互相连接34. filter vt.滤波35. entropy n.熵，平均信息量36. transition n.转变,转换PHRASES1.PCM：pulse code modulation 脉(冲编)码调制2.PAM：pulse amplitude modulation脉(冲振)幅调制3.PDM:pulse duration modulation 脉宽调制4.PPM:pulse phase modulation 相位调制5. pulse train 脉冲序列6. amount to 等于, 实际上是，总计7. round off 舍入，用四舍五入化为整数8. step size 步长quantum step size 量化步长，量化级大小9. positive pulse 正脉冲10. refer to as vt. 称作11. quantization error 量化误差12. peak magnitude 峰值, 最高值13. overall performance 总性能14. crest factor 振幅（波峰）因数15. rms: root-mean-square 均方根(值)16.DPCM：differential pulse code modulation 差分脉冲编码调制ADPCM：adaptive DPCM自适应差分脉冲编码调制17. predictive coding 预测编码18. correspond to 相应, 符合19. in practice 在实践中, 实际上20. in an attempt to 力图, 试图Unit 4 Fundamentals of Channel Coding NEW WORDS1. selectively adv.善于挑选地，仔细挑选2. formula n.公式pl .formulas, formulae3. sacrifice v.牺牲4. redundant adj.冗余的，多余的5. demonstrate vt.证明，论证6. orthogonal adj.正交的，直角的7. arbitrarily adv.任意地8. raw adj.未加工的raw data 原始数据9. denote vt.指示，表示10. retransmission n.转发，转播，中继11. sophisticated adj.复杂的12. impractical adj.不切实际的,不能实行的13. parity n.奇偶校验14. encoder n.编码器15. codeword n.码字16. modulo prep.以…为模modulo-2 adder 模2加法器17. alphabet n.字符表，字母表18. linearity n.线性19. systematic adj.系统的，体系的systematic code 系统码20. cyclic n.循环的，周期的cyclic code 循环码cyclic shift 循环移位21. subset n.子集22. convolutional adj.卷积的convolutional code 卷积码23. algebraic adj.代数的；代数学的algebraic function 代数函数24. stage n.级25. outline n.提纲；要点；概要26. fundamentally adv.基础地，根本地27. polynomial n.多项式generator polynomial 生成多项式28. adder n.加法器29. vector n.矢量，向量vector array 向量数组(矩阵)30. identical adj.一致的，相同的31. reveal vt.揭示，显示，展现32. trellis n.格子，格子结构trellis diagram 网格图33. emanate vi.散发，发出，发源emanate from 发出，发源PHRASES1. error detection code 检错码2. error correction code 纠错码,差错检验码3. AWGN: additive white Gaussian noise 加性高斯白噪声4.channe capacity 信道容量5. transmission bandwidth 传输带宽6. signal power 信号功率7. single-sided noise power density 边噪声功率密度8. bandwidth efficiency 带宽效率9.SNR:signal-to-noiseratio(or:s/N)信噪比,信号噪声比10. BER: Bit Error Ratio误码率, 误比特率11. in the limit 在极限情况下12. block code 分组码, 块码13. FEC：forward error correction前向纠错14. code rate 编码率15. code distance 码距16. code weight 码权, 码重17. Hamming distance汉明距离，汉明间距18. coding gain 编码增益19. shift register 移位寄存器20. constraint length 制约长度21. generator matrix生成矩阵22. logic table 逻辑表23. state diagram 状态图24. tree diagram 树形图BackUnit 5 ModulationNEW WORDS1. categorize v.加以类别,分类2. broadly adv.概括地,大致地3. amplitude n.幅度，幅值，振幅4. cosine n.余弦5. argument n.自变量，变元6. markedly adv.显著地，明显地7. characteristic n.特征，特性8. prescribe v.指定，规定9. quantize v.量化10. parameter n.参数,参量11. digitize vt.将…数字化12. proportional adj.比例的，成比例的proportional to 与…成比例，成正比13. disperse v.分散，散开，扩展14. vestigial adj.残留的,剩余的vestigial-sideband 残留边带15. integral n.积分；adj.积分的16. collectively adv.共同地，全体地17. representative adj.典型的,有代表性的18. simplification n.简化19. appreciable adj.可观的，可评估的20. impress v.施加，外加21. line-of-sight n.视线22. antenna n.天线23. compact adj.简洁的，简明的24. treatment n.论述，分析25. fractional adj.部分的26. designation n.指定,指示27. complication n.复杂化28. likewise adv.同样地,照样地29. brute adj.强制的，粗暴的30. overwhelm vt.淹没；覆盖31. contamination n.污染，杂质，污染物32. transatlantic n.横渡大西洋的33. rupture n.破裂，绝缘击穿34. tradeoff n.折衷,权衡35. tune vt.调谐36. jumble n.混杂37. simultaneous adj.同时的；同步的38. bank n.组39. nonoverlapping adj.不相重叠的40. gap n.间隙,间隔41. telemetry n.遥测，遥感勘测42. stereophonic n.立体声的PHRASES1. carrier wave 载波2. more or less 差不多，或多或少3. continuous wave (cw) 连续波4. pulse duration 脉冲宽度，脉冲持续时间5. modulated signal 已调信号modulating signal 调制信号6. pulse train 脉冲序列，脉冲群7. round off 舍入，四舍五入8. discrete level 离散电平9.amount to 等于，实际上是10. spectral components 频（光）谱分量11. in relation to 关于, 涉及, 与……相比12. take on 具有，呈现13. DM：delta modulationδ调制，增量调制14. ADM：adaptive delta modulation 自适应增量调制15. DPCM：differential pulse code modulation 差分脉冲编码调制16. ASK：amplitude-shift keying振幅键控17. FSK：frequency-shift keyin移频键控18. PSK：phase-shift keying 移相键控19. DPSK：Differential PSK 差分相位键控20. suit to 适于，适合于21. electromagnetic wave电磁波22. electromagnetic radiatio电磁辐射23. account for 说明, 占, 解决, 得分24. in an effort to 企图，努力想25. Hartley-Shannon law哈特莱－仙农定律26. FDM：frequency-division multiplexi频分(多路)复用27. TDM：time-division multiplexing 时分(多路)复用28. time slot 时隙29. coaxial cable同轴电缆Unit 6 Speech CodingNEW WORDS1. vocoder n.声码器2. compression n.压缩3. materialize vt. 实现, (使具体化4. resurface vi.重新出现，重新浮现5. ever-growing adj. 日益增长的6. traffic n. 业务,话务7. excessively adv.过分地, 非常地8. distinct adj.（常与from 连用）不同的9. incidental adj.非主要的, 偶然的10. disregard vt 忽视；忽略11. taxonomy n. 分类(法), 分类法12.quantize vt. 量化quantizer 量化器quantization n. 量化13. teleconferencing n. 电话会议14. audible adj.听得见的inaudible adj.听不见的, 不可闻的15. impairment n.损害, 损伤16. intelligibility n.可懂度, 清晰度speech intelligibility 语音可懂度intelligible adj.清晰的17. recognition 识别18. likeness n.相象, 相似物19. acoustic adj. 声学的, 有关声音的20.waveform n.波形21. pitch n.基音22. formant n.振峰23. resonant adj. 共振的; 能共鸣的resonant frequency共振频率24. granular adj. 颗粒的，似颗粒的granular noise 颗粒噪声25. residual adj.残留的; 剩余的residual signal 残留(剩余)信号26. jointly adv. 共同地, 联合地27. attribute n.属性, 品质, 特征28. reliance n.信任(赖);依靠(in, upon)29. naturalness n.逼真度30. parametric adj. 参数的, 参量的31. filterbank n. 滤波器组32. perceive vt.察觉, 感觉出33. degradation n.退化, 降级34. fade n. 衰落, 衰减35. round-trip adj.来回的36.render vt.致使37. erasur n.擦除，消音，清除, 清零38. concealment n.隐藏, 隐蔽39. interpolate v.插值PHRASES1. speech coding 语音编码2. copper wire 铜线3. be essential for 对……必不可少的4. background noise 背景噪声5. along with 连同……一起, 随同……一起7.ADPCM: adaptive differential PCM 自适应差分脉码调制8. IIR:infinite impulse response无限脉冲响应9. difference signal 差信号10. linear prediction 线性预测11. short-term prediction 短期预测12. long-term prediction 长期预测13. speech spectrum 语音频谱14. mse : mean-square error 均方误差15. parametric coder 数编码器16. subjective testing 主观测试(法)17. period of time 时段, 一段时间18. echo cancellation 回波消除19. two-way communication双向通信20. as yet 迄今，到目前为止21. in terms of 根据, 按照22. speech enhancement 语音增强Unit7 Digital Image ProcessingNEW WORDS1. dimensional adj. ……维的,维量(数)的2. spatial adj.空间的3. coordinate n.坐标(用复数)4. intensity n.强度,亮度5. pel n. 像素(picture element缩写)6. pixel n. 像素(=picture element)7. vision n.视觉,视力computer vision 计算机视觉8. perception n.感知,感觉9. gamma n.伽马（γ）射线10. ultrasound n.超声波11. encompass vt.包括,包含12. discipline n.学科,科目13. artificial adj.人造的artificial intelligence (Al) 人工智能artificial boundary 人工边界,人为边界14. trivial adj.通常的，平凡的15. emulate vt.模拟(模仿)16. objective n.目标,目的17. infancy n.开始,初期18. anticipate vt.预期;期待19. clear-cut adj.明确的,清晰的20. continuum n.连续统一体,连续性21. paradigm n.范例,样式22. computerized adj.计算机化的23. contrast n.对比度24. enhancement n.增强,加强contrast enhancement 对比度增强25. segmentation n.分割26. partition vt.分割;n.分割,划分27. attribute n.属性,特征28. contour n.轮廓29. identity n.标识，识别30. ensemble n.整体;总效果31. cognitive adj.认知的,有感知的32.overlap n.重叠33. acquisition n.采集,收集,获得image acquisition 图像获取,图像采集34.scale vt.改变比例35. obscure vt.使暗,使不明显36. highlight vt. 使…突出,使显著,强调37. resolution n.分辩, 分辩率38. probabilistic adj.概率的、随机的probabilistic model 概率模型39. degradation n.退化image degradation图像退化,图像质量下降40. preference n.偏爱,优先选择41. wavelet n.小波,子波42. pyramidal adj.金字塔形的,锥体的43. pictorial adj. 图示的44. inadvertently dv.不注意地45. extension n.扩展名file extension 文件扩展名46. morphological adj.形态学(上)的47. constituent adj.形成的,组成的48. rugged adj.不规则的49. erratic adj.不稳定的,无规律的50. eventual adj.最后的,终于的51. representation n.表示法,表现,显示boundary representation 边界表示法52. inflection n.弯曲,变形53. texture n.纹理,结构,质地54. skeletal adj.骨架的55. complement vt.补充,补足;使完备56. subsequent adj.后来的57. assign vt.分配,给予58. quantitative adj.数量的,定量的quantitative information 定量信息59. differentiate v.区别,区分60. e.g. (exempli gratia) n.例如61. descriptor n.描述子,描述符62. explicitly adv.明白地,明确地63. massive adj.大量的;大规模的64. miniaturize vt.使微型化,使小型化65. general-purpose adj.通用的66. blend vt.混和blending n.混和,混和物67. digitizer n.数字化仪,数字化转换器68. throughput n.吞吐量,通过量,吞吐率data throughput n.数据吞吐率69. supercomputer n.巨型(电子)计算机70. offline adj.脱机的, 离线的71. must n.必需的东西;必须做的事72. on-line adj.在线的,即时的73. archival adj.档案的;档案里的archival storage 档案库存储器74. instantaneous adj.瞬间的,即时的76. scroll n.卷动,滚动77. pan n.摇镜头,摇摄,拍全景78. horizontal adj.水平的79. magnetic adj.磁的,有磁性的magnetic disk 磁盘magnetic tape 磁带80. house vt.保存,收藏,收容81. jukebox n.(自动)光盘机82. integral adj.组成的,主要的,必备的an integral part 不可分割的部分83. headgear n.头戴受话器,头戴听筒84. goggles n. 护目镜,墨镜,防护镜85. ink-jet 喷墨86. film n.胶(软)片,胶卷,电影胶片87. transparency n.幻灯片88. inherent adj.固有的,内在的89. optical adj.光学的optical disk (or: optical disc) 光盘90. fiber n.(光导)纤维optical fiber 光纤PHRASES1. digital image 数字图像2. gray level 灰度级,灰度3. picture element 像素4. electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波频谱5. electron microscopy 电子显微镜6. radio wave 无线电波7. image understanding 图像理解8. in between 在……之间，在中间9. image pre-processing图像预处理10. image sharpening 图像锐化11. bring out 使显示, 生产12. image restoration 图像恢复13. data compression 数据压缩14. image compression 图像压缩15. JPEG：Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图像专家组16. feature selection 特征选择17. image sensor 摄像传感器18. with reference to 关于19. ALU:arithmetic logic unit算术逻辑单元20. software package 软件包,程序包21. mass storage 海量存储器22. frame buffer 帧缓存器,帧缓冲区23. flat screen 平面屏幕24. stereo display 立体显示。
通信工程专业英语名词缩写
电子类常用缩写(英文翻译)AC(alternating current)交流(电)A／D(analog to digital)模拟／数字转换ADC(analog to digital convertor)模拟／数字转换器ADM(adaptive delta modulation)自适应增量调制ADPCM(adaptive differential pulse code modulation)自适应差分脉冲编码调制ALU(arithmetic logic unit)算术逻辑单元ASCII(American standard code for information interchange)美国信息交换标准码AV(audio visual)声视，视听BCD(binary coded decimal)二进制编码的十进制数BCR(bi-directional controlled rectifier)双向晶闸管BCR(buffer courtier reset)缓冲计数器BZ(buzzer)蜂鸣器，蜂音器C(capacitance，capacitor)电容量，电容器CATV(cable television)电缆电视CCD(charge-coupled device)电荷耦合器件CCTV(closed-circuit television)闭路电视CMOS(complementary)互补MOSCPU(central processing unit)中央处理单元CS(control signal)控制信号D(diode)二极管DAST(direct analog store technology)直接模拟存储技术DC(direct current)直流DIP(dual in-line package)双列直插封装DP(dial pulse)拨号脉冲DRAM(dynamic random access memory)动态随机存储器DTL(diode-transistor logic)二极管晶体管逻辑DUT(device under test)被测器件DVM(digital voltmeter)数字电压表ECG(electrocardiograph)心电图ECL(emitter coupled logic)射极耦合逻辑EDI(electronic data interchange)电子数据交换EIA(Electronic Industries Association)电子工业联合会EOC(end of conversion)转换结束EPROM(erasable programmable read only memory)可擦可编程只读存储器EEPROM(electrically EPROM)电可擦可编程只读存储器ESD(electro-static discharge)静电放电FET(field-effect transistor)场效应晶体管FS(full scale)满量程F／V(frequency to voltage convertor)频率／电压转换FM(frequency modulation)调频FSK(frequency shift keying)频移键控FSM(field strength meter)场强计FST(fast switching shyster)快速晶闸管FT(fixed time)固定时间FU(fuse unit)保险丝装置FWD(forward)正向的GAL(generic array logic)通用阵列逻辑GND(ground)接地，地线GTO(Sate turn off thruster)门极可关断晶体管HART(highway addressable remote transducer)可寻址远程传感器数据公路HCMOS(high density COMS)高密度互补金属氧化物半导体(器件)HF(high frequency)高频HTL(high threshold logic)高阈值逻辑电路HTS(heat temperature sensor)热温度传感器IC(integrated circuit)集成电路ID(international data)国际数据IGBT(insulated gate bipolar transistor)绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGFET(insulated gate field effect transistor)绝缘栅场效应晶体管I／O(input／output)输入／输出I／V(current to voltage convertor)电流-电压变换器IPM(incidental phase modulation)附带的相位调制IPM(intelligent power module)智能功率模块IR(infrared radiation)红外辐射IRQ(interrupt request)中断请求JFET(junction field effect transistor)结型场效应晶体管LAS(light activated switch)光敏开关LASCS(light activated silicon controlled switch)光控可控硅开关LCD(liquid crystal display)液晶显示器LDR(light dependent resistor)光敏电阻LED(light emitting diode)发光二极管LRC(longitudinal redundancy check)纵向冗余(码)校验LSB(least significant bit)最低有效位LSI(1arge scale integration)大规模集成电路M(motor)电动机MCT(MOS controlled gyrator)场控晶闸管MIC(microphone)话筒，微音器，麦克风min(minute)分MOS(metal oxide semiconductor)金属氧化物半导体MOSFET(metal oxide semiconductor FET)金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管N(negative)负NMOS(N-channel metal oxide semiconductor FET)N沟道MOSFET NTC(negative temperature coefficient)负温度系数OC(over current)过电流OCB(overload circuit breaker)过载断路器OCS(optical communication system)光通讯系统OR(type of logic circuit)或逻辑电路OV(over voltage)过电压P(pressure)压力FAM(pulse amplitude modulation)脉冲幅度调制PC(pulse code)脉冲码PCM(pulse code modulation)脉冲编码调制PDM(pulse duration modulation)脉冲宽度调制PF(power factor)功率因数PFM(pulse frequency modulation)脉冲频率调制PG(pulse generator)脉冲发生器PGM(programmable)编程信号PI(proportional-integral(controller))比例积分(控制器)PID(proportional-integral-differential(controller))比例积分微分(控制器) PIN(positive intrinsic-negative)光电二极管PIO(parallel input output)并行输入输出PLD(phase-locked detector)同相检波PLD(phase-locked discriminator)锁相解调器PLL(phase-locked loop)锁相环路PMOS(P-channel metal oxide semiconductor FET)P沟道MOSFETP-P(peak-to-peak)峰--峰PPM(pulse phase modulation)脉冲相位洲制PRD(piezoelectric radiation detector)热电辐射控测器PROM(programmable read only memory)可编只读程存储器PRT(platinum resistance thermometer)铂电阻温度计PRT(pulse recurrent time)脉冲周期时间PUT(programmable unijunction transistor)可编程单结晶体管PWM(pulse width modulation)脉宽调制R(resistance，resistor)电阻，电阻器RAM(random access memory)随机存储器RCT(reverse conducting thyristor)逆导晶闸管REF(reference)参考，基准REV(reverse)反转R/F(radio frequency)射频RGB(red／green／blue)红绿蓝ROM(read only memory)只读存储器RP(resistance potentiometer)电位器RST(reset)复位信号RT(resistor with inherent variability dependent)热敏电阻RTD(resistance temperature detector)电阻温度传感器RTL(resistor transistor logic)电阻晶体管逻辑(电路)RV(resistor with inherent variability dependent on the voltage)压敏电阻器SA(switching assembly)开关组件SBS(silicon bi-directional switch)硅双向开关，双向硅开关SCR(silicon controlled rectifier)可控硅整流器SCS(safety control switch)安全控制开关SCS(silicon controlled switch)可控硅开关SCS(speed control system)速度控制系统SCS(supply control system)电源控制系统SG(spark gap)放电器SIT(static induction transformer)静电感应晶体管SITH(static induction thyristor)静电感应晶闸管SP(shift pulse)移位脉冲SPI(serial peripheral interface)串行外围接口SR(sample realy，saturable reactor)取样继电器，饱和电抗器SR(silicon rectifier)硅整流器SRAM(static random access memory)静态随机存储器SSR(solid-state relay)固体继电器SSR(switching select repeater)中断器开关选择器SSS(silicon symmetrical switch)硅对称开关，双向可控硅SSW(synchro-switch)同步开关ST(start)启动ST(starter)启动器STB(strobe)闸门，选通脉冲T(transistor)晶体管，晶闸管TACH(tachometer)转速计，转速表TP(temperature probe)温度传感器TRIAC(triodes AC switch)三极管交流开关TTL(transistor-transistor logic)晶体管一晶体管逻辑TV(television)电视UART(universal asynchronous receiver transmitter)通用异步收发器VCO(voltage controlled oscillator)压控振荡器VD(video decoders)视频译码器VDR(voltage dependent resistor)压敏电阻VF(video frequency)视频V／F(voltage-to-frequency)电压／频率转换V／I(voltage to current convertor)电压-电流变换器VM(voltmeter)电压表VS(vacuum switch)电子开关VT(visual telephone)电视电话VT(video terminal)视频终端。
通信原理专业英文词汇
通信原理专业英文词汇通信原理缩写名词英文全称中文译名AAL ATM adaptation layer ATM 适配层ACK ACKnowledge确认A/D Analog/Digital数 /模ADPCM Adaptive DPCM自适应差分脉（冲编）码调制ADSL Asymmetric Digital非对称数字用户环路Subscribers LoopAM Amplitude Modulation振幅调制（调幅）AMI Alternate Mark Inverse传号交替反转APK Amplitude Phase Keying幅相键控ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest自动要求重发ASCII American Standard Code美国标准信息交换码for InformationInterchangeASK Amplitude Shift Keying振幅键控ASIC Application Specific专用集成电路Integrated CircuitATM Asynchronous Transfer异步转移模式ModeAU Administration Unit管理单元AUG Administration Unit Group管理单元群B-ISDN Broadband ISDN宽带综合业务数字网BCD Binary Coded Decimal二十进制BPF Bandpass Filter带通滤波器BRAN Broadband Radio Access宽带射频接入网NetworkBRI Basic Rate Interface基本速率接口C Container容器CAS Channel Associated随路信令SignalingCCIR International Consultive国际无线电咨询委员会Committee forRadiotelecommunicationCCITT Consultive Committee for国际电报电话咨询委员International Telegraph 会and TelephoneCCS Common Channel共路信令SignalingCDM Code Division码分复用MultiplexingCDMA Code Division Multiple码分多址AccessCELP Code Excited Linear码激励线性预测PredictionCLP Cell Lose Priority信元丢失优先等级CMI Coded Mark Inversion传号反转COR-PSK Correlative Phase-Shift相关移相键控KeyingCRC Cyclic Redundancy Check循环冗余校验CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple载波侦听 /冲突检测Access/Collision DetectionDAMA Demand Assignment按需分配多址Multiple AddressDC Direct Current直流DCT Discrete Cosine Transform离散余弦变换DES Data Encryption Standard数据加密标准DFT Discrete Fourier离散傅里叶变换Transform(FFT Fast Fourier Transform快速傅里叶变换 )DM( M)Delta Modulation增量调制DPCM Differential Pulse Code差分脉（冲编）码调制Modulation(ADPCM Adaptive DPCM自适应差分脉冲编码调制 )DPSK Differential Phase Shift差分相移键控KeyingDS Direct Sequence(spread 直接序列（扩谱）spectrum)DSB Double Side Band双边带DSBSC Double Sideband双边带抑制载波Suppressed CarrierDSSS Direct-Sequence Spread直接序列扩谱SpectrumDTE Data Terminal Equipment数据终端设备DTMF Dual Tone Multiple双音多频FrequencyDVB Digital Video Broadcasting数字视频广播EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for提高 GSM 数据率的改进GSM Evolution方案EDI Electronic Data电子数据交换InterchangeErl Erlang爱尔兰ETSI European欧洲电信标准协会TelecommunicationStandards InstitutionF Frame帧FCS Fast Circuit Switching快速电路交换FDD Frequency Division频分双工DuplexFDM Frequency Division频分复用MultiplexingFDMA Frequency Division频分多址Multiple AccessFEC Forward Error Correction前向纠错Fed Free Euclidean Distance自由欧式距离FH Frequency-Hopping跳频FIFO First-In First-Out先进先出FIR Finite Impulse Response有限冲激响应FSK Frequency-Shift Keying移频键控GFC Generic Flow Control一般流量控制GPRS General Packet Radio通用分组无线业务ServicesGMSK Gaussian MSK高斯最小频移键控GSM Global System for Mobile全球移动通信系统CommunicationsHDB 33rd Order High Density 3 阶高密度双极性（码）BipolarHDLC High-level Data Link高级数据链路控制ControlHDTV High Definition Television高清晰度电视HEC Header Error Control信元头差错控制HPS High Packet Switching高速分组交换HSCSD High Speed Circuit高速电路交换数据Switched DataHT Hadamard Transform哈达玛变换IC Integrated Circuit集成电路IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier逆离散傅里叶变换TransformIEEE Institute of Electrical and电气和电子工程师学会Electronics EngineersIIR Infinite Impulse Response无限冲激响应ISDN Integrated Services Digital综合业务数字网Network(B-ISDN Broadband ISDN宽带综合业务数字网）(N-ISDN Narrowband ISDN窄带综合业务数字网）ISI Intersymbol Interference码间干扰ISO International Standards 国际标准化组织OrganizationITM Information TransferModeITU InternationalTelecommunicationsUnionITU-T ITU TelecommunicationStandardization Sector LAN Local Area NetworkLCM Lowest Common Multiple LD-CELP Low Delay Code ExcitedLinear PredictionLDPC Low-Density Parity-Check LED Light-Emitting DiodeLPC Linear Prediction coding LPF Lowpass FilterMAN Metropolitan AreaNetworkMASK M-ary Amplitude ShiftKeyingMCPC Multiple Channel PerCarrierMFSK M-ary Frequency ShiftKeyingMPSK M-ary Phase Shift Keying MSK Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK Gaussian MSKNAK Negative AcknowledgeNBFM Narrow Band Frequency ModulationNT Network TerminalN-ISDN Narrowband ISDNNNI Network Node Interface NRZ Non Return-to-ZeroOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingOSI/RM the Reference Model ofOpen SystemsInterconnectionOOK On Off KeyingOQPSK Offset Quadrature PhaseShift KeyingOSI Open Systems 信息传递方式国际电信联盟国际电信联盟电讯标准部局域网最小公倍数低延迟码激励线性预测低密度奇偶校验发光二极管线性预测编码低通滤波器城域网M进制振幅键控每载波多路M进制移频键控M进制相移键控最小移频键控高斯最小移频键控）否认窄带调频网络终端窄带综合业务数字网网络节点接口不归零正交频分复用开放系统互联参考模型通-断键控偏置正交相移键控开放系统互连InterconnectionPAD Packet Assembly and信号包组装和拆卸DisassemblyPAM Pulse Amplitude脉（冲振）幅调制ModulationPAN Personal Area Network个（人区）域网PCM Pulse Code Modulation脉（冲编）码调制PDH Plesiochronous Digital准同步数字体系HierachyPDM Pulse Duration Modulation脉（冲）宽（度）调制PDN Public Data Network公共数据网PDU Protocol Data Unit协议数据单元PIX Pixel像素PLL Pulse-Locked Loop锁相环PM Pulse Modulation脉冲调制PN Pseudo Noise伪噪声PPM Pulse-Position Modulation脉（冲）位（置）调制PRI Primary Rate Interface基群速率接口PSK Phase Shift Keying相移键控PST(code)Paired Selected Ternary成对选择三进制（码）PSTN Public Switch Telephone 公共交换电话网NetworkPT Payload Type有用负荷类型QAM Quadrature Amplitude正交振幅调制ModulationQDPSK Quadrature DPSK正交差分相移键控QPR Quadrature Partial正交部分响应ResponseQPSK Quadrature Phase Shift正交相移键控KeyingRAM Random Access Memory随机存取存储器RLAN Radio LAN无线局域网ROM Read-Only Memory只读存储器RPE-LTP Regular Pulse Excitation规则脉冲激励长时预测with Long-Term PredictionR-S(code)Reed-Solomon(code)里德-索洛蒙（码）RSCC Recursive Systematic递归系统卷积码CodeRZ Return-to-Zero归零SDH Synchronous Digital同步数字体系HierarchySSB Single Sideband单边带STM Synchronous Transfer同步转移模式ModeTCM Trellis Coded Modulation网格编码调制TDM Time Division时分复用MultiplexingTFM Tamed Frequency软调频ModulationVC Virtual Channel虚通道VB(decoding)Viterbi (decoding)维特比（译码）VCI Virtual Channel Identifier虚通道标记VSB Vestigial Sideband残留边带WDM Wavelength Division波分复用MultiplexingWT Walsh Transform沃尔什变换4B/3D(code) 4 Binary/3 ternary (code) 4 二进制 /3 三电平（码）。
(完整word版)西安邮电大学专业英语重点译文
一．名词解释PCM pulse-code modulation脉冲编码调制PPM Pulse Position Modulation脉冲位置调制ASK amplitude shift keying幅移键控FSK frequency shift keying频移键控BFSK binary frequency shift keying二进制频移键控MSK minimum shift keying最小频移键控PSK phase shift keying （PSK）相移键控FDM Frequency division multiplexing频分复用OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing正交频分复用TDM time division multiplexing 时分复用WDM wave division multiplexing 波分复用DWDM dense wave division multiplexing 密集型波分复用PMamplitude/ frequency/ phase modulation (AM/FM/PM)幅度/频/调制CPM continuous phase modulation 连续相位调制FDMA frequency division multiple access (FDMA).频分多址TDMA time division multiple access时分多址CDMA code division multiple access码分多址SDMA space division multiple access空分多址GSM global system for mobile communicatons全球数字移动通信系统MS mobile station 移动台BTS base transceviver 基站收发台BSC base station controller 基站控制器BSS base station subsystem 基站子系统MSC mobile switching center 移动交换中心AUC Authentication center 鉴权中心VLR visitor location register访问位置寄存器EIR equipment identity register设备识别寄存器HLR home location register本地位置寄存器PSTN public switched telephone network公共电话交换网ISDN integrated sercices digital network 综合业务数字网ADSL asymmetric digital subscriber line 非对称数字用户线路NSS network and switching subsystem网络交换中心PBX private branch exchange程控交换机ATM asynchronous transfer mode异步传输模式LAN local area network 局域网IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 美国电气和电子工程师协会CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect载波监听多路访问/冲突检测MAC medium access control介质访问控制层LLC logical link control链路逻辑控制TCP Transmission Control Protocol传输控制协议FTP file transfer protocol文件传输协议JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图像专家小组MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group 动态图像专家组NAPs network access points 网络接入点IXPs Internet exchange points 互联网接入点SNA systems network architecture系统网络体系结构OSI open system interconnection开放式系统互联GPS global positioning system全球定位系统ICMP：Internet Control Message Protocol控制报文协议IGMP：Internet Group Management Protocol 组管理协议FDD frequency division duplex 频分双工TDD time division duplex 时分双工PLL phase lock loop 锁相环ADC analog—to-digital converter模数转换器SSMA spread spectrum multiple access扩频多址系统VLC variable length coding可变长编码HDTV high-definition tevevision 高清晰度电视VOD video—on—demand 视频点播技术OSS operation support systems运营支撑系统DRM digital rights management数字版权管理CISC/SISC complex/simple instruction set computer 复杂/精简指令集计算机PLMN public land mobile network 公共陆地移动网MUL mobile user link 移动用户链路GWL gateway link 网关链路ISL inter satellite links 内部卫星链路BRI basic rate interface 基本速率接口PRI primary rate interface 基群速率接口TA terminal adapter 终端适配器APD avalanche photodiode 雪崩光电二极管PIN positive—intrinsic negative本征光电二极管TE transverse electric mode模电模式TM tranaverse magnetic 横磁模式LP linearly polarized mode 线性模式STB set top box 机顶盒二．翻译So What is Cloud Computing?We see Cloud Computing as a computing model， not a technology。
通信工程专业英语的-缩写
4B/3D（code)——4 Binary/3 ternary （code）4二进制/3三电平（码）AA/D——Analog/Digital数/模AAL-—ATM adaptation layer ATM适配层AC. ac。
-—Alternating Current 交流ACK——ACKnowledge确认ADC-—Application data center集中托管式数据应用中心-—Analog—to-Digital Converter模拟/数字转换器（模数变换器)ADPCM-—Adaptive DPCM自适应差分脉（冲编）码调制ADPCM-—Adaptive DPCM自适应差分脉冲编码调制ADSL--Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line非对称数字用户环路ADSL—-Asymmetric Digital Subscribers Loop非对称数字用户环路AM——Amplitude Modulation 幅度调制、调幅AM——Amplitude Modulation振幅调制（调幅)AMI——Alternate Mark Inverse传号交替反转ANSI--American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会APK -—Amplitude Phase Keying幅相键控APT--the Advanced Packaging Tool Ubuntu软件包管理系统的高级界面ARQ--Automatic Repeat reQuest自动要求重发ASCII-—American Standard Code for Information Interchange美国标准信息交换码ASIC-—Application Specific Integrated Circuit专用集成电路ASK—-Amplitude Shift Keying振幅键控AT＆T--American Telephone & Telegraph美国电话电报公司ATM-—Automated Tellermachine自动取款机—-Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步转移（传递）模式AU--Administration Unit管理单元AUG—-Administration Unit Group管理单元群BBCD--Binary Coded Decimal二十进制B-ISDN--Broadband ISDN宽带综合业务数字网BPF-—Bandpass Filter带通滤波器BRAN—-Broadband Radio Access Network宽带射频接入网BRI--Basic Rate Interface基本速率接口CCAS——Channel Associated Signaling随路信令CCITT—-Consultive Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone国际电报电话咨询委员会C—-Container容器CCS-—Common Channel Signaling共路信令CDMA——Code Division Multiple Access码分多址CDM—-Code Division Multiplexing码分复用CELP-—Code Excited Linear Prediction码激励线性预测CLP--Cell Lose Priority信元丢失优先等级CMI—-Coded Mark Inversion传号反转COR-PSK-—Correlative Phase-Shift Keying相关移相键控CPU-—Central Processing Unit中央处理器CRC-—Cyclic Redundancy Check循环冗余校验CRT —-Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管(显示器）——Chinese Remainder Theorem 中国剩余定理CSMA/CD--Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection载波侦听/冲突检测DDAC——Digital Audio Compress数/模转装换器(数字模拟转换器）DAMA-—Demand Assignment Multiple Address按需分配多址DC。
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为了避免混淆，任何与前面的标记脉冲极性相反的冲突脉冲，无 论其是真的或假的冲突脉冲，都会被强制为冲突（形式）。这种 强制冲突是通过插入相同极性脉冲来替代紧跟在前面标记脉冲之 后的第一个“0”来实现的。
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
With modern digital switching systems it is possible to make more efficient use of the signaling channel by using it simply as a message transmission facility，the formatting of the signaling information being the responsibility of the exchange equipment． “it”为形式主语，“to make more…facility”是真正的主语 “the signaling channel”作宾语，“efficient” 是“use’’的定语； the formatting…equipment:分词独立结构，作伴随状语． 利用现代数字交换系统，把信令信道仅仅作为信息传输工具（设 备）使其利用率更高是可能的，信令信息的初始化是交换设备的 功能。
专业缩写词汇：在通信技术中常用的专业缩写词汇
PCM — pulse code modulation WWW — world wide web
SSB — single side band
LAN — local area network
DSP — digital signal processing
Fig. — Figure
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
The next question we have to answer is how many quantization levels do we need to provide in order to represent the signal amplitude with sufficient accuracy? 复杂句 how many…with sufficient accuracy:表语从句，与“is”一起 构成复合谓语。 “do”提到“we need”之前,加强语气，强调谓语动词“need” 表示的动作。 我们要回答的下一个问题是：为了有足够的精确度来代表信 号幅度，我们需要提供多少量化级？ Specialized English for Communication Engineering
通信工程专业英语
——Specialized English
第二部分 通信技术
Unit 3：
Pulse Code Modulation ——脉冲编码调制
专业英语基础知识
科技英语中的几个关键问题
1.词汇和句型：
词汇是语言的基础，科技英语中的词汇可分为四类: 普通词汇、专业词汇、专业缩写词汇和转意词汇。
普通词汇：这些词汇在科技英语中的意义和用法与在普
通英语中基本是一致的。
冠词、动词、副词、介词、形容词、数词sh for Communication Engineering
专业词汇：在通信技术中常用的专业词汇
electron、amplifier、electromagnetic wave、transceiver、 frequency、parameter...
4B3T has found its chief application transmission systems that have been converted to 30 channel PCM from the earlier 24 channel system． that…system:“that”引导的定语从句，起先行词是systems
violation parity pseudo-ternary Alternate Mark Inversion(AMI) High Density Bipolar
adj. 连续的，顺序的，相邻的
n. n. 破坏，妨碍，犯法 同等，类似，奇偶 伪三进制码 交替反转码 高密度双极性码
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
in principle 为插入语；
except the…back again: 介词短语作状语 只要在脉冲变得无法识别之前重新再生它，那么，除了把模拟信号转 换为数字信号及把数字信号转换为模拟信号时内在的近似过程，原则 上信号可以无衰减的传输无限长的距离。
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
which modify…signal: “which” 引导的限制性定语从句，修 饰“line codes”(有句子成分分隔现象)． 为了解决这些问题，使用了能修改频谱形状的、引入额外信 号形状转变的线路码。
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
n.
n. n.
压扩，展缩，压伸
系数，折算率，程度 装置，仪器，履行，实现
adj. 余的，补的，补充，辅助
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
threshold analogue-to-digital converter junction n. n. 槛，门限，定值 模数转换器 接合，接续（线），中继线
modulator 调节者
flip-flop 翻跟斗
调制器
触发器
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)
regenerate impair recognition beyond recognition deterioration n. v. v. n n.
LASER — light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation Specialized English for Communication Engineering
专业英语基础知识
转义词汇：从普通词汇中借用、移植过来的，并赋予它
们不同于普通应用时的专门含义。 转意词 current circuit carrier 普通含义 水流，气流，趋势，当前的 周围，巡回，绕行 运载工具 专业含义 电流 电路 载波，载流子
In North America and Japan the primary level of multiplexing consists of 24 speech signals with a single bit of synchronizing information for every 24×8 bit frame , giving a frame size of 193 bits． “the primary…multiplexing”作主语； “consists”作谓语，“of 24 speech signals with…24×8 bit frame” 作状语； “giving…”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主 语。 在北美和日本,复用的一次群包括24个语音信号和为每24×8比特帧 同步的一个比特，（故）帧的大小为193比特。
be converted to(into)…: 被转换为…；被转变成… PCM: pulse-code-modulation，脉冲编码调制 4B3T码主要运用在一些传输系统中，这些传输系统可以把早 期的24信道系统转换为30信道的PCM系统。
TEXT
Provided these pulses were regenerated before they become impaired beyond recognition, then it would be possible, in principle, to transmit the signal over infinitely long distances with no deterioration, except the approximation inherent in converting an analogue signal into a digital signal and back again．
incorporate v.
同步数字网
（使）结合，包括，插（编） 入
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
multi-frame bipolar 复帧 adj. 两极的，双极（性）的，双向 的
consecutive
To avoid this confusion，any violation pulse which is of opposite polarity to the preceding mark pulse，whether genuine or a violation, is forced into violation by the insertion of a “parity” pulse substituted for the first zero immediately following the preceding mark．