沃尔玛的物流成本控制

沃尔玛的物流成本控制

1.中央采购制+直接进货

各门店：仅负责商品销售、仓库管理,没有商品采购决定权，但有建议权。

（只可根据自己的实际情况向公司总部提出采购建议。）

沃尔玛绕开中间商,缩短供应链,降低采购成本，节约供应链开支,直接从工厂进货。

Central purchasing system + direct purchase of goods

Each shop is only responsible for sales and warehouse management, but has no right to decide on the purchase of goods, but has the right to make suggestions.

(They can only make purchasing proposals to the company headquarters according to their actual situation.)

Wal-Mart bypasses the middleman, shortens the supply chain, reduces purchasing costs and saves money in the supply chain, and buys goods directly from the factory.

中央采购的优点：

1）.大批量进货,压价能力强,享受数量折扣优惠，利用规模优势来降低成本。（例如对可口可乐,沃尔玛把一年的订单一次性签订,因为采购量大,所以能获得超低价。）

2）.由于商品进价低,其零售价等于周边商店的进货价,在售价优势上力压竞争对手。

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3）.集中采购有利于规范沃尔玛的采购行为，减少采购浪费。

4）.多次采购变成一次采购,大大减少物流配送的次数,从而有效地控制了沃尔玛的采购总成本。

Advantages of central procurement.

1). Large volume purchase, strong price pressure, enjoy quantity discounts, and take advantage of scale to reduce costs.

(e.g. for Coca-Cola, Wal-Mart signs a year's order in one go and gets a very low price because of the large volume of purchases).

2). Because of the low purchase price of goods, the retail price is equal to the purchase price of the surrounding shops, so the selling price advantage over competitors.

3). The centralized purchasing helps to regulate Wal-Mart's purchasing behavior and reduce purchasing waste.

4). By turning multiple purchases into a single purchase, the number of logistics and deliveries is greatly reduced, thus effectively controlling Wal-Mart's total purchasing costs.

2.买断进货,并固定时间结算货款

很多的商家为了转移商品卖不出去的风险,采取代销的方式,卖不出去的货物可以向厂家退货。

虽然要冒货物滞销、积压的风险，沃尔玛却直接买断，这不仅大幅降低进货成本，而且获得供给商的信赖。

沃尔玛按时结清货款，这大大激发了供给商和沃尔玛建立业务关系的— 2 —

积极性,使得两者的关系更加牢靠，也保证了沃尔玛能获得最优惠的价格。

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