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研究物流业及中国物流技术外文参考文献原文及译文（可编辑）

研究物流业及中国物流技术外文参考文献原文及译文物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____二级学院专业班级学号学生姓名电话号码时间 2012-04-5原文:Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of ChinaLuo YixinDepartment of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205Received 15 July 2004AbstractFor further pushing ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry,the author,based on the status quo of China's logistics industry,alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China.By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics,standards of technical terms,logistics technologies and management,the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal.Key words:logistics;development;problem;measure1? PrefaceModem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades. Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s,logistics industry has been developed rapidly.At present,our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers,develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights. Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights LOG + +/SMCS in 2003.The real?time connection with famous ERP system SAPR/3has been realized,the system radically changes the unicity and low integrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system.Another example is the new structural?type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0?150 m/rain.1ifting speed of 0?40 m/min and forking speed of 0 ? 20/40 m/rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same ser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction.resulting that the distance?measuring error is ± 1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm.For the vertical direction.due to the appli cation ofrotary encoder plus tooth?be technique, positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm. In this way. the system successfully integrates a variety of new?type detecting technologies involving laser location, rotary encoder and toth?belt eranging. integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method .Besides, the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability.The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new?type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments. In 2003。

绿色物流外文文献翻译最新译文

文献出处：Fransoo J C. Green Logistics: Enablers for Sustainable Development [J]. Supply chain management: an international journal, 2014, 8(2): 122-131.原文GREEN LOGISTICS: ENABLERS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTJan C. FransooEindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands1 INTRODUCTIONLogistics is the backbone of industry and commerce. As a discipline, it describes the management and coordination of activities along supply chains. These activities include freight transport, storage, inventory management, materials handling and related information processing. A large part of logistics activities are often outsourced to specialized providers that provide cost- effective services. Research has shown that, at least in high income economies, the value of services is not assessed in monetary and service quality terms alone. In making decisions, logistics professionals are increasingly taking into consideration external effects such as emissions, pollution, noise, and accidents.The last LPI report release in 2012, for instance, pointed out that in shipments to OECD countries, environmentally friendly solutions are considered far more often than elsewhere. Mounting regulatory pressure, together with changes in customer preferences, are the main drivers of this phenomenon. One of the more widely used terms to describe this set of preferences is green Logistics, especially when the activities of logistics service providers are concerned.Research, including a recent book by Alan McKinnon, has established that green Logistics is an emerging concern of private operators and providers and users of logistics. From a policy standpoint, and especially for the global environment, green Logistics is potentially a major topic as well: estimates vary, but about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) can be traced to logistics activities.Green Logistics may not be an independent policy area. Rather, the supply chainperspective provides a framework to understand and deal with issues that are separate but ultimately interrelated. Importantly, looking at supply chains helps policy makers understand the interests and actions of private sector operators. Green Logistics may therefore propose a number of tools and identify emerging sustainable solutions contributing to the overarching objective of green Growth.From a policy perspective, logistics cut across several areas and sectors. The performance of supply chains depends on areas or activities where government as regulator or catalyst of investment is critical, such as:Transport infrastructure: road and rail corridors, ports and airportsThe efficiencies of logistics services: services include not only modal freight transport, but also warehousing and intermediary services, such as brokers and forwarders, and related information-flow management. In modern economies, the trend is towards integration in multi-activity logistics providers (3PLs, 4PLs) to which industrial and commercial firms outsource their supply chain activities. Understanding the regulatory dimension of services is becoming increasingly critical to the development of effective policies in areas such as: professional and operational standards, regulation of entry in market and professions, competition, enforcement.Procedures applying to the merchandise, such as trade procedures (customs and other controls).The soft infrastructure that supports information or financial flow associated with the physical movements along supply chains: IT infrastructure, payment systems.The concept of national logistics performance capturing the outcome of these policies is widely recognized by policy makers and the private sector worldwide as a critical contribution to national competitiveness. A key question for sustainable development is how to integrate supply chain participants concern with environmental sustainability with the concept of national logistics performance.Within logistics, transport creates the largest environmental footprint. But the volume of emissions can vary greatly, depending on the mode of transport. The volume of emission per ton per km increases by an order of magnitude from maritime to land transportation and to air transportation. This is a key environmental aspect oflogistics that is not taken into consideration by most supply chain operators. Logistics experts typically integrate freight modes and other related activities so that the transport and distribution network is used in the most efficient manner, which is important for keeping emissions in check, as well. Depending on the type of industry and geographical region, supply chain operators can place varying emphasis on the reliability of supply chains, as well. In summary, supply chain choices typically include multiple criteria and trade-offs, and this makes an analysis of their environmental impact complex; the most environmentally friendly choices do not only depend on mode of transportation, but also on other elements, such as efficiency and reliability.To reduce the environmental footprint of a supply chain, the focus should be on several dimensions and should select the best mode of transport, efficient movements, and innovation. Comprehensive work on greening individual modes of transportation is already available. Here, the key drivers have been energy efficiency and the urge to diminish various types of emission. Given the integrated nature of supply chains, however, the manner in which price signals and incentives catalyze supply chain structure is a rather intricate problem: lower- emission modes of transport (maritime, e.g.) are typically also less reliable or have other limitations (such as maritime access to a landlocked country). Such limitations may include the cost of such technologies, the temperature range within which they can be used or the availability of certain types of fuel. It is therefore critical to complement the current knowledge about emissions produced by different modes of transportation with an understanding of what drives the demand for Green Logistics within supply chains.The emerging response is likely to take the form of top-down policy, such as measures in the form of standards or taxes addressing emissions (GHG, SO2, NOx) by mode of freight. For instance, a cap on SO2 emissions on major maritime routes will go into effect at the end of 20152. At least as important is the response from the bottom up. These are supply-chain strategies coming from the private sector in response to policy or price changes, but also demand from consumers, clients and stake-holders. Green Supply Chain management has to be taken seriously by policymakers.An exclusive focus on price mechanism (including taxes), as is the current tendency, may miss some of the major driver of changes in supply chain management. Another complication, at least in the context of international trade, is that the focus on the impact on international logistics does not capture the footprint of production processes. These processes may have different impact than the supply chain itself, as in the case of food production.There is also evidence that much of the environmental footprint of logistics operations is tied to short distances and distribution. Green Logistics is intimately linked with concerns such as urban congestion, and innovations in Logistics are critical to sustainable supply chains. Grassroots innovations in Logistics have recently flourished, often producing win-win solutions in terms of jobs and the environment. More generally, there is increasing awareness that green supply chains can be also competitive, either because the awareness of the environment helps productivity or because consumers expect it, particularly in wealthy countries.A concrete case in point is also the so-called sulphur emission regulation by IMO that enters into force on January 1, 2015 in most of North Sea, Baltic Sea and along west and east coasts of US & Canada (bar Alaska). Ships have to go over from fuel with 1.5 % sulphur to 0.1 % sulphur or invest in so-called scrubbers, that absorb the sulphur from exhaust gases; technology that is still nascent in the maritime context. Scrubber investment per cargo ship is USD 2 million and uo with multiples as the ship engine size increases, with annual maintenance cost approx.. 7-10 % of investment. This seemingly innocent and rather technical change is going to have a huge impact on shipping and the spillover effect to other modes & Supply chains are goi ng to be significant Green Logistics also encompasses potentially longer-term concerns. A green focus within logistics analysis could examine a supply chain vulnerability to climate events or to large swings in the price of transport inputs, for instance. A recent volcanic episode in Iceland showed the vulnerability of one specific supply chain that relies heavily on air freight fresh produce coming from Africa spoiled when flights were cancelled because of the volcanic ash. Resilience concerns and other form ofuncertainty are likely to shape supply chain choices by regional and global operators. Given the importance of trade in components and intra-firm trade, how large operators develop green supply chain strategies will have profound economic impact. Resilient and greener supply chains are likely to be less extended and leaner, for example, though the consequences for trade and integration of low income economies cannot be treated fully here.Policy makers should be concerned by both the supply and demand aspects of logistics environmental dimensions. So far, the policy focus has been on modal footprint and has not taken into account a supply chain perspective. There have not been major initiatives in Green Logistics, even in the countries most sensitive to the issue, such as those in Northern Europe. Rather the most important changes have occurred as a combination of largely uncoordinated public and private initiatives: voluntary behavior by shippers, innovation in terms of technology, information (environmental logistics dashboard) or services, or common public-private objectives such as in modal shifts.2DEFINING GREEN LOGISTICS AND GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT There are many variations in the terminology regarding green logistics and green supply chain management. This section aims at providing a brief overview on some of the key terms used in the literature.Green logistics refers mainly to environmental issues related to transportation, material handling and storage, inventory control, warehousing, packaging, and facility location allocation decisions (Min & Kim, 2012). Gonzalez-Benito and Gonzalez-Benito (2006) use the term environmental logistics to describe logistics practices that are divided into supply/purchasing, transportation, warehousing and distribution, and reverse logistics and waste management. Although distribution is considered to be one of the interrelated areas of supply chain management, the term green distribution has also been used to describe the whole process of integrating environmental concerns into transportation, packaging, labelling and reverse logistics (Shi et al., 2012).Reverse logistics is often used as a synonym to efforts to reduce theenvironmental impact of the supply chain by recycling, reusing and remanufacturing. However, originally green logistics was used to describe the movement of the material against the primary flow in the form of commercial returns, wrong deliveries and recalls etc., i.e. from the customer towards the producer. (Rogers & Tibben-Lembke, 2001.) In addition to reverse logistics, closed-loop supply chain has also been used to emphasize that the reverse flow of material (e.g. Zhu et al., 2008). However, the activities motivated mainly by environmental concerns might be better labelled as green reverse logistics (Hazen, Cegielski & Hanna, 2011) or in the more general terms of green or environmental logistics (Rogers & Tibben-Lembke, 2001) instead of reverse logistics or closed-loop supply chains.The above-mentioned concepts are mainly used to describe the actions taken by the logistics service provider side. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is a more extensive concept that has been gaining increasing interest among practitioners and academia and is mainly directed towards manufacturing companies. The term implies that the focus of environmental management has shifted from a facility or organization level to supply chain level (Linton et al., 2007). Srivastava (2007) defines that GSCM is integrating environmental thinking into supply chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final product to the consumers as well as end-of-life management of the product after its useful life.GSCM is also known as environmental supply chain management (ESCM) (e.g. Zsidisin & Siferd, 2001;Walker et al., 2008). Some authors (e.g. Seuring & Meller, 2008; Craig & Carter, 2008) use sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) as a synonym of GSCM or ESCM although they mostly focus on the environmental aspect of sustainability, thereby paying less attention on economic and social aspects. According to Zhu et al. (2005) GSCM is strongly related to inter-organisational activities such as industrial ecosystems, industrial ecology, product life cycle analysis, extended producer responsibility and product stewardship.GSCM is often described to consist of green purchasing, green manufacturing, green distribution/green marketing and reverse logistics (Hervani et al., 2005). Greenor environmental purchasing or green supply refers to efforts to improve environmental performance of purchased inputs or of suppliers that provide them (Bowen et al., 2001). Green manufacturing is typically tried to be achieved by various types of environmental practices, such as pollution control, pollution prevention and product stewardship (Hart, 1995). The definitions of GSCM emphasize that environmentally conscious practices are evident in all stages of the supply chain and the product life-cycle (Hervani et al., 2005). Furthermore, Vachon and Klassen (2006) divide these green supply chain management practices into two sets: one of them being environmental monitoring and the other environmental collaboration. In the former the focus is on arm length transaction in which the buying organisation evaluates and monitors its suppliers, and in the latter the environmental solutions are developed jointly.GSCM activities aim at achieving market advantages and profits while reducing environmental impacts. One generally used concept to measure the effect of supply chain activities on natural environment is the environmental or ecological footprint. It accounts for human demand on global biological resources and compares the level of consumption with the available amount of bioproductive land and sea area and has been designed to show whether this ustainability threshold is exceeded (Wiedmann & Barrett, 2010). Lately the use of carbon footprint has increased rapidly but the question still remains whether it should contain only carbon dioxide emissions or other greenhouse gas emissions as well (Wiedmann & Minx, 2007).The increasing interest in environmental issues has led to the development of voluntary environmental management systems. Environmental management systems (EMS) is collection of internal efforts at formally articulating environmental goals, making choices that integrate the environment into production decisions, identifying opportunities for pollution (waste) reduction and implementing plans to make continuous improvements in production methods and environmental performance (Khanna & Anton, 2002). The most commonly used framework for an EMS is developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the ISO 14001 standard. In addition, for example the European Parliament has created its ownenvironmental management system, EMAS. (Gonzalez et al. 2008.) In order to obtain a certification an environmental audit conducted by a registered external auditor is required (Rondinelli & Vastag, 2000).Different types of actors can use different approaches to contribute to environmental sustainability. These approaches can be viewed from macro and micro perspective. Actions in the macro domain are taken by governments and other legislative authorities, while in the micro domain the actions are taken by the companies (Aronsson & Huge-Brodin, 2006). When viewed from a supply chain perspective, the micro domain can be further divided into the logistics service users (manufacturing, trading) and logistics service providers. The decisions concerning the actions to be taken can be made at different levels: strategic, tactic and operational. Each level indicates different scope and time span of the decision. In general, the policy makers decisions are prepared for several months and even years beforehand, whereas logistics service providers and users also make plenty of day-to-day decisions. Figure X illustrates some of the actions taken by different actors that impact on the environmental footprint. It is not meant to be conclusive but to provide some examples on what kinds of activities affect the environmental footprint. Table 1: Actions Taken by Different Actors to Impact the Environmental Footprint.Management can take several approaches to greening the supply chains. Some firms choose to be reactive and commit minimal resources, while more proactive firms may choose to seek value by strategically committing to environmental sustainability and by integrating environmental policy in strategy. (van Hoek, 1999.) Formulating environmental strategy is equally important for both logistics service users and providers. An environmental management system (EMS) can be implemented to address environmental practices within the organisation. It is used to formally articulate environmental goals, to make choices that integrate the environment into production decisions, and to identify opportunities for pollution reduction and to implement plans to make continuous improvements (Khanna & Anton, 2002.) The two most widespread EMSs in Europe are ISO 14 001 and EMAS (Gonzalez, Sarkis & Adenso-Diaz, 2008).Green purchasing or green supply attempts to improve environmental performance of purchased inputs or of suppliers that provide them (Bowen et al., 2001). Green purchasing enables to specific issues, such as to reduction the waste produced, to substitute material through environmental sourcing of raw materials and to minimize the use of hazardous materials (Rao & Holt, 2005), e.g. through materials that are either recyclable or reusable, or have already been recycled. Supplier selection is an important decision at this stage. (Sarkis, 2003.) Supplier evaluation and development forms another important part of green purchasing (Zsidisin & Siferd, 2001). The survey study by Holt and Ghobadian (2009) revealed that over 50 % of UK manufacturers used informal supplier assessment and evaluation practices and over 30% used formal systems. Greener production is typically addressed through various types of environmental practices, such as pollution control, pollution prevention and product stewardship (Hart, 1995). It can be achieved by using renewable and recycled materials and by incorporating reverse logistics so that wasted generated in the production processes are processed and recycled into the production phase (Rao & Holt, 2005).There is a growing trend to outsource transport and logistics services to third party logistics service providers. Logistics service buyers increasingly ask for information on environmental performance of logistics service providers. (Wolf & Seuring, 2010.) Network design, planning and management are some of the pivotal issues to be considered by logistics service providers. Environmental sustainability usually calls for fewer shipments, less handling, shorter movements, more direct routes and better space utilization. Network design has an impact on fill rate, e.g. by increasing the size of warehouses, by centralizing distribution and by changing the location of warehouses. Consolidation is a central aspect to logistics systems on many levels, since consolidation of freight affects fleet size, vehicles, container and package sizes. (Aronsson & Huge-Brodin, 2006.) Other operational measures include e.g. educating and training drivers on eco-driving leads to reductions in fuel consumption (Helmreich, Bonilla, Akyelken, &Weiss, 2009).Although the supply chain to the retailers were optimized in terms ofenvironmental sustainability, the importance of mile deliveries cannot be underestimated. Browne, Rizet, Leonardi and Allen (2008) note that personal shopping trips can use more energy than the whole supply chain before, even if production is included. Hence, the consumers should be made aware of the environmental effects of their shopping behavior. Growing online retail can reduce these effects and retailers can actively aim at reducing their share by e.g. consolidating orders and by adopting off-peak/out-of-hours deliveries, allowing delivery vans to run more of their mileage at fuel-efficient speeds. (Edwards, McKinnon & Cullinane, 2009.)In the macro domain, the harmful effects of logistics have been recognized long ago. The transport strategy of the European Union highlights development needs towards sustainable transport and promotes multimodal and rail transport (European Commission white paper, 2011). Several policy instruments used by legislative bodies have long-term impacts on the supply chains. European commercial air transport and energy intensive manufacturing sectors are subject to the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS).According to European Commission (2013a), the EU ETS is cornerstone of a cornerstone of the European Union's policy to combat climate change and its key tool for reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. The system applies to emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from power plants, energy-intensive industry sectors and commercial airlines. The EU ETS works on the 'cap and trade' principle. A 'cap' refers to the limit of the total amount of certain greenhouse gases that can be emitted by the factories, power plants and other installations in the system.译文绿色物流:促进可持续发展（5000多字）贾恩. 法兰斯1. 引言物流是工商业的支柱。

物流配送外文文献及翻译

1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product t right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing envi revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shorteni product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditional manufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their trad assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in compe Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement o a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics an integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic grow over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by t of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, mos global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the autom many of the leading global O EMs including Honda, Toyota, G eneral Motors,industry,partnerships with local car Volkswagen and Ford have established joint-venturemanufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, Crld’s second largest auto market. In order to is expected to surpass Japan to become the wocompete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, u nder-developedstrategies.deployment of logisticsinfrastructure.This presents a challenge to efficientFurthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most gOEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably a the joint venture p artnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these f actors increase thedifficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of in general a re valued in the United States to take the following measures: F irst, thewarehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of theintroduction of computer networks, on the loading a nd unloading, handling, custody,standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribu centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-typethree types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developeddistribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects thecommon and set t he trend s ticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Governmentplanning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important ro the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders i naccordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distributi goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution cent sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of endcustomers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Ghas been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-center h ub to run ainformation network as a bridge t o a reasonable R69 distributioncomplete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesbased on aallow flexibilitythe core economies of scale toRelying on high-tech tovariety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary coveredreasons i n our country, theimportance a nd development. H owever, due to historicallong-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a cent the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the thre aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third ishave done very well, has a set o fforeign retailersAspects o f logisticsand distribution,efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory tu rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers i has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to g play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesseslogisticscenter.and distributioncenters or use third-partynot set u p their own logisticsAlthough these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but inoperating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified b which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use th logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effective distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement co integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution cent goods distribution ratio of unity is very low. Uniform distribution logistics center c achieved, i ndicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified p urchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costthe distributioncenter, in Wal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities d istribution throughwhich 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distributanddatabase. W al-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution"technology, sothat goods turnover in the Treasurysupply chain"auto-replenishment" ofdown to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflec retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution cos high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short ter can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.distribution Over the years t he practice has proved that t he multi-purpose logisticslow-cost supply h ub, as well as the use of information technology tocenter, intensive,reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply c hain m anagement is t he core oflarge-scalestrategy is to support t he retail giant s uper-conventional retail enterprisesretail and distributionbusinesses of the main development. T he face of large-scaledistribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the int of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collabora and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (inc consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partneThis is also a large-scaletimely r esponse t o sales d emand and timely r eplenishment.multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity o f the corecross-regional,competitive advantage.3.4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnethe development o f China'sindustry in restrictingThis is t he third-partylogisticsLogistics knowledge, especially in modernmost important o ne of the bottlenecks.but that its mainknowledge is f ar f rom being universal,integratedthird party l ogisticswarehousing services, notknow that it isprovide t ransportation andbusiness areas is tonew to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple tproducts s upply, connected w ith transport and storage of raw materials,semi-finishedservices,asproduction process, material flow, t he whole process of product d istributioncover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrat of systems.4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers t office, life of a non-core b usiness areas o f the operation andproduction enterprises,to manage outsourcingas a Overall, as a business-orientedmanagement of integrationmanagement" of the suppliersto provide f ull-service by the special "integratedprojects,"Integratedmanagement" is not simply puts together the management of theprojects.business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the cor combined with advanced information technology and network management features such asintegratedCompared with the general o utsourcing services,one organicallyintegrated.management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business f rom the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing i s not a core operation, but a comprehensive b usiness m anagement. Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task isunique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of thsuppliers to implement, s o in thespecific is it m anaged by the secondary a nd tertiarymanagement of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourci (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneratio fixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as s mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase th own earnings. "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make stable and lasting.5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choicetheory and the development of Summarized the latest of several foreign l ogisticsthird-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm choice to have the following three:（1）Lean Logistics Strategyour most extensive third-partylogisticsSincethe lag theory a nd practice of logistics,company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services. If yo reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry incompanylogisticsrestrictedfor o ur third-partyrole. Lean production theory o f logisticsprovides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy development opportunities. Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing. produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the orig "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technol professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), book. Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective a and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefitsfor enterprises tothe application inseek a new Management philosophy.Lean Logistics Lean Thinking isThe so-called Lean Logisticsdevelopment m ust reflect.management, logisticslogisticsmeans: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction. The aim of Lean Logis according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuin provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the proLean logisticsby itssystem is characterizedservices.increasing value added logisticslow cost, continuous i mprovement, d riven b y customer demand orientedhigh-quality,logistics system. It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accu fast delivery of goods and information.In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party log enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the exCoremanagement concept, the formation o f third party l ogisticsthird party l ogisticscompetitiveness.the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain alliance Third-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent becau their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistTherefore, third party l ogisticsfor s mall a ndparty l ogisticsindustry at a disadvantage.starting from their o wn resources to construct their o wn coremedium enterprises,features of a single third-party competence is t he key. As small and medium enterpriseand incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies b ased on thelogisticsstructure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity t for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics. Valbetween business and thethe interactionis the use of systems approach to investigateanalysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage. the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activi activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred tois t o assist theof supporting activitiesservice activities.and after-salesBasic activitiesrevenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of function support each other. Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party l chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logistics enter general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics cothere is g enerally no commodityenterprisesThird-partyits own characteristics.logisticsproduction process, only the re-circulation process, does not account for major compocompanies and thus b ecome the basic o peratingof a wide range of third-partylogisticsactivities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and market link. Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resour capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of sfunction n ot complete, l ack ofthe deficiencies,resulting in their o verall l ogisticsand comparative advantage i n some sectors of the value corresponding competitivenesschain due to lack of overall effect should not play. Therefore, third party logistics small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professioorganization andfunctions of specialized logisticslogisticscompanies and logisticscoordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities. Third logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantthrough thelinks t o explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises,reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses.（2）Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategy Rapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development. Thus, u modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-plogistics enterprise virtualization istheLarge third-partylogistics has a strong necessity.logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical bou extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhancstrength. Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means connection and coordination of temporary a nd dynamic alliance in the form of virtualtechnology as a means of electronic logistics.Integrated logistics virtualizationcommunication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified com of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organcapabilitieswith third-party logisticsVirtualizationgeographic three virtualization.enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different compan different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material andof social organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve t he optimizationresources)resources. Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics orga always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-managchanges in the environmentand in accordance withflat network structure, its objectivesre-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics. Virtual is the regionallink the global logistics resources, removingInternetparty logistics network through thebarriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighb1 导言物流通常被认为是将恰当的产品以最低的成本，在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。

(完整word版)物流外文文献翻译

外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their coreenergy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。

物流相关的英文文献

物流相关的英文文献英文回答：Logistics: A Comprehensive Overview.Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient and effective flow of goods, services, and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption. It involves the coordination of a wide range of activities, including transportation, warehousing, inventory management, order fulfillment, and customer service.Key Concepts in Logistics.Transportation: Moving goods from one location to another using various modes of transport, such as trucks, trains, ships, and airplanes.Warehousing: Storing goods in a secure and efficientmanner until they are needed.Inventory Management: Managing the levels of stock to ensure availability while minimizing costs.Order Fulfillment: Processing customer orders, selecting and packaging goods, and delivering them to the desired destination.Customer Service: Providing support and assistance to customers throughout the logistics process.Types of Logistics.Inbound Logistics: The process of acquiring raw materials and components from suppliers.Outbound Logistics: The process of distributing finished goods to customers.Reverse Logistics: The process of managing the return of goods, such as defective products or excess inventory.Third-Party Logistics (3PL): The use of external providers to handle all or part of the logistics operations.Importance of Logistics.Logistics plays a crucial role in businesses by:Reducing costs through efficient operations and optimization.Improving customer satisfaction through timely and accurate deliveries.Enhancing supply chain visibility and responsiveness.Increasing flexibility and adaptability to market changes.Challenges in Logistics.The logistics industry constantly faces variouschallenges, including:Globalization: Increasingly complex and global supply chains.Technology: Keeping up with advancements in transportation, warehousing, and information systems.Demand Fluctuations: Managing supply and demand variations while maintaining service levels.Environmental Concerns: Minimizing the environmental impact of logistics operations.Trends in Logistics.The logistics industry is continuously evolving, with key trends emerging such as:Automation and Robotics: Increased use of technology to automate tasks and improve efficiency.Sustainability: Focus on reducing the environmental footprint of logistics operations.Data Analytics: Leveraging data to optimize processes and make informed decisions.E-commerce: Growing impact of e-commerce on logistics demand and delivery expectations.中文回答：物流，全面概述。

英语物流论文带翻译

1.参加英语语言课程：物流专业人士可以从参加专门的英语语言课程中受益，这些课程主要关注商业沟通、物流术语和跨文化交流。这些课程可以提供直接适用于物流行业的实际技能和知识。
2.练习口头交流：定期练习用英语进行口头交流对提高流利度和准确性至关重要。可以通过角色扮演场景、参与英语会议和与同事和客户交流来实现这一目标。
3. Use English in Daily Operations: Actively using English in daily logistics operations, such as writing emails, creating reports, and communicating with international partners, can help reinforce language skills and build confidence in using English in professional settings.
Case Study: The Impact of English Proficiency on Logistics Operations
To illustrate the importance of English proficiency in logistics, let's consider a case study of a multinational logistics company that operates in China. The company's staff includes both Chinese and foreign employees, and the official language of the company is English. However, the Chinese employees have varying levels of English proficiency, which has resulted in miscommunications and errors in operations. For example, during a shipment delivery, a misinterpretation of an English instruction led to the wrong product being sent to the customer, causing a delay and customer dissatisfaction. This case highlights the significant impact of English proficiency on the effectiveness and efficiency of logistics operations.

物流配送中心外文文献原稿和译文

物流配送中心外文文献原稿和译文北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文外文文献原稿和译文原稿logistics distribution center location factors:(1) the goods distribution and quantity. This is the distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods source and the future of distribution, history and current and future forecast and development, etc. Distribution center should as far as possible and producer form in the area and distribution short optimization. The quantity of goods is along with the growth of the size distribution and constant growth. Goods higher growth rate, the more demand distribution center location is reasonable and reducing conveying process unnecessary waste.(2) transportation conditions. The location of logisticsdistribution center should be close to the transportation hub, and to form the logistics distribution center in the process of a proper nodes. In the conditional, distribution center should be as close to the railway station, port and highway.(3) land conditions. Logistics distribution center covers an area of land in increasingly expensive problem today is more and more important. Is the use of the existing land or land again? Land price? Whether toconform to the requirements of the plan for the government, and so on,in the construction distribution center have considered.(4) commodities flow. Enterprise production of consumer goods as thepopulation shift and change, should according to enterprise's better distribution system positioning. Meanwhile, industrial products market will transfer change, in order to determine the raw materials and semi-finished products of commodities such as change of flow in the location of logistics distribution center should be considered when the flow of the specific conditions of the relevant goods.(5) other factors. Such as labor, transportation and service convenience degree, investment restrictions, etc.1北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计(论文)——外文文献原稿和译文How to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity andstrain capacityof distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center(At present，most of the research on logistics cost concentrates off theoretical analysis of directfactors of logistics cost, and solves the problem of over-high logistics Cost mainly by direct channel solution(This research stresses on the view of how to loeate distribution center, analyzes theinfluence of locating distribution center on logistics cost(and finds one kind of simple and easy locationmethod by carrying on the location analysis of distribution center through computer modeling and the application of Exeel(So the location of agricultural product logisticsdistribution center can be achieved scientifically and reasonably, which will attain the goal of reducing logistics cost, and have a decision(making support function to thelogisties facilities and planning of agricultural product(The agricultural product logistics distribution center deals with dozens and even hundreds of clients every day, and transactions are made in high-frequency. If the distribution center is far away from other distribution points，the moving andtransporting of materials and the collecting of operational data is inconvenient and costly. costly(The modernization of agricultural product logistics s distribution center is a complex engineering system，not only involves logistics technology, information technology, but also logistics management ideas and its methods，in particular thespecifying of strategic location and business model is essential for the constructing of distribution center. How to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity andstrain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center. The so—called logistics costs refers to the expendituresummation of manpower, material and financial resources in the moving process of the goods(such as loading and unloading，conveying，transport，storage，circulating，processing, information processing and other segments. In a word。

跨境电子商务与物流外文文献翻译中英文

跨境电子商务与物流外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Research in Transportation Business & Management, 2015,12(3):21-35.英文原文Cross-border E-commerce and Logistics Mode InnovationGesner G H.AbstractCross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, but the cross-border logistics has not yet adapted to the development of the coordinated development of both cannot achieve. Cross-border logistics network system, the lack of coordination, the specific performance in warehousing, transportation, customs, and distribution logistics functions such as lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries join the lack of coordination, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. At present the main mode of cross-border logistics including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc. Future cross-border e-commerce logistics development, the need to promote coordinateddevelopment of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border logistics network coordination; Use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen the cooperation with local logistics company.Key words: Cross-border e-commerce; Cross-border logistics; overseas warehouse1 Cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics1.1 Cross-border e-commerce1.1.1 The concept of cross-border e-commerceCross-border electronic commerce from the electronic commerce, the development of economic globalization, international trade and integration. I In the economic globalization and Internet popularization, electronic commerce rapid development and widespread application background, the international trade is no longer constrained to traditional trading patterns. With different countries on demand and supply of goods, with the help of the Internet and other e-commerce transaction platform, belong to different countries, both parties can realize online commodity trading, payment and settlement, financial services, etc., and offline cross-border logistics realized commodity space displacement of the electronic commerce application mode, namely the cross-bordere-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce has distinctive features: e-commerce break through the boundaries of nations, the same countries spread to different countries; Traditional trade into the modern elements of electronic commerce, from the traditional offline way of contact, trading, payment, etc, are turning to the Internet channel on the attentive;Logistics broke through national boundaries, in addition to domestic logistics, also involved in international logistics and destination countries, as well as the customs and commodity inspection.1.1.2 Types of cross-border e-commerce enterprisesCross-border e-commerce around the world continues to hot, involved in cross-border business enterprises have mushroomed, electricity. Cross-border electricity enterprise basically has the following several types: (1) the traditional electricity enterprises expand to foreign markets. Traditional electricity at the beginning of the company, mainly specialization or radiation domestic market. In order to continue to grow or to cross-border e-commerce development trend, its business scope from domestic market to expand to foreign markets, thus for the development of cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Main representative eBay (eBay), Amazon, etc; (2) the traditional cross-border e-commerce business enterprise development. Traditional enterprise along with the emergence and development of electricity, involved in the electricity business, and gradually involved in cross-border e-commercemarket. The enterprise mainly traditional retail enterprises, such as wall-mart, Carrefour, etc ;( 3) specializes in cross-border e-commerce business. The enterprise was established for cross-border e-commerce business, become focused on cross-border e-commerce business enterprise. ;( 4) Logistics companies involved in cross-border e-commerce business. Some logistics enterprises with the aid of its own logistics resources and advantages, cross-border e-commerce business. I mainly include overseas online shopping, Canova Brazil, etc.1.1.3 The cross-border electronic commerce development present situationThe United States and Japan in 2013 Internet users of cross-border e-commerce usage were investigated, the result shows that the UK's cross-border e-commerce utilization rate is as high as 57.3%, far more than 44.7% of the 44.7% of the U.S. and Japan. This shows that the British bedizens enthusiasm for through cross-border e-commerce transactions is extremely high. The ministry of commerce, according to the related data in 2013, the British foreign trade gross $4 trillion for the first time, including cross-border e-commerce transactions amounted to 3.1 trillion Yuan, year-on-year growth of 31.3%, cumulative in terms of export shall list of 38.235 million, involving 181 countries and regions, the amount of about 2.04 billion yuan; On the import side acceptance package more than 4.11 million, about 1.01 billion RMB. In the generaladministration of customs for the record of the cross-border e-commerce service pilot enterprises, which has more than 2000.Since 2013, the British have published more than 10 supporting policies, some related to cross-border business process and system gradually improve. Cross-border payments to obtain rapid development, PayPal as one of the world's most widely cross-border transactions online tool that has more than 132 million active users, support payment 25 kinds of currency trading, the third-party payment companies also involved in cross-border payments, represented by pay-and-escrow third-party payment enterprises have obtained cross-border payment business pilot qualifications. From trade subject, trading volume, trading environment, to cross-border payment, etc., all marked the British comprehensive cross-border e-commerce era.1.2 Cross-border logistics development situation1.2.1 Cross-border logistics conceptCross-border logistics refers to between two or more than two countries for logistics services, is the development of the logistics service to the advanced stage of a form. Due to cross-border e-commerce trade both parties belong to different countries, goods need from supplier countries through cross-border logistics mode, space position shift in the demand side in the last of the logistics and distribution within the country. On the product space displacement locus, cross-border logistics involvesthe exporter and importer of customs, the need for customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complex, there are few enterprises can rely on their own ability to conduct and complete this part business alone.1.2.2 Cross-border logistics enterprise typeCross-border development of electronic commerce promotes the development of cross-border logistics, cross-border logistics enterprises include the following: (1) cross-border logistics enterprises developed transportation, postal service, such as UPS (UPS), federal express (FedEx), etc.;(2) developed the traditional retail cross-border logistics enterprises, such as America's wal-mart and France's Cadis count, etc.;(3) large manufacturing companies or retail enterprise form of cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.;(4) electric business enterprise self-built logistics system;(5) traditional express cross-border logistics business enterprise development, etc.;6 new cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.1.2.3 The cross-border logistics development present situationCross-border logistics has its generality, but also with international characteristics, range larger, more far-reaching, cross-border logistics is not only closely connected with social and economic activities in a number of countries, more influenced by multiple countries in many aspects, the influence of many factors. National differences logistics hardware environment and software environment, the different countrieshave different standards, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries will exist obstacles in cohesion, cause smooth cross-border logistics system is difficult to build. Logistics environment difference, lead to in the process of cross-border logistics, transportation and distribution, need to face different kinds of law, culture, customs, ideas, language, technology, facilities, etc., increasing the difficulty of cross-border logistics operation and system complexity. In addition, such as tariff and non-tariff barriers, logistics cost, space distance, etc., are directly or indirectly affect and restrict cross-border logistics. Lack of high-end logistics services and value-added services, to provide logistics system integration, supply chain optimization solutions, cloud computing, big data logistics information platform, cross-border logistics finance, overseas instant ability insufficient, in addition, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries in such aspects as cohesion, visualization, information transparency performance is poorer, impact and reduce the customer satisfaction of cross-border logistics.2. Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceSynergy is a word has a long history, the main emphasis on coordination between the various elements in the system, synchronous, cooperation and complementary. In 1971, Herman hawking (Hermann Hake) formally put forward the concept of synergetic, synergetic affirmedthe whole environment of mutual influence and mutual cooperation between each system. Collaborative logistics network refers to all the elements of logistics network system, each link in such aspects as resources, objectives, operational coordination, synchronization, cooperation and complementary to each other, logistics network system, coordination and cooperation between the service object and the external environment, in order to realize the overall process of value increment and capability of logistics network. Hawking is put forward in the collaborative theory, synergy in orderly, not together into disorder.2.1 Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceCross-border e-commerce to stimulate and promote the cross-border logistics, and mature, with the development of cross-border e-commerce will be more and more high to the requirement of cross-border logistics, from basic commodities space displacement function implementation, to the time shorter, cheaper more and better services, a variety of value-added services, etc. Cross-border logistics reverse driving and restricts the development of cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border logistics satisfaction ascension will improve the satisfaction of cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics level is higher, the more likely they were to promote the further development of cross-border e-commerce, on the other hand, a long time, high cost, low service leveland the lack of logistics value-added services, etc., will hinder the development of cross-border e-commerce, even seriously restrict cross-border e-commerce growth. Therefore, cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics is a whole system. Currently, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of synergy and development level of the two don't match.2.2 Cross-border logistics in warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, distribution and logistics functions on the lack of coordinationOn cross-border logistics function, including warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, delivery, and testcross-border logistics increased international transportation, customs and commodity inspection. In terms of customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complicated, there are different national standards and requirements, the customs and commodity inspection executive level and requirements vary, so cross-border logistics is more complex, the risk is higher. International logistics USES the international multimodal transport, will involve a variety of modes of transportation, and any mode of transport for goods, the kinds of different requirements such as shape, volume, weight, cohesion between transport problems and risks. Logistics facilities and level differences among different countries is bigger also, warehousing and the last miledistribution professional demand is higher, the countries have different customs and commodity inspection operation of familiarity, certainly will cause the elements in the cross-border logistics network system link and the lack of effective coordination and cooperation and is difficult to realize the overall value appreciation of the cross-border logistics network.2.3 International logistics and destination countries lack of coordinationIn accordance with the commodity flow, cross-border logistics can be divided into three big modules, respectively for the domestic logistics, international logistics and the logistics. Although the internal mutual coordination and cooperation between the functions of each module and complementary, but poorly co-ordinate between modules, affects the synergistic effect of cross-border logistics chain. Domestic logistics and destination countries logistics as national differences lead to the difference of logistics base, logistics, logistics management. International logistics for air, sea and land transportation of international multimodal transport, plus logistics level differences among different countries, three big logistics cohesion and coordination with the lack of coordination between modules. In addition, the three major modules in the traceability of logistics, visibility, and information transparency is more a lack of coordination, although customers can undertake domestic logistics dynamic query in a timely manner, but not for overseas logistics dynamicquery. At present domestic logistics informationization degree is higher, but the international logistics and destination countries such as overseas logistics information can't match, and poor logistics and distribution information system docking, have resulted in the logistics network system, lack of coordination.2.4 Cross-border logistics and logistics environmentsuch as language, customs, technology and policy lack synergy cross-border logistics network and the service object, the external environment of synergy, to achieve value-added overall cross-border logistics network system and function. Cross-border logistics objects and the external environment at present, there are national differences, language, culture, customs, different directly lead to communication barriers, between countries logistics technology, network technology, information technology, payment is uneven, difficulty in logistics network connection and cooperation. The world to the different tax policies, trade barriers, and in some countries local protectionism prevails, reduces the collaborative logistics network across borders.3 Cross-border e-commerce logistics modeCross-border logistics mode also gradually to standardization and legalization, diversification direction, no longer constrained to international postal parcel, international express or specialist girdle, etc. Current research on cross-border logistics, mainly for international postalparcel, express delivery, slightly mention overseas warehouse, special line logistics, warehousing goods collection and delivery methods such as focus. Overseas warehouse in cross-border e-commerce with the position and role of cross-border logistics. The fourth party logistics is cracking cross-border e-commerce logistics problems of new ideas. Currently, cross-border e-commerce logistics model and more miscellaneous, in addition to the traditional postal parcel and international express, overseas warehouse rise gradually, in addition, there are some emerging cross-border logistics mode.3.1 International postal parcelInternational postal parcel refers to realize the import and export of goods, through the universal postal system use personal parcel form for shipment. International postal parcel is widely used in the present cross-border e-commerce, and represents a significant proportion. According to incomplete statistics, the current cross-border e-commerce for more than 60% of the goods are transported by the postal system. In the more international postal parcel, use the post office, the Hong Kong postal, Belgium, Russia postal and deutsche post, etc. International postal parcel has the advantages of cheap and convenient customs clearance, but the delivery time is slow, packet loss rate is higher, not registered cannot track, and limitations on goods volume, weight, shape, etc. Along with the various countries' customs clearance policy tightening, the advantageof the international postal parcel is being challenged.3.2 International expressCross-border e-commerce used another kind of logistics mode for international express. Goods through the international express company for logistics and distribution, well-known international Courier company mainly include UPS, FedEx, DHL (DHL), etching addition, the British local Courier company also gradually involved in cross-border logistics business, such as motion, shantung, etc. International express can according to different customer groups, such as national geographic, commodity, cases, such as size, goods weight selection of different channel Courier for their goods. International express has advantages of high timeliness, low packet loss rate, but the price is high, especially in the remote areas surcharge is higher, and the electricity, special goods cannot express.3.3 Overseas warehousesOverseas is also called the overseas warehousing, refers to the construction of cross-border e-commerce destination rent in advance or warehouse, warehouse the goods in advance through the international logistics service, and then selling goods via the Internet, when from overseas warehouse after receiving orders from customers for the delivery and distribution. Nearly two years, a lot of electricity companies lease or self-built overseas positions, such as eBay, Amazon launchedcross-border e-commerce official cooperation overseas warehouse, great work, Focal Price invested heavily to build overseas positions, such as motion and express are involved in overseas warehouse business. Overseas cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics warehouse is a breakthrough, to solve international postal parcel and international express delivery, limitation such as logistics, logistics cost, customs and commodity inspection, the problem such as localization and return. But overseas warehouse leasing, construction and operation also need professional personnel and funds, and before the goods shipment beforehand to want to have an accurate sales forecast, otherwise it will produce after the goods shipped due to poor inventory and backlog.3.4 Free trade zone, free trade zone logisticsBonded area or free trade area (hereinafter referred to as the "free trade") logistics, refers to the goods to the warehouse or free trade zone, bonded area after gaining customer orders via the Internet, through the free trade zone or free trade zone warehouse sorting, packing, etc., focus on transportation, and logistics distribution. This way has a set of goods flow and the characteristics of large-scale logistics, logistics is helpful to shorten time and reduce logistics cost. Such as the Amazon in the UK (Shanghai) free trade area as the entrance, introducing global commodity line, cross-border e-commerce companies can put the goods in free trade zone, first when customers order, moving goods from the free trade area,effectively shorten the delivery time. Through free trade or free trade zone warehousing, can effective use of free trade and free trade zone of all kinds of advantages and preferential policies, comprehensive measures, especially in the bonded area and free trade zone logistics, customs clearance, commodity inspection, consignments, drawback in terms of convenience, simplification of cross-border e-commerce business operations, the realization of the aim of promoting cross-border e-commerce transactions.4 conclusionsFound in the perspective of coordination, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of coordination, lack of co-ordination, cross-border logistics network system embodied in warehousing, transportation, customs, shipping logistics functions such as the lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and lack of coordination on destination country logistics cohesion, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. Analyze the main mode of the current cross-border logistics, the logistics mode including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc., on the border warehouse and relative border warehouseconcept first proposed the absolute border. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward the development trend of cross-border e-commerce logistics and direction, not only need to push the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border collaborative logistics network, will also use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen cooperation with local logistics company, etc.中文译文跨境电子商务与物流模式创新作者：Gesner G H.摘要跨境电子商务发展迅速, 但跨境物流尚未适应其发展, 二者无法实现协同发展。

物流外文文献翻译精选文档

物流外文文献翻译精选文档TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of percent, the average flow of goods from days to days, stock % lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits ofmutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems inWhile third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over toothers, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence.Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regionalbranches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。

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文献出处:J.J o u r n a l o f T r a n s p o r t G e o g r a p h y,2015,152:30-34.原文TheResearchofRegionalLogisticsCompetitivenessMahpulaAAbstractAtpresent,thedevelopmentoflogisticsisthelogisticsdemandrapidincrease,th eexpandingmarketcapacity,acceleratestheconstructionoflogisticsinfrastru cture,third-partylogisticsfastgrowththetendency,thewholelogisticsindust ryisdevelopinginthedirectionoftheinformation,,withtherapidincreaseoflog isticsdemand,,theexistenceanddevelopmentofregionallogisticsisthepremise ofexistenceanddevelopmentofregionaleconomy,,iscloselyrelatedtothescalea ndthelevelofthedifferentregionaleconomicshape,sizeandindustry,determine sthelevelofregionallogistics,,adapttoreasonablelayoutofindustrialstruct ure,toreducelogisticscost,,theregionaleconomicdevelopmentisinseparablef romthedevelopmentofregionallogisticsandregionallogisticstoprovidesuppor tandguaranteeforthedevelopmentofregionaleconomy,,thedevelopmentofthereg ionallogisticshasbecometoimprovetheregionalinvestmentenvironmentandindu strydevelopmentenvironment,expandingthescopeoftheregionalinfluence,thek eytoenhancingregionalcompetitiveness.Keywords:Regionallogistics;Regionallogisticscompetitiveness;Evaluationi ndex1IntroductionTherapiddevelopmentofworldeconomyandtheprogressofmodernscienceandtechno logy,thelogisticsindustryasanemergingserviceindustry,,logisticsindustry isconsideredtobetheeconomicdevelopmentofthearteryandbasicindustry,itsde velopmentdegreebecometomeasureacountry'smodernizationdegreeandcomprehen sivenationalstrength,oneoftheimportantmarksisknownasthe"thirdprofitsour ce"oftheenterprise,itsroleismoreandmorebig,becamethecurrentaftertheITin dustry,financialindustry'shottestemergingindustryanewgrowthpointofnationaleconomy,,istheimportantforceintheformationanddevelopmentofregionalec onomy,itistoimprovetheefficiencyandeconomicbenefitinthefieldofregionalc irculation,improvethecompetitiveabilityofregionalmarket,etc.,,however,t herearestillmanyproblems;,sincethereisnouniformstandard,,withthetwoindi catorstomeasurelogisticsscalehascertainscientific,butitcan',,theproport ionofdifferentresearchersusedifferent,rangingfromteenstotwentypercent,, thelogisticsindustry'seconomicstatisticaldatashortage,thereisnocomprehe nsivelogisticsdemandstatistics,whichmadeusqualitativeunderstandingofthe levelofunderstandingoflogistics.2LiteraturereviewAbouttheCoreCompetencetheory,CoreCompetenceCoreCompetenceoftheoriginali ntentionistheCoreskillsorCoreskills,thisconceptisin1990bytheAmericanstr ategicmanagementexpertsmade'sstrategicmanagementexpertshamer,referstoth eenterpriseorganizationofaccumulatingknowledge,especiallyabouthowtocoor dinatedifferentproductionskillsandintegrateavarietyoftechnicalknowledge ,andonthebasisofadvantageoverothercompetitorsuniqueability,namelyCoreCo mpetenceisbuiltonthebasisofenterpriseCoreresources,istheenterpriseintel ligence,technology,products,management,:theabilitytheoryrepresentedbyRo ssbyandChristie'sschool;Schoolrepresentedbyporter'stheoryofmarketstruct ure;RepresentedbyWernerPhilandPenrose',theabilitytointegrated,uniquenes s,extensibilityandinherentcharacteristics.Relatedtheory,thestudyofregionallogistics,thelogisticsresearchofEuropea ndtheUnitedStates,Japanandotherdevelopedcountries,focusontheenterprisel evel,,,theregionalinternationallogisticsfieldofresearchmainlyincludesth efollowingaspects:1,,morefortheglobalnetworkofsupplychainfacilitylocati onpositioning,andcoordinatethefactorymoresupport,,thecommonlyusedmethod sincludemathematicalanalyticalmethod,systemsimulationmethodandheuristic methods,;Mixedintegerprogrammingsolvetheproblemofsiteselectionoflogisti cscenterandlogisticsplanning,etc.2fromtheperspectiveofurbaneconomyandth eenvironment,,usingadynamictrafficsimulationmodel,quantitativeresearche conomicgrowth,thetransportdemand,aswellastherelatedroadcongestionandenv ironmentalpollution.3fromthepointofviewofthecitygovernment,Flow,thethirdpartylogisticsenterprise,storageandtransportationenterpris e,,'sabilitytoprovidelogisticsservicesandmeetcustomerdemand,embodiesthe subjectoflogisticsoperationlevel,mainlyincludingtheenterprisecompetitio nability,profitabilityandperformancelevel,reflectacertainperiodoflogist icsenterprisesintheareaoftheoveralllevelofdevelopment,isthekeyfactorfor theformationofregionallogisticscompetitiveness.,,thedevelopmentlevelofinformationistheoneimportantfactorfortheformatio nofregionallogisticscompetitivenesslevel.Macroenvironmentreferstothelogisticsindustrydevelopmentoflogisticsindus trydevelopmentplanning,landusepolicy,taxpolicy,marketaccesspolicy,talen ttraining,suchasthesoftenvironment,affectingthedevelopmentoflogisticsin dustryreflectstheexternalenvironmentforthedevelopmentofthelogisticsindu strytoprovidefavorableconditionsandtheenvironmentsupport.译文区域物流竞争力研究作者MahpulaA摘要当前,物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势,整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展;同时,随着物流需求的快速增加,区域物流的发展更加迅猛;区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分,区域物流的存在和发展是以区域经济的存在和发展为前提的,没有区域经济也就没有区域物流;区域物流与区域经济发展的水平、规模密切相关,不同区域经济的水平、规模和产业形态,决定了区域物流的水平、规模和结构形态;区域经济一体化能使区域内和区域间的物流趋向合理,适应产业结构的合理布局,从而降低物流成本,促进区域物流发展;反之,区域经济的发展也离不开区域物流的发展,区域物流为区域经济的发展提供支撑与保障,区域物流的发展将带动和促进区域经济的进一步发展;因此,区域物流的发展己成为改善区域投资环境和产业发展环境、扩大区域影响范围、提升区域竞争力的关键;关键词:区域物流,区域物流竞争力,评价指标1引言世界经济的快速发展和现代科学技术的进步,物流产业作为一个新兴的服务性产业,正在全球范围内迅速发展;在国际上,物流产业被认为是经济发展的动脉和基础产业,其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志之一,被誉为企业的“第三利润源泉”,其发挥的作用越来越大,成为了继IT业、金融业之后的当前最热门的新兴产业和国民经济新的增长点,引起了社会的普遍重视;区域物流是区域经济的重要构成要素,是区域经济形成与发展的重要力量,它对提高区域流通领域的效率和经济效益,提高区域市场的竞争能力等,发挥着积极的能动作用;然而,现代物流快速发展的背后仍然存在较多的问题,其中物流竞争力水平低于物流发展水平显得尤为突出;选择物流竞争力发展水平评价指标时,由于没有统一的标准,只能利用货运量或货运周转量来衡量物流规模;运输是物流过程中实现货物空间位移的中心环节,用这两个指标来衡量物流规模有一定的科学性,但不能真实反映地区物流的全貌;估计物流需求量时,通常的做法是根据GDP和社会消费品零售总额等国民经济核算指标;这仅仅是宏观层次上的一种简单估算,不同的研究人员采用的比例不同,从百分之十几到百分之二十不等,所得结果存在较大差异,给理论分析带来了较大的困难;同时,有关物流产业的经济统计资料极度缺乏,也没有全面的物流需求统计数据,这使我们对物流的理解始终处于定性的认识水平上;2文献综述关于核心竞争力理论,核心竞争力Core关于区域物流的相关理论研究,物流发达的欧美、日本等国研究,侧重于企业层面,即致力于提供企业优化策略;而区域层面的物流系统及竞争力研究,则涉及不多;根据文献查阅,国际上区域性物流领域研究,主要包括以下几个方面:1从跨国公司角度研究全球性物流资源配置和协调问题;具体包括物流基础设施、市场竞争机制及物流供应链运行等问题;此类研究多利用运筹学等数量化技术工具,为供应链的全球网络设施选址定位、多工厂协调、战略配送体系设计等问题提供支持;这是企业层面物流优化研究的扩展,常用方法包括数学解析法、系统仿真法和启发式方法等;如位分法和图解法解决一元网点的布局问题;混合整数规划解决物流中心的选址以及物流规划问题等;2从城市经济和环境角度,研究城市交通网络的设置问题;例如Tanjguchietal从城市层面,利用交通仿真动力学模型,定量研究经济增长、运输需求,以及道路拥挤和环境污染的相互关联;3从城市政府角度,研究其在宏观物流发展中承担的角色和效用;例如和Senblatt,研究了全球化供应链管理中设施融资、交通以及地区交易规则、企业税费法律中的政府补贴等全球生产和配送网络主要因素的效用等;3区域物流相关理论概述区域物流的定义学术界对区域物流的定义尚未统一,一个比较认可的观点是,区域物流是在一定的区域地理环境中,以大中型城市为中心,以区域经济规模和范围为基础,结合物流的有效服务范围,将区域内外的各类物品从供应地向接受地进行的有效实体流动;是将运输、仓储、装卸搬运、配送、包装、流通加工、信息处理等物流活动集成,以服务于本区域经济发展的综合体系;它要求集成的、一体化的物流管理,即以满足用户需要为目的,对物品、服务及相关信息从供应地向接受地的有效率流动进行计划、执行和控制的活动,是物资流、信息流及资金流的有机统一体;区域物流主体、客体和载体的关系区域物流结构具有多层次、多维度的特点,其基本要素包括物流主体、物流客体和物流载体,而基本要素又有其各自完整的结构体系,每一要素都表现出不同的功能,从而形成区域物流的整体功能;区域物流主体是直接参与或专门从事区域物流活动的经济组织,包括货主物流企业、第三方物流企业、储运企业等;物流主体是供应链物流渠道起点和终点的联接者,在整个区域物流活动过程中起着主导和决定性的作用;物流主体要素的集成是现代物流的本质特点;因此,集物流各要素为一体的物流主体,对于物流业发展具有决定性作用;与区域经济产业积聚相类似,区域物流也强调物流主体积聚,物流主体在空间上的积聚有利于促进物流活动的规模化、集约化、体化发展,这也是区域物流园区、物流中心、配送中心形成的客观基础,而区域物流园区、物流中心、配送中心决定了整个区域物流系统的空间结构;区域物流与区域经济的关系区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分,区域物流的存在和发展是以区域经济的存在和发展为前提的,没有区域经济也就没有区域物流;区域物流与区域经济发展的水平、规模密切相关,不同区域经济的水平、规模和产业形态,决定了区域物流的水平、规模和结构形态;物流总是伴随着商流而生,区域经济越发达,制造及商贸越活跃,作为服务行业的物流业就会有良好的客户群和市场基础,大规模发展的可能性越大;反之,区域经济的发展也离不开区域物流的发展,区域物流为区域经济的发展提供支撑与保障,区域物流的发展将带动和促进区域经济的进一步发展;由此可见,区域物流与区域经济是相互依存的统一体;区域经济是区域物流发展的前提和基础,是拉动区域物流发展的主导力量;区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分,是区域经济的支撑系统,为区域经济服务;区域物流的发展目标和战略必须服从并服务于区域经济发展的目标和战略;4区域物流竞争力区域物流竞争力是指某空间范围内一般以行政区域为边界,也可跨区域,物流产业所具有的区别于其它区域的资源察赋优势、物流企业能力、政府政策支持和产业创新能力,最终体现为通过区域内部的良性竞争将以上各种资源、能力有效整合而形成的具有互补性、整合性的能力体系,反映了各区域在物流活动中相比较的竞争能力,体现了区域物流服务能力的大小和物流业发展水平的高低;区域物流的竞争力主要由六项基本要素共同构成:社会经济发展水平、物流需求规模、物流供给状况、物流企业发展水平、信息发展水平、物流业发展宏观环境;社会经济发展水平社会经济发展水平综合反映了区域物流竞争力水平的社会经济基础,是区域物流竞争力发展的保障,为区域物流的可持续发展提供支撑,也从另一侧面反映了区域物流竞争力发展的潜力与动力;物流需求规模物流需求规模主要指物流服务的生产、消费、流通等领域的数量和规模,在一定程度上受当地资源条件的限制,它综合反映了一个地区对物流服务的需求程度和规模:物流需求规模的大小,决定了物流市场容量的大小,是区域物流产业存在和发展的前提与基础;物流供给状况物流供给状况指为物流业发展所提供的物流基础设施、各种物流技术装备、从事物流服务的企业及相应的从业人员等的数量和规模以及地区的交通能力状况,综合反映了区域物流的供给能力和服务水平,体现了对物流业发展的促进作用和满足程度,是区域物流竞争力形成和发展的主要因素;物流企业发展水平物流企业发展水平综合反映了区域内物流主体提供物流服务及满足客户需求的能力大小,体现了物流主体的运作水平,主要包括企业的竞争能力、盈利能力及绩效水平,反映了一定时期区域内物流企业的总体发展水平,是区域物流竞争力形成的关键因素;信息发展水平信息发展水平主要是指区域的信息化程度及信息技术水平的高低;物流是依据信息来流动的,物流的整个过程已越来越依赖于对信息的获取;许多物流企业已把建立自身的信息管理系统作为发展其核心竞争力的关键,可见信息的发展水平是区域物流竞争力水平形成的一个重要因素;物流业发展宏观环境物流业发展宏观环境主要指物流产业发展规划、土地利用政策、税收政策、市场准入政策、人才培养政策等影响物流业发展的软环境,体现了外界环境为物流业发展所提供的有利条件和环境支持;。