物流外文文献翻译

外文文献原稿和译文

原稿

Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "

Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.

Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.

According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.

First, the advantages of using a third-party logistics

The use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core business

Manufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core

energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.

2, cost-saving

Professional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.

3, reduction of inventory

Third-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.

4, enhance the corporate image

Third-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.

Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at

the right time and suitable sites available to customers.

Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.

Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:

1, resistance to change

Many companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.

2, lack of awareness

For third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the

competition.

3, fear of losing control

As a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexity

Supply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.

5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factors

Accurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.

Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered

A successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.

China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:

1, operating model

At present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.

2, the lack of storage or transport capacity

The primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problems

There are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.

4, information technology

The world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.

Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of

enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.

译文

物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。美国物流管理协会物流被定义为：“物流是为满足消费者的需求，原料，中间产品，最终产品及相关信息的消费者从一开始就有效流动和储存，实施和控制的过程中。”

物流由四个主要部分：真正的流量，实时存储，管理，协调的信息流。物流的主要功能是创建时间和空间的有效性的主要方式，通过存储以克服空间距离。

第三方物流在物流渠道由经纪人提供的服务，中间商的合同的形式在一定期限内的时间要求提供全部或部分物流服务。是为外部客户管理，控制和提供物流服务的公司运作的第三方物流公司。

据统计，目前在欧洲使用第三方物流服务的比例为76％，美国是58％左右，而需求仍在增长，24％在欧洲和美国33％的非第三方物流服务用户正积极考虑使用第三方物流服务。作为第三方物流提高速度的物流，仓储成本和财务储蓄路人成本的有效手段，已成为越来越备受关注。

首先，使用第三方物流的优势

使用第三方物流企业可以带来很多好处，主要体现在：

1，专注于核心业务

制造商可以使用一个第三方物流公司，以达到最佳的资源，有限的人力和财力资源分布集中于自己的核心能量，注重基本技能的发展，开发新的产品在世界上的竞争，并增强企业的核心竞争力的企业。

2，节约成本的

专业的第三方物流供应商，大规模生产的专业优势和成本优势，通过提供链路容量的利用率，实现节约成本，使企业可以受益于成本结构分离。制造企业扩大营销服务任何程度的深入参与，将带来成本大幅增加，只有使用专业服务，提供公共服务，以尽量减少额外的损失。田纳西大学根据与美国，英国及美国EXEL公司EMST＆YOUNG 咨询公司共同组织了一个调查：很多货物，使他们能够使用第三方物流的物流成本平均下降1.18 ％，货物平均流量从7.1天到3.9天，库存下降8.2％。

3，减少库存

第三方物流服务供应商精心策划的物流和及时交付手段，最大限度地降低库存，提高现金流的企业，以实现成本优势。

4，提升企业形象

第三方物流服务提供商与客户的战略合作伙伴关系，利用完备的设施和训练有素的工作人员的第三方物流供应商在整个供应链实现完全的控制，减少物流的复杂性，通过自己的网络，以帮助提高客户服务，不仅要树立自己的品牌形象，但也有客户在竞争中。

二，实施物流管理的目的

实施物流管理的目的就是以最低的总成本条件下实现既定水平的客户服务，或服务优势，寻求成本优势的一种动态平衡，从而创造有竞争力的企业的战略优势。根据这一目标，物流管理要解决的基本问题，简单地说，是合适的产品在合适的时间和合适的地点提供给客户的数量和合适的价格，以适应。

物流管理系统使用的方法来解决这个问题。通常被认为是现代物流运输，仓储，包装，装卸，流通加工，配送和信息的所有组成部分。都有自己的原有的功能，利益和观念的一部分。系统方法是运用现代管理方法和现代技术，使各方面的信息共享在一般情况下，作为一个集成系统的组织和管理的所有环节，从而使该系统可以尽可能低的条件下，总成本，提供有竞争优势的客户服务。系统方法，该系统的有效性是不是他们的各种本地链路有效的简单相加。系统意味着，有一个某些方面的问题，并希望所有的因素影响的分析和评价。从物流系统的这种想法是不单纯追求对自己在各个领域，以最低的成本，因为物流的好处之间的联系，相互影响，相互制约的倾向，有转之间的关系漏洞。例如，过分强调包装材料的节约，它可能会造成的损害，因为他们容易运输和处理成本增加。因此，系统的方法，强调有必要开展的总成本分析，以避免第二个最好的效果，并权衡成本进行了分析，从而达到以最低的成本，同时满足既定水平的客户服务目的。

三，中国的企业在使用第三方物流的问题

虽然第三方物流公司有很多优点，但没有多少企业将更多的物流业务外包，原因可归结为：

1，变革的阻力

很多企业不想要的方式，通过物流外包的力度，改变目前的模式。尤其是一些国有企业，

流量也将意味着解雇外包了大量的员工，国有企业的管理者将意味着很大的风险。2，缺乏认识

对于第三方物流企业的认识水平普遍偏低，缺乏意识的企业供应链管理的企业在竞争中的巨大作用。

3，害怕失去控制

实施供应链企业提升竞争力的重要作用，许多公司宁愿有一个小而完整的物流部门，他们不喜欢这些功能将被移交给别人，主要的原因是由于它担心如果失去内部物流能力，客户将交流与其他第三方物流公司的过度依赖。

4，物流外包有其自身的复杂性

供应链物流业务的公司以及其他服务，如财务，营销或生产的综合物流外包本身的复杂性。在一些实际业务，包括运输和存储的整合可能会导致组织，行政和执行的问题。此外，公司的内部信息系统集成功能，使得物流企业向第三方物流企业已经变得非常难以操作。

5，衡量物流外包的效果受多种因素

准确测量的成本信息技术，物流和人力资源更加困难。这是很难确定物流外包的企业到底能够带来多少潜在的好东西的成本。此外，该公司的业务及企业供应链运作能力的独特性，通常不被认为是内部到外部的公共信息，这是很难准确地比较公司间的供应链运作能力。

虽然有些厂家已经意识到使用第三方物流公司可以带来很多好东西，但在实际应用中往往分为几个步骤，同时选择一批物流服务供应商作为合作伙伴，以避免业务依赖所带来的物流服务供应商。

四，中国的第三方物流企业在发展中遇到的问题

一个成功的物流公司，运营商必须有一个较大的规模，建立有效的区域覆盖面积，高水准的综合技术，财务资源和经营战略具有强大的指挥和控制中心。

中国第三方物流企业在发展中遇到的问题可以概括如下：

1，经营模式

目前，世界上最大的物流公司大多数采取总行及分行系统，总部集中式物流运作，采取垂直业务管理的实施。建立现代物流企业必须有一个强大的，灵活的指挥和控制中心来控制整个物流运作和协调。雷亚尔必须是一个现代化的物流中心，利润中心，企业组织，框架，体制形式，每场比赛的中心。中国物流企业的经营模式的问题，国

外物流企业的管理模式应该是从国内物流企业。

2，缺乏储存或运输能力

物流的主要功能是建立时间和空间的实用程序盗窃。对于现在中国的第三方物流企业，一些公司专注于储存，运输能力不足，其他公司是一个小租用仓库来完成对社会的承诺，客户在全国各地大量的运输车辆和仓库。

3，网络问题,

有几个大公司拥有的物流的整车货物存储网络或网络，但网络覆盖范围是不完美的。客户在选择物流合作伙伴，都非常关心的网络覆盖和网络区域分支机构的密度问题。网络的建设应该重视物流企业。

4，信息技术

全球最大的物流企业“的三级网络”，即定单信息流，资源，全球供应链网络，用户的全球资源网络和计算机信息网络。随着先进的计算机技术的管理，这些客户是生产高附加值产品的企业的物流，国内物流企业必须增加投资于信息系统，可以改变自己的市场地位。

集中和整合是第三方物流企业的发展趋势。原因是：首先，公司拟以尽可能少的几家物流公司的供应链外包的主要方面;第二，建立高效的全球第三方物流投入增加资本所需;第三，许多第三方物流供应商通过兼并和联合的方法来扩大其服务能力。