高中英语 高中语法重点：名词性从句总结

名词性从句

主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词,因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

一:名词性从句的引导词

1;连接词:that, if, whether.只起引导作用,在句中不充当任何成分.其中that不翻译出来,没有任何含义;而if和whether翻译成”是否”。Eg: That this has happened is not uncertain.

We cannot be sure whether /if our dreams will come true.

2:连接代词:who, , whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever.在句中要充当主语,宾语,表语.I wonder what you are thinking about.

Can you imagine what will happen next?

My hometown is not what it used to be.

3;连接副词:where, when, how, why, how soon, how often, how long, how much.在句中充当相应的状语.

When he will hold the meeting has been decided.

This is how Henry solved the problem.

二:名词性从句的分类与引导词

一):主语从句

主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有,that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, why等。

Whether we will succeed is still a question.

Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.

注:1. 主语从句的主谓一致

1).主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.

That they will come is certain

2).由who, whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定. Whoever say that are to be punished.

Who he is doesn’t concer n me.

3).What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants are these books.

What he wants is some water

2. 有时为了平衡句式,常用it 做形式主语,而把从句放在后面.

It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.

It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.

It is believed that he is a talent

二).宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导宾语从句的词有,that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, why等。宾语从句一般放在动词,形容词或介词后。

She has told us (that) she will give us a hand.

He asked me how I was getting along with my new classmates.

I’m afraid that I have made a mistake.

I was interested in what he was doing.

注:1. 有时要用it 作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。

1

He has made it clear that he will not give in.

You may depend on it that they are valuable.

2. 如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,疑问词要放在居首。

What do you think is going on outside?

When do you believe he will held the meeting

3. I/We (don’t) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句时,反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。

I don’t suppose he cares, does he?

4. that引导,通常that可以省略(但that引导其他名词性从句时不可省略)

She has told us (that) she will give us a hand.

三).表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,引导表语从句的词有,that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, because等。表语从句一般放在系动词后。The reason is that I’v e been too busy these d ays.

That is where he spent his childhood.

The coat is where you left it.

三).同位语从句的概念

在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的词有,that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why等.常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information suggestion, possibility 等名词后面,用以说明该名词的具体内容。

I heard the news that our team had won.

We haven’t settled the question where we will spend our holidays.

The question who should do the work requires consideration .

2.有时用namely(即),that is to say(也就是说),that is (那就是)等引出同位语或同位语从句。There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more.

He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.

三:名词性从句的难点和考点

1.语序问题。名词性从句要用陈述语序

The photographs will show you what our village looks like

You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news

2:引导词that和what的区别

What在从句中要充当主语,宾语或表语,这时what相当于all that/everything that等常译作“所…..的(东西,事情,话等)”。而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,that引导主语从句放在居首时不能省略。

What I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind.

That the earth is round is known to us all.

2.引导词if 和whether的区别

if 和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时可以通用,但介词后的宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句不能用if引导。

I don’t care if/whether he will come to my party.

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

Whether she will go home or not is unknown.