高中英语牛津上海版高中二年级第—学期 定语从句讲解及巩固练习(有答案)

定语从句一、概念：修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）The man（who lives next to us ）sells vegetable.You must do everything（that I can do）.二、要点：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：①先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

②关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as, whose等关系词的分类:关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)1. 引导定语从句关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分三、基础知识学习：I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句1.指人的关系代词: who / whom / that先行词在从句中作主语：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.先行词在从句中作宾语：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.2. 指物的关系代词: which / that先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.关系代词前有介词：Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.总结：⑴关系代词中在从句中充当主语的是which、that、who且在句中不可以省略。

⑵关系代词中在从句中充当宾语的是which、that、who、whom且可以省略。

⑶当关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用whom，指物只能用which。

⑷which 只能指物，who\whom 只能指人，that既可指人又可指物。

3. 表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)表示人的所有：The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.表示物的所有：I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.4. as作关系代词的用法as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。

当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。

Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.注意：the same…as… vs the same…that…指代相似的人或物指同一人或物This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it?This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.such…as… vs such…that…It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.区别:as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，区别：which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”as 可以放在句首，句中，句末，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn outAs is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.记住下列表格II. 关系副词where when why引导的定语从句Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? (where=at which)There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when=during which)The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when=in which)They didn’t explain the reason wh y they had canceled the rehearsal. (why=for which)（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词+ 关系代词）注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。

判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。

以the city为例(1) This is the city that/which I visited last year.分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语(2) This is the city where I lived last year.分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。

四、考点梳理I. 关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的情况：1) 当先行词被为不定代词。

如：There is nothing (that) I can say about it.2）先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

如：This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen.3）先行词被the only或the very修饰时。

如：The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help.Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?4) 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。

如：The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall. 5）被修饰的先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。

如：I am interested in all that you have told me.There isn’t much that I can do.He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.6）先行词既包含人又包含物时。

例如：They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.7）先行词是疑问代词时。

如：Which is the book that he bought yesterday?Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?8）先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。

如：This is no longer the place that it used to be.He is not the man that he was.II. 关系代词只能用which不用that 的情况1. 引导非限制性定语从句时,2. 当关系代词做介词宾语时,He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.在上一例句中,引导词“which”作了介词“in”的宾语,所以不可以用“that”代替.Ⅲ. 介词+关系代词1. 在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。

现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：1) 介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。

如：I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to school.The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.This is the reason for which (=why) he was late.2) 介词+which（指物）/ whom（指人）在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。

如：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.3) 介词+ which（指物）/ whom（指人）在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。

这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。

如：Could you t ell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.4) 介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。

如：The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.5) 不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有：both, all, any, some, each, none, most等。