2016年真题及答案【卷1】
2016年国家司法考试真题卷一答案及解析(已新法修改答案)
2016年国家司法考试真题卷一答案及解析一、单项选择题。
每题所设选项中只有一个正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
本部分含1—50题，每题1分，共50分。
1.全面依法治国，必须坚持人民的主体地位。
对此，下列哪一理解是错误的？A.法律既是保障人民自身权利的有力武器，也是人民必须遵守的行为规范B.人民依法享有广泛的权利和自由，同时也承担应尽的义务C.人民通过各种途径直接行使立法、执法和司法的权力D.人民根本权益是法治建设的出发点和落脚点，法律要为人民所掌握、所遵守、所运用【答案】C。
【考点】社会主义法治理念的基本概念和本质属性2.相传，清朝大学士张英的族人与邻人争宅基，两家因之成讼。
族人驰书求助，张英却回诗一首：“一纸书来只为墙，让他三尺又何妨？万里长城今犹在，不见当年秦始皇。
”族人大惭，遂后移宅基三尺。
邻人见状亦将宅基后移三尺，两家重归于好。
根据上述故事，关于依法治国和以德治国的关系，下列哪一理解是正确的？A.在法治国家，道德通过内在信念影响外部行为，法律的有效实施总是依赖于道德B.以德治国应大力弘扬“和为贵、忍为高”的传统美德，不应借诉讼对利益斤斤计较C.道德能够令人知廉耻、懂礼让、有底线，良好的道德氛围是依法治国的重要基础D.通过立法将“礼让为先”、“勤俭节约”、“见义勇为”等道德义务全部转化为法律义务，有助于发挥道德在依法治国中的作用【答案】C。
【考点】法与道德3.全面依法治国要求加强和改进立法工作，完善立法体制。
下列哪一做法不符合上述要求？A.改进法律起草机制，重要的法律草案由有关部门组织全国人大专门委员会、全国人大常委会法工委起草B.完善立法协调沟通机制，对于部门间争议较大的重要立法事项，引入第三方评估C.完善法规、规章制定程序和公众参与政府立法机制D.加强法律解释工作，及时明确法律规定含义和适用法律依据【答案】A。
【考点】社会主义法治理念的基本概念和本质属性4.深入推进依法行政，要求健全依法决策机制。
2016年高考全国1卷理综试题(含答案)
2016 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试第Ⅰ卷（选择题共126 分）本卷共21 小题，每小题 6 分，共126 分。
可能用到的相对原子质量：一、选择题：本大题共13 小题，每小题 6 分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 下列与细胞相关的叙述，正确的是A. 核糖体、溶酶体都是具有膜结构的细胞器B. 酵母菌的细胞核内含有DNA和RNA两类核酸C.蓝藻细胞的能量来源于其线粒体有氧呼吸过程D. 在叶绿体中可进行CO2 的固定但不能合成ATP2. 离子泵是一张具有ATP水解酶活性的载体蛋白，能利用水解ATP释放的呢量跨膜运输离子。
下列叙述正确的是A. 离子通过离子泵的跨膜运输属于协助扩散B. 离子通过离子泵的跨膜运输是顺着浓度阶梯进行的C.动物一氧化碳中毒会降低离子泵扩膜运输离子的速率D. 加入蛋白质变性剂会提高离子泵扩膜运输离子的速率3. 若除酶外所有试剂均已预保温，则在测定酶活力的试验中，下列操作顺序合理的是A. 加入酶→加入底物→加入缓冲液→保温并计时→一段时间后检测产物的量B. 加入底物→加入酶→计时→加入缓冲液→保温→一段时间后检测产物的量C.加入缓冲液→加入底物→加入酶→保温并计时→一段时间后检测产物的量D. 加入底物→计时→加入酶→加入缓冲液→保温并计时→一段时间后检测产物的量4. 下列与神经细胞有关的叙述，错误．．的是A. ATP 能在神经元线粒体的内膜上产生B. 神经递质在突触间隙中的移动消耗ATPC.突触后膜上受蛋白体的合成需要消耗ATPD. 神经细胞兴奋后恢复为静息状态消耗ATP5. 在漫长的历史时期内，我们的祖先通过自身的生产和生活实践，积累了对生态方面的感性认识和经验，并形成了一些生态学思想，如：自然与人和谐统一的思想。
根据这一思想和生态学知识，下列说法错．误．的是A. 生态系统的物质循环和能量流动有其自身的运行规律B. 若人与自然和谐统一，生产者固定的能量便可反复利用C. “退耕还林、还草”是提现自然与人和谐统一思想的实例D. 人类应以保持生态系统相对稳定为原则，确定自己的消耗标准6. 理论上，下列关于人类单基因遗传病的叙述，正确的是A. 常染色体隐性遗传病在男性中的发病率等于该病致病基因的基因频率B. 常染色体隐性遗传病在女性中的发病率等于该病致病基因的基因频率C.X 染色体隐性遗传病在女性中的发病率等于该病致病基因的基因频率D. X 染色体隐性遗传病在男性中的发病率等于该病致病基因的基因频率7.化学与生活密切相关，下列有关说法错误的是A.用灼烧的方法可以区分蚕丝和人造纤维B.食用油反复加热会产生稠环芳香烃等有害物质C.加热能杀死流感病毒是因为蛋白质受热变性D.医用消毒酒精中乙醇的浓度为95%8.设N A 为阿伏加德罗常数值。
2016年高考语文试题全国1卷（含答案解析）【精选】
2010年高校招生全国统一考试语文（全国1卷）语文第Ⅰ卷一、（12分，每小题3分）1.下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A.行伍（háng）名宿（sù）恶贯满盈（yíng）厉兵秣马（mù）B倾轧（zhá）不啻（chì）补苴罅漏（xia）荆钗布裙（chāi）C.巨擘（bò）河蚌（bàng）得不偿失（cháng）莘莘学子（shēn）D.解剖（pāo）羁绊（jī）火中取栗（lì）感慨系之（xì）【答案】A【解析】A项厉兵秣mò马，B项倾轧yà，D项解剖pōu。
本题主要考查多音字和常见误读字的读音，字音尤其是多音字的识记，一要注意从词语含义上区别；二要注意从词性上区别，如“宿”；三要注意通过书面语与口头语的不同记忆，如“血”；四要注意记少不记多，像“蚌”只有地名“蚌埠”中读bèng，记住这一处特殊读音既可；五要记住一些常考的字音。
【考点】识记现代汉语普通话的字音，能力层级为识记 A2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用正确的一项是A.现在我们单位职工上下班或步行，或骑车，为的是倡导绿色、地毯生活。
尤为可喜的是，始作俑者是我们新来的局长。
B.几年前，学界几乎没有人不对他的学说大加挞伐，可现在当他被尊奉为大师之后，移樽就教的人简直要踏破他家的门槛。
C.他是当今少数几位声名卓著的电视剧编剧之一，这不光是因为他善于编故事，更重要的原因是他写的剧本声情并茂，情节曲折。
D.旁边一位中学生模样的青年诚恳地说：“叔叔，这些都是名人的字画，您就买一幅吧，挂在客厅里不仅没关打气，还可附庸风雅。
”【答案】B【解析】A、始作俑者：俑，古代殉葬用的木制或陶制的俑人。
开始制作俑的人。
比喻首先做某件坏事的人。
B、移樽就教：樽，古代盛酒器；就，凑近。
端着酒杯离座到对方面前共饮，以便请教。
比喻主动去向人请教。
2016年全国高考英语试题与答案_全国卷1.docx
绝密★启封前2016 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I ）英语注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用 2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型 A 后的方框涂黑。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共 5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面 5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt?A. ￡ 19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是 C 。
1.What are the speakers talking about?A. Having a birthday party.B. Doing some exercise.C. Getting Lydia a gift2.What is the woman going to do?A. Help the man.B. Take a bus.C.Get a camera3.What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Tell Kate to stop.B. Call Kate,s friends.C. Stay away from Kate.4.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a wine shop.B. In a supermarket.5.What does the woman mean?A. Keep the window closed.B. Go out for fresh air.C. Turn on the fan.听第 6 段材料，回答第6、 7 题。
2016年全国高考新课标1语文试卷及答案
2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅰ）语文注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
2．考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
3．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后．将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，毎小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题殷墟甲骨文是商代晚期在龟甲兽骨上的文字，是商王室及其他贵族利用龟甲兽骨占卜吉凶时写刻的卜辞和与占卜有关的记事文字。
殷墟甲骨文的发现对中国学术界产生了巨大而深远的影响。
甲骨文的发现证实了商王朝的存着。
历史上，系统讲述商史的是司马迁的《史记•殷本纪》，但此书撰写的时代距商代较远；即使公认保留了较多商人语言的《尚书•盘庚》篇，其中亦多杂有西周时的词语，显然是被改造过的文章。
因此，胡适曾主张古史作为研究对象，可“缩短二三千年，从诗三百篇做起”。
从甲骨文的发现，将商人亲手书写、契刻的文字展现在学者面前，使商史与传说时代分离而进入历史时代。
特别是1917年王国维写了《殷卜辞中所见先公先王考》及《续考》，证明《史记•殷本纪》与《世本》所载殷王世系几乎皆可由卜辞资料印证，是基本可靠的。
论文无可辩驳地证明《殷本纪》所载的商王朝是确实存在的。
甲骨文的发现也使《史记》之类的历史文献中有关中国古史记载的可信性增强。
因为这一发现促使史学家们想到，既然《殷本纪》中的商王世系基本可信，司马迁的《史记》也确如刘向、扬雄所言是一部“实录”，那么司马迁在《史记•夏本纪》中所记录的夏王朝与夏王世系恐怕也不是向壁虚构。
特别是在20世纪20年代疑古思潮流行时期，甲骨文资料证实了《殷本纪》与《世本》的可靠程度，也使历史学家开始摆脱困惑，对古典文献的可靠性恢复了信心。
甲骨文的发现同时引发了震撼中外学术界的殷墟发掘。
“五四运动”促使中国的历史学界发生了两大变化：一是提倡实事求是的科学态度，古史辩派对一切经不住史证的旧史学的无情批判，使人痛感中国古史上科学的考古资料的极端贫乏；二是历史唯物主义在史学界产生了巨大影响。
2016年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.参考答案：BDCACACCDBDDBACDBACA1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading Comprehension参考答案：ADBCA ADCDD ACDBA DABCD BGDEFPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that”incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they couldexperience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis”equals “concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages havegrown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win thema less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. ”Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks – isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online – only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? ”I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times isdoing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital – only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a ” legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence,trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41___[B] Decide if the time is rightAs an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42_____[G]Know your goalsGet clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43 ____[D]Understand the contextLook at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _____[E]Work with professionalsEnlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ______[F]Make it efficientThe point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on ourlives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
2016年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案
2016年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)In Cambodia,the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man can2a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to3the marriage negotiations,or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days,7by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists,and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12with them up to a year,13they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are 15with some disapproval.Each spouse retains16property he or she 17into the marriage,and jointly-acquired property is18equally. Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice19up:The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]as well as[B]by way of[C]on behalf of[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3.[A]renew[B]close[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]In theory[B]In time[C]Above all[D]For example5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]within[B]into[C]from[D]through7.[A]since[B]or[C]so[D]but8.[A]test[B]recite[C]copy[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]association[B]meeting[C]collection[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]live[D]deal13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if14.[A]follow[B]obtain[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19.[A]clears[B]shows[C]warms[D]breaks20.[A]while[B]once[C]so that[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death–as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep–and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW),which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined.[B]New runways would be constructed.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase“impinging on”(Line2,Para.2)is closest in meaning to[A]indicating the state of.[B]heightening the value of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]The French measures have already failed.[B]Its inherent problems are getting worse.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]New standards are being set in Denmark.24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry[B]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[C]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[D]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsText2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate“the countryside”alongside the royal family,Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what makes them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don’t make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorising“off-plan”building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as bour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent.Only Ukip,sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses,factories and offices is where people are,in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone,with no intrusion on green belt.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that“housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always,where to put them.Under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let rip.After the Netherlands,Britain is Europe’s most crowded country.Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative–the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A]is not well reflected in politics.[B]is fully backed by the royal family.[C]didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.[D]has brought much benefit to the NHS.27.According to Paragraph2,the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A]largely overshadowed.[B]properly protected.[C]effectively reinforced.[D]gradually destroyed.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3?[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]The Conservatives may abandon“off-plan”building.[C]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.[D]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference[A]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[B]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[C]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation of[A]the size of population in Britain.[B]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain.[D]the political life in today’s Britain.Text3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies–at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]tolerance.[B]skepticism.[C]approval.[D]uncertainty.32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices.[B]protecting it from being defamed.[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products.33.The expression“more lenient”(Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial.[B]more effective.[C]more lasting.[D]less severe.34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company’s CSR record[A]has an impact on their decision.[B]comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D]constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?[A]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[C]Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime in the future,”the paper’s publisher said back in2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper –printing presses,delivery trucks–isn’t just expensive;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,”he said,“but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as a blunder,”he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said.“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.“So if you’re overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words,if you’re going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.Which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year–more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked.“But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes.In those situations,it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the increasing online ad sales.[C]the pressure from its investors.[D]the complaints from its readers.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]end the print edition for good.[B]make strategic adjustments.[C]seek new sources of readership.[D]aim for efficient management.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs5and6that a“legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]legacy businesses are becoming outdated.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[C]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D]Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Know your goals[G]Make it efficientNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This is especially true in first impressions.According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence, trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings,red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in others not so much.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like Linkedln.Chances are,your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two lennials,it seems,face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals?Here are some tips: 41.As an executive coach,I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions–when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time.If you’re not sure,ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.Look for cuesabout how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising,maybe they want to look more“SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact. 44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend.It’s not as expensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear.Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options.Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright.(46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy;it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned,only reawakened.It is like the immune system of the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it,mental health will remain hidden from us.(47)Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere;like the sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem–confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives–the ability to not take ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the bigger picture,and to see that things will work out.It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought.(50)As you will come to see,knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about100 words,providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following pictures.In your essay,you shouldl)describe the pictures briefly,2)interpret the meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2016年全真试题答案Section Ⅰ Use of English1.A2.D3.C4.A5.C6.B7.D8.B9.D 10.A11.D 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.A Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.A 22.D 23.D 24.C 25.DText 2 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.CText 3 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.A 35.BText 4 36.A 37.B 38.B 39.C 40.BPart B41.C 42.F 43.D 44.E 45.GPart C46.我们的心理健康不是学来的；它是我们生来就有的，正如同我们的身体知道如何治愈伤口或修复断骨一样。
2016年高考文综全国一卷历史真题含答案
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国Ⅰ卷）文综历史试题24．孔子是儒家学派创始人，汉代崇尚儒学，尊《尚书》等五部书为经典，记录孔子言论的《论语》却不在“五经”之中。
对此合理的解释是A．“五经”为阐发孔子儒学思想而作B．汉代儒学背离了孔子的儒学思想C．儒学思想植根于久远的历史传统D．儒学传统由于秦始皇焚书而断绝25．图4为汉代画像砖中的农事图。
此图可以用来说明当时图4A．个体农户的生产劳作状态B．精耕细作农业的不断发展C．土地公有制下的集体劳作D．大地主田庄上的生产情形26．史载，宋太祖某日闷闷不乐，有人问他原因，他说：“尔谓帝王可容易行事耶……偶有误失，史官必书之，我所以不乐也。
”此事反映了A．重史传统影响君主个人行为B．宋代史官所撰史书全都真实可信C．史官与君主间存在尖锐矛盾D．宋太祖不愿史书记录其真实言行27．明初废行省，地方分设三司，分别掌管一地民政与财政、司法、军事，直属六部。
明中叶以后，皇帝临时派遣的巡抚逐渐演变为三司之上的地方最高行政长官。
这一变化有助于A．扩大地方行政权力B．提高地方行政效率C．削弱六部的权限D．缓解中央与地方的对立28．19世纪中期以后，中国市场上的洋货日益增多，火柴、洋布等用品“虽穷乡僻壤，求之于市，必有所供”。
这种情况表明A．中国关税主权开始丧失B．商品经济基本取代自然经济C．民众生活与世界市场联系日趋密切D．中国市场由被动开放转为主动开放29．甲午中日战争爆发前夕，有些西方人士认为中国拥有一定的军备优势，“毫无疑问的是日本必然最后被彻底粉碎”。
他们做出上述判断的主要依据应是，中国A．已完成对军队的西式改革B．集权制度有利于作战指挥C．近代化努力收到较大成效D．能获得更广泛的外部援助30．1943年8月，国民党颁布《抗战期间宣传名词正误表》，把“亲日派”“长征时代”“争取民主”“国共合作”“抗日民族统一战线”等归为“谬误名词”，禁止刊载。
这反映了国民党A．努力缓和与其他党派的矛盾B．竭力塑造战时政府的形象C．与中共争夺抗战的领导权D．力图维护一党专制的局面31．1965年，中国大陆与西方国家的贸易额在进出口总额中所占的比重，由1957年17．9%上升到52．8%。
2016年全国1语文试题及答案详解(官方答案)
2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试(语文)一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题殷墟甲骨文是商代晚期在龟甲兽骨上的文字，是商王室及其他贵族利用龟甲兽骨占卜吉凶时写刻的卜辞和与占卜有关的记事文字。
殷墟甲骨文的发现对中国学术界产生了巨大而深远的影响。
甲骨文的发现证实了商王朝的存在。
历史上，系统讲述商史的是司马迁的《史记·殷本纪》，但此书撰写的时代距商代较远；即使公认保留了较多商人语言的《尚书·盘庚》篇，其中亦多杂有西周时的词语，显然是被改造过的文章。
因此，胡适曾主张古史作为研究对象，可“缩短二三千年，从诗三百篇做起”。
甲骨文的发现，将商人亲手书写、契刻的文字展现在学者面前，使商史与传说时代分离而进入历史时代。
特别是1917年王国维写了《殷卜辞中所见先公先王考》及《续考》，证明《史记·殷本纪》与《世本》所载殷王世系几乎皆可由卜辞资料印证，是基本可靠的。
论文无可辩驳地证明《殷本纪》所载的商王朝是确实存在的。
甲骨文的发现也使《史记》之类的历史文献中有关中国古史记载的可信性增强。
因为这一发现促使史学家们想到，既然《殷本纪》中的商王世系基本可信，司马迁的《史记》也确如刘向、扬雄所言是一部“实录”，那么司马迁在《史记·夏本纪》中所记录的夏王朝与夏王世系恐怕也不是向壁虚构。
特别是在20世纪20年代疑古思潮流行时期，甲骨文资料证实了《殷本纪》与《世本》的可靠程度，也使历史学家开始摆脱困惑，对古典文献的可靠性恢复了信心。
甲骨文的发现同时引发了震撼中外学术界的殷墟发掘。
“五四运动”促使中国的历史学界发生了两大变化：一是提倡实事求是的科学态度，古史辨派对一切经不住史证的旧史学的无情批判，使人痛感中国古史上科学的考古资料的极端贫乏；二是历史唯物主义在史学界产生了巨大影响。
1925年王国维在清华国学研究院讲授《古史新证》，力倡“二重证据法”，亦使中国历史学研究者开始注重地下出土的新材料。
2016年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
2016年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the cho ice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 withsome disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in that答案：1、 [B] as well as ；2、 [D] decide on3、 [C]arrange4、[A] In theory5、 [C] After6、[A] into7、[C] but8、[C]recite9、[D] tying10、 [B] passing11、[D]union12、[D]live13、[B] until14、[A] obtain15、 [C] viewed16、 [D]whatever17、[B] brought18、[A] divided19、 [C] shows20、[A]whileSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websi tes that” incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban onultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health–as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must useto determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline答案：A22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to答案：D23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse答案：B24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ characte r[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models答案：C25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry答案：AText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While poll s show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of na tional parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent onlyu sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS答案：A27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed答案：D28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence答案：B29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s prefere nce[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas答案：D30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s Britain答案：CText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate socialrespon sibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater con sideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance答案：B32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products答案：C33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe答案：D34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation答案：B35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry答案：AText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. ”Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks –isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online – only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing i t the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? ”I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital – only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation答案：D37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management答案：A38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a ” legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper答案：B39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated答案：C40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good答案：DPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research fromPrinceton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is th at the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips: 41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted fri ends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.答案：41.Decide if the time is right42.Know your goals43.Understand the context44.Work with professionals45.Mark it efficientPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46)we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, i t is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47)Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the abilityto not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they arein pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily. 答案：46、We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy；it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone。
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2016年司法考试卷一真题及答案 提示：本试卷为选择题，由计算机阅读。请将所选答案填涂在答题卡上，勿在卷面上直接作答。 一、单项选择题。每题所设选项中只有一个正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。本部分含1—50题，每题1分，共50分。 1．全面依法治国，必须坚持人民的主体地位。对此，下列哪一理解是错误的？答案【C】 A．法律既是保障人民自身权利的有力武器，也是人民必须遵守的行为规范 B．人民依法享有广泛的权利和自由，同时也承担应尽的义务 C．人民通过各种途径直接行使立法、执法和司法的权力 D．人民根本权益是法治建设的出发点和落脚点，法律要为人民所掌握、所遵守、所运用 2．相传，清朝大学士张英的族人与邻人争宅基，两家因之成讼。族人驰书求助，张英却回诗一首：“一纸书来只为墙，让他三尺又何妨？万里长城今犹在，不见当年秦始皇。”族人大惭，遂后移宅基三尺。邻人见状亦将宅基后移三尺，两家重归于好。根据上述故事，关于依法治国和以德治国的关系，下列哪一理解是正确的？答案【C】 A．在法治国家，道德通过内在信念影响外部行为，法律的有效实施总是依赖于道德 B．以德治国应大力弘扬“和为贵、忍为高”的传统美德，不应借诉讼对利益斤斤计较 C．道德能够令人知廉耻、懂礼让、有底线，良好的道德氛围是依法治国的重要基础 D．通过立法将“礼让为先”、“勤俭节约”、“见义勇为”等道德义务全部转化为法律义务，有助于发挥道德在依法治国中的作用 3．全面依法治国要求加强和改进立法工作，完善立法体制。下列哪一做法不符合上述要求？答案【A】 A．改进法律起草机制，重要的法律草案由有关部门组织全国人大专门委员会、全国人大常委会法工委起草 B．完善立法协调沟通机制，对于部门间争议较大的重要立法事项，引入第三方评估 C．完善法规、规章制定程序和公众参与政府立法机制 D．加强法律解释工作，及时明确法律规定含义和适用法律依据 4．深入推进依法行政，要求健全依法决策机制。下列哪一做法不符合上述要求？答案【C】 A．甲省推行“重大决策风险评估”制度，将风险评估作为省政府决策的法定程序 B．乙市聘请当地知名律师担任政府法律顾问，对重大决策进行事前合法性审查 C．丙区因发改局长立下“军令状”保证某重大项目不出问题，遂直接批准项目上马 D．丁县教育局网上征求对学区调整、学校撤并等与群众切身利益相关事项的意见 5．某法院完善人民陪审员选任方式，在增加陪审员数量的基础上建立“陪审员库”，随机抽选陪审员参与案件审理。关于人民陪审员制度，下列哪一说法是错误的？答案【C】 A．应避免陪审员选任的过度“精英化” B．若少数陪审员成为常驻法院的“专审员”，将影响人民陪审员制度的公信力 C．完善人民陪审员制度的主要目的是让人民群众通过参与司法养成守法习惯 D．陪审员的大众思维和朴素观念能够弥补法官职业思维的局限性 6．中国古代有“厌讼”传统，老百姓万不得已才打官司。但随着经济社会发展，我国司法领域却出现了诉讼案件激增的现象。对此，下列哪一说法是错误的？答案【D】 A．相比古代而言，法律在现代社会中对保障人们的权利具有更重要的作用 B．从理论上讲，当诉讼成本高于诉讼可能带来的收益时，更易形成“厌讼”的传统 C．案件激增从一个侧面说明人民群众已逐渐树立起遇事找法、解决问题靠法的观念 D．在法治社会，诉讼是解决纠纷的唯一合法途径 7．法治社会建设要求健全依法维权和化解纠纷机制，杜绝“大闹大解决、小闹小解决、不闹不解决”现象。下列哪一做法无助于消除此现象？答案【D】 A．甲市将信访纳入法治轨道，承诺对合理合法的诉求依法及时处理 B．乙区通过举办“群众吐槽会”建立群众利益沟通机制 C．丙县通过地方戏等形式普及“即使有理也要守法”观念 D．丁市律协要求律师不得代理群体性纠纷案件 8．《治安管理处罚法》第115条规定：“公安机关依法实施罚款处罚，应当依照有关法律、行政法规的规定，实行罚款决定与罚款收缴分离；收缴的罚款应当全部上缴国库。”关于该条文，下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【B】 A．表达的是禁止性规则 B．表达的是强行性规则 C．表达的是程序性原则 D．表达了法律规则中的法律后果 9．全兆公司利用提供互联网接入服务的便利，在搜索引擎讯集公司网站的搜索结果页面上强行增加广告，被讯集公司诉至法院。法院认为，全兆公司行为违反诚实信用原则和公认的商业道德，构成不正当竞争。关于该案，下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【C】 A．诚实信用原则一般不通过“法律语句”的语句形式表达出来 B．与法律规则相比，法律原则能最大限度实现法的确定性和可预测性 C．法律原则的着眼点不仅限于行为及条件的共性，而且关注它们的个别性和特殊性 D．法律原则是以“全有或全无”的方式适用于个案当中 10．甲和乙系夫妻，因外出打工将女儿小琳交由甲母照顾两年，但从未支付过抚养费。后甲与乙闹离婚且均不愿抚养小琳。甲母将甲和乙告上法庭，要求支付抚养费2万元。法院认为，甲母对孙女无法定或约定的抚养义务，判决甲和乙支付甲母抚养费。关于该案，下列哪一选项是正确的？答案【B】 A．判决是规范性法律文件 B．甲和乙对小琳的抚养义务是相对义务 C．判决在原被告间不形成法律权利和义务关系 D．小琳是民事诉讼法律关系的主体之一 11．有法谚云：“法律为未来作规定，法官为过去作判决”。关于该法谚，下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【D】 A．法律的内容规定总是超前的，法官的判决根据总是滞后的 B．法官只考虑已经发生的事实，故判案时一律选择适用旧法 C．法律绝对禁止溯及既往 D．即使案件事实发生在过去，但“为未来作规定”的法律仍然可以作为其认定的根据 12．在宋代话本小说《错斩崔宁》中，刘贵之妾陈二姐因轻信刘贵欲将她休弃的戏言连夜回娘家，路遇年轻后生崔宁并与之结伴同行。当夜盗贼自刘贵家盗走15贯钱并杀死刘贵，邻居追赶盗贼遇到陈、崔二人，因见崔宁刚好携带15贯钱，遂将二人作为凶手捉拿送官。官府当庭拷讯二人，陈、崔屈打成招，后被处斩。关于该案，下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【B】 A．话本小说《错斩崔宁》可视为一种法的非正式渊源 B．邻居运用设证推理方法断定崔宁为凶手 C．“盗贼自刘贵家盗走15贯钱并杀死刘贵”所表述的是法律规则中的假定条件 D．从生活事实向法律事实转化需要一个证成过程，从法治的角度看，官府的行为符合证成标准 13．《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于第一百五十八条、第一百五十九条的解释》中规定：“刑法第一百五十八条、第一百五十九条的规定，只适用于依法实行注册资本实缴登记制的公司。”关于该解释，下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【C】 A．效力低于《刑法》 B．全国人大常委会只能就《刑法》作法律解释 C．对法律条文进行了限制解释 D．是学理解释 14．王某参加战友金某婚礼期间，自愿帮忙接待客人。婚礼后王某返程途中遭遇车祸，住院治疗花去费用1万元。王某认为，参加婚礼并帮忙接待客人属帮工行为，遂将金某诉至法院要求赔偿损失。法院认为，王某行为属由道德规范的情谊行为，不在法律调整范围内。关于该案，下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【B】 A．在法治社会中，法律可以调整所有社会关系 B．法官审案应区分法与道德问题，但可进行价值判断 C．道德规范在任何情况下均不能作为司法裁判的理由 D．一般而言，道德规范具有国家强制性 15．西周商品经济发展促进了民事契约关系的发展。《周礼》载：“听买卖以质剂”。汉代学者郑玄解读西周买卖契约形式：“大市谓人民、牛马之属，用长券；小市为兵器、珍异之物，用短券。”对此，下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【A】 A．长券为“质”，短券为“剂” B．“质”由买卖双方自制，“剂”由官府制作 C．契约达成后，交“质人”专门管理 D．买卖契约也可采用“傅别”形式 16．春秋时期，针对以往传统法律体制的不合理性，出现了诸如晋国赵鞅“铸刑鼎”，郑国执政子产“铸刑书”等变革活动。对此，下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【C】 A．晋国赵鞅“铸刑鼎”为中国历史上首次公布成文法 B．奴隶主贵族对公布法律并不反对，认为利于其统治 C．打破了“刑不可知，则威不可测”的壁垒 D．孔子作为春秋时期思想家，肯定赵鞅“铸刑鼎”的举措 17．元代人在《唐律疏议序》中说：“乘之（指唐律）则过，除之则不及，过与不及，其失均矣。”表达了对唐律的敬畏之心。下列关于唐律的哪一表述是错误的？答案【D】 A．促使法律统治“一准乎礼”，实现了礼律统一 B．科条简要、宽简适中、立法技术高超，结构严谨 C．是我国传统法典的楷模与中华法系形成的标志 D．对古代亚洲及欧洲诸国产生了重大影响，成为其立法渊源 18．南宋时，霍某病故，留下遗产值银9000两。霍某妻子早亡，夫妻二人无子，只有一女霍甲，已嫁他乡。为了延续霍某姓氏，霍某之叔霍乙立本族霍丙为霍某继子。下列关于霍某遗产分配的哪一说法是正确的？答案【D】 A．霍甲9000两 B．霍甲6000两，霍丙3000两 C．霍甲、霍乙、霍丙各3000两 D．霍甲、霍丙各3000两，余3000两收归官府 19．1903年，清廷发布上谕：“通商惠工，为古今经国之要政，急应加意讲求，着派载振、袁世凯、伍廷芳，先定商律，作为则例。”下列哪一说法是正确的？答案【C】 A．《钦定大清商律》为清朝第一部商律，由《商人通例》、《公司律》和《破产律》构成 B．清廷制定商律，表明随着中国近代工商业发展，其传统工商政策从“重农抑商”转为“重商抑农” C．商事立法分为两阶段，先由新设立商部负责，后主要商事法典改由修订法律馆主持起草 D．《大清律例》、《大清新刑律》、《大清民律草案》与《大清商律草案》同属清末修律成果 20．关于《法国民法典》有关规定所体现的资产阶级民法基本原则，下列哪一说法是不正确的？答案【B】 A．“所有法国人都享有民事权利”，“满21岁为成年，到此年龄后，除结婚章中规定的例外，有能力为一切民事生活上的行为”——民事权利地位平等原则 B．“所有权是对物有绝对无限制地使用、收益及处分的权利，但法令所禁止的使用不在此限”——私有财产权不可侵犯和部分有限原则 C．“契约是一种合意，依此合意，一人或数人对其他一人或数人负担给付、作为或不作为的债务”，“依法成立的契约，在缔结契约的当事人间有相当于法律的效力”——契约自由原则 D．“任何行为使他人受损害时，因自己的过失而致行为发生之人对该他人负赔偿的责任”，“任何人不仅对其行为所致的损害，而且对其过失或懈怠所致的损害负赔偿责任”——过失（错）责任原则 21．综观世界各国成文宪法，结构上一般包括序言、正文和附则三大部分。对此，下列哪一表述是正确的？答案【D】 A．世界各国宪法序言的长短大致相当 B．我国宪法附则的效力具有特定性和临时性两大特点