建筑行业术语-中英对照

建筑行业术语


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑专业

a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据

b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段

c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件

d. GENERAL ROOM NAME
常用房间名称

e. ROOFING & CEILING
屋面及天棚

f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)

g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟

h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)
门、玻璃、窗及五金件

I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)
楼梯、休息平台及电梯

j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES
建筑材料词汇及短语

【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】
【Lime, Sand and Stone
灰、砂和石】
【Cement, Mortar and Concrete
水泥、砂浆和混凝土】
【Facing And Plastering Materials
饰面及粉刷材料】





【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos
沥青和石棉】
【Timber 木材】
【Metallic Materials 金属材料】
【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】

【Anti-Corrosion Materials
防腐蚀材料】
【Building Hardware 建筑五金】
【Paint 油漆】

k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语

【Discipline 专业】
【Conventional Terms
一般通用名词】
【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】
【Name Of Professional role
职务名称】
【Drafting 制图】

2. STRUCTURE 结构专业

a. LOAD 荷载

b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础

c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构

d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构


e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC
抗震设计

f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN
设计常用词汇

g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇





1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑专业

a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据
计划建议书 planning proposals
设计任务书 design order
标准规范standards and codes
条件图 information drawing
设计基础资料 basic data for design
工艺流程图 process flowchart
工程地质资料
engineering geological data
原始资料 original data
设计进度 schedule of design

b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段

方案 scheme, draft
草图 sketch
会谈纪要summary of discussion
谈判 negotiation
可行性研究 feasibility study
初步设计 preliminary design
基础设计 basic design
详细设计 detail design
询价图 enquiry drawing
施工图 working drawing,
con

struction drawing
竣工图 as built drawing

c. CLIMATE CONDITION
气象条件

日照 sunshine
风玫瑰 wind rose
主导风向 prevailing wind direction
最大(平均)风速
maximum (mean) wind velocity
风荷载 wind load
最大(平均)降雨量
maximum (mean) rainfall
雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning
飓风 hurricane
台风 typhoon
旋风 cyclone
降雨强度rainfall intensity
年降雨量 annual rainfall
湿球温度 wet bulb temperature
干球温度 dry bulb temperature
冰冻期 frost period
冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone

室外计算温度
calculating outdoor temperature
采暖地区
region with heating provision
不采暖地区
region without heating provision
绝对大气压
absolute atmospheric pressure
相对湿度 relative humidity

d. GENERAL ROOM NAME
常用房间名称

办公室 office
服务用房 service room
换班室 shift room
休息室 rest room (break room)
起居室 living room
浴室 bathroom
淋浴间 shower
更衣室 locker room
厕所 lavatory
门厅 lobby
诊室 clinic
工作间 workshop
电气开关室 switchroom
走廊 corridor
档案室 archive
电梯机房 lift motor room
车库 garage
清洁间 cleaning room
会议室(正式) conference room
会议室 meeting room
衣柜间 ward robe
暖风间 H.V.A.C room
饭店 restaurant
餐厅 canteen, dining room
厨房 kitchen
入口 entrance
接待处 reception area
会计室 accountant room
秘书室 secretary room
电气室 electrical room
控制室 control room
工长室 foreman office
开关柜室 switch gear
前室 antecabinet (Ante.)
生产区 production area
马达控制中心 Mcc
多功能用房 utility room
化验室 laboratory room
经理室 manager room
披 屋(阁楼) penthouse
警卫室 guard house




e. ROOFING AND CEILING
屋面及天棚

女儿墙 parapet
雨蓬 canopy
屋脊 roof ridge
坡度 slope
坡跨比 pitch
分水线 water-shed
二毡三油
2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic
附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt
檐口 eave
挑檐 overhanging eave
檐沟 eave gutter
平屋面 flat roof
坡屋面 pitched roof
雨水管
downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)
汇水面积 catchment area
泛水 flashing
内排水 interior drainage
外排水 exterior drainage
滴水 drip
屋面排水 roof drainage

找平层 leveling course
卷材屋面 built-up roofing
天棚 ceiling
檩条 purlin
屋面板 roofing board
天花板 ceiling board
防水层 water-proof course
检查孔 inspection hole
人孔 manhole
吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling
檐板(窗帘盒) cornice


f. WALL (CLADDING)
墙体(外墙板)


砖墙 brick wall
砌块墙 block wall
清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering
抹灰墙 rendered wall
石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board
空心砖墙 hollow brick wall
承重墙 bearing wall
非承重墙 non-bearing wall
纵墙 longitudinal wall
横墙 transverse wall
外墙 external (exterior) wall
内墙 internal (interior) wall
填充墙 filler wall
防火墙 fire wall
窗间墙 wall between window
空心墙 cavity wall
压顶 coping
圈梁 gird, girt, girth
玻璃隔断 glazed wall
防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)
遮阳板 sunshade
阳台 balcony
伸缩缝 expansion joint
沉降缝 settlement joint
抗震缝 seismic joint
复合夹心板 sandwich board
压型单板 corrugated single steel plate
外墙板 cladding panel
复合板 composite panel
轻质隔断 light-weight partition
牛腿 bracket
砖烟囱 brick chimney
勒脚(基座) plinth


g. FLOOR AND TRENCH
地面及地沟


地坪 grade
地面和楼面 ground and floor
素土夯实 rammed earth
炉渣夯实 tamped cinder
填土 filled earth
回填土夯实 tamped backfill
垫层 bedding course, blinding
面层 covering, finish
结合层 bonding (binding) course
找平层 leveling course
素水泥浆结合层
neat cement binding course
混凝土地面 concrete floor
水泥地面 cement floor
机器磨平混凝土地面
machine trowelled concrete floor
水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring
马赛克地面 mosaic flooring
瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring
油地毡地面 linoleum flooring
预制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring
硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring
搁栅 joist
硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring
企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring
防酸地面 acid-resistant floor
钢筋混凝土楼板
reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)
乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring
水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo
地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope
集水沟 gully
集水口 gulley
排水沟 drainage trench
沟盖板 trench cover
活动盖板 removable cover plate
集水坑 sump pit
孔翻边 hole u

p stand
电缆沟 cable trench




h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)
门、玻璃、窗及五金件

木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door
镶板门 panelled door
夹板门 plywood door
铝合金门 aluminum alloy door
卷帘门 roller shutter door
弹簧门 swing door
推拉门 sliding door
平开门 side-hung door
折叠门 folding door
旋转门 revolving door
玻璃门 glazed door
密闭门 air-Tight door
保温门 thermal insulating door
镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door
防火门 fire door
(大门上的)小门 wicket
门框 door frame
门扇 door leaf
门洞 door opening
结构开洞 structural opening
单扇门 single door
双扇门 double door
疏散门 emergency door
纱门 screen door
门槛 door sill
门过梁 door lintel
上冒头 top rail
下冒头 bottom rail
门边木 stile
门樘侧料 side jumb
槽口 notch
木窗 wooden window
钢窗 steel window
铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window
百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)
塑钢窗 plastic steel window
空腹钢窗 hollow steel window
固定窗 fixed window
平开窗 side-hung window
推拉窗 sliding window
气窗 transom
上悬窗 top-hung window
中悬窗 center-pivoted window
下悬窗 hopper window
活动百叶窗 adjustable louver
天窗 skylight
老虎窗 dormer window
密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing
钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel
钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel
窗扇 casement sash
窗台 window sill
窗台板 window board
窗中梃 mullion
窗横木 mutin
窗边木 stile
压缝条 cover mould
窗帘盒 curtain box
合页(铰链) hinge (butts)
转轴 pivot
长脚铰链 parliament hinge
闭门器 door closer
地弹簧 floor closer
插销 bolt
门锁 door lock
拉手 pull
链条 chain
门钩 door hanger
碰球 ball latch
窗钩 window catch
暗插销 insert bolt
电动开关器 electric opener
平板玻璃 plate glass
夹丝玻璃 wire glass
透明玻璃 clear glass
毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)
防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass
石英玻璃 quartz glass
吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass
磨光玻璃 polished glass
着色玻璃 pigmented glass
玻璃瓦 glass tile
玻璃砖 glass block
有机玻璃 organic glass

I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)
楼梯、休息平台及电梯

楼梯 stair
楼梯间 stairca

se
疏散梯 emergency stair
旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair)
吊车梯 crane ladder
直爬梯 vertical ladder
踏步 step
扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)
踏步板 tread
档步板 riser
踏步宽度 tread width
防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)
栏杆 railing (balustrade)
平台栏杆 platform railing
吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole
扶手 handrail
梯段高度 height of flight
防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage)
平台 landing (platform)
操作平台 operating platform
装卸平台platform for loading & unloading
楼梯平台 stair landing
客梯 passenger lift
货梯 goods lift
客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift
液压电梯 hydraulic lift
自动扶梯 escalator
观光电梯 observation elevator
电梯机房 lift mortar room
电梯坑 lift pit
电梯井道 lift shaft


j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES
建筑材料词汇及短语

? Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦

红砖 red brick
粘土砖 clay brick
瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)
防火砖 fire brick
空心砖 hollow brick
面砖 facing brick
地板砖 flooring tile
缸砖 clinkery brick
马赛克 mosaic
陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete
琉璃瓦 glazed tile
脊瓦 ridge tile
石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)
波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet


? Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石

石膏 gypsum
大理石 marble
汉白玉 white marble
花岗岩 granite
碎石 crushed stone
毛石 rubble
蛭石 vermiculite
珍珠岩 pearlite
水磨石 terrazzo
卵石 cobble
砾石 gravel
粗砂 course sand
中砂 medium sand
细砂 fine sand




? Cement, Mortar and Concrete
水泥、砂浆和混凝土

波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥)
Portland cement
硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement
火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement
白水泥 white cement
水泥砂浆 cement mortar
石灰砂浆 lime mortar
水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar
保温砂浆 thermal mortar
防水砂浆 water-proof mortar
耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar
耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar
沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar
纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar
麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar
灰缝 mortar joint
素混凝土 plain concrete
钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete
轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete
细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete
沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete
泡沫混凝土 foamed concret

e
炉渣混凝土 cinder concrete


Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料

水刷石 granitic plaster
斩假石 artificial stone
刷浆 lime wash
可赛银 casein
大白浆 white wash
麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base
喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash
分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned
板条抹灰 lath and plaster

? Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉

沥青卷材 asphalt felt
沥青填料 asphalt filler
沥青胶泥 asphalt grout
冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer
沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic
沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum
石棉板 asbestos sheet
石棉纤维 asbestos fiber


? Timber 木材

裂缝 crack
透裂 split
环裂 shake
干缩 shrinkage
翘曲 warping
原木 log
圆木 round timber
方木 square timber
板材 plank
木条 batten
板条 lath
木板 board
红松 red pine
白松 white pine
落叶松 deciduous pine
云杉 spruce
柏木 cypress
白杨 white poplar
桦木 birch
冷杉 fir
栎木 oak
榴木 willow
榆木 elm
杉木 cedar
柚木 teak
樟木 camphor wood
防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber
胶合板 plywood
三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood
企口板 tongued and grooved board
层夹板 laminated plank
胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber
纤维板 fiber-board
竹子 bamboo

? Metallic Materials 金属材料

黑色金属 ferrous metal
圆钢 steelbBar
方钢 square steel
扁钢 steel atrap
型钢 steel section (shape)
槽钢 channel
角钢 angle steel
等边角钢 equal-leg angle
不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle
工字钢 I-beam
宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam
丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)
冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape
热轧 hot-rolled
冷轧 cold-rolled
冷拉 cold-drawn
冷压 cold-pressed
合金钢 alloy steel
钛合金 titanium alloy
不锈钢 stainless steel
竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar
变形钢筋 deformed bar
光圆钢筋 plain round bar
钢板 steel plate
薄钢板 thin steel plate
低碳钢 low carbon steel
冷弯 cold bending
钢管 steel pipe (tube)
无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe
焊接钢管 welded steel pipe
黑铁管 iron pipe
镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe
铸铁 cast iron
生铁 pig iron
熟铁 wrought iron
镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel shee

t
镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire
钢丝网 steel wire mesh
多孔金属网 expanded metal
锰钢 managanese steel
高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel




? Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属

金 gold
白金 platinum
铜 copper
黄铜 brass
青铜 bronze
银 silver
铝 aluminum
铅 lead


? Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料

聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene
尼龙 nylon
聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate
聚苯乙烯 polystyrene
丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin
乙烯基酯 vinyl ester
橡胶内衬 rubber lining
氯丁橡胶 neoprene
沥青漆 bitumen paint
环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint
氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer
防锈漆 anti-rust paint
耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint
耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint
水玻璃 sodium silicate
树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar
环氧树脂 epoxy resin


? Building Hardware 建筑五金

钉子 nails
螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail
环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail
螺丝 screws
平头螺丝 flat-head screw
螺栓 bolt
普通螺栓 commercial bolt
高强螺栓 high strength bolt
预埋螺栓 insert bolt
胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt
垫片 washer


? Paint 油漆

底漆 primer
防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer
防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint
调和漆 mixed paint
无光漆 flat paint
透明漆 varnish
银粉漆 aluminum paint
磁漆 enamel paint
干性油 drying oil
稀释剂 thinner
焦油 tar
沥青漆 asphalt paint
桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil
红丹 red lead
铅油 lead oil
腻子 putty


k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语

? Discipline 专业

建筑 architecture
土木 civil
给排水 water supply and drainage
总图 plot plan
采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)
电力供应 electric power supply
电气照明 electric lighting
电讯 telecommunication
仪表 instrument
热力供应 heat power supply
动力 mechanical power
工艺 process technology
管道 piping

? Conventional Terms 一般通用名词

建筑原理 architectonics
建筑形式 architectural style
民用建筑 civil architecture
城市建筑 urban architecture
农村建筑 rural architecture
农业建筑 farm building
工业建筑 industrial building
重工业的 heavy industrial
轻工业的 ligh

t industrial
古代建筑 ancient architecture
现代建筑 modern architecture
标准化建筑 standardized buildings
附属建筑 auxiliary buildings
城市规划 city planning
厂区内 within site
厂区外 offsite
封闭式 closed type
开敞式 open type
半开敞式 semi-open type
模数制 modular system
单位造价 unit cost
概算 preliminary estimate
承包商 constructor, contractor
现场 site
扩建 extension
改建 reconstruction
防火 fire-prevention
防震 aseismatic, quake-proof
防腐 anti-corrosion
防潮 dump-proof
防水 water-proof
防尘 dust-proof
防锈 rust-proof
车流量 traffic volume
货流量 freight traffic volume
人流量 pedestrian volume
透视图 perspective drawing
建筑模型 building model


? Architectural Physics 建筑物理

照明 illumination
照度 degree of illumination
亮度 brightness
日照 sunshine
天然采光 natural lighting
光强 light intensity
侧光 side light
顶光 top light
眩光 glaze
方位角 azimuth
辐射 radiation
对流 convection
传导 conduction
遮阳 sun-shade
保温 thermal insulation
恒温 constant temperature
恒湿 constant humidity
噪音 noise
隔音 sound-proof
吸音 sound absorption
露点 dew point
隔汽 vapor-proof


Name Of Professional role 职务名称

项目经理 project manager (PM)
设计经理 design manager
首席建筑师 principal architect
总工程师 chief engineer
土木工程师 civil engineer
工艺工程师 process engineer
电气工程师 electrical engineer
机械工程师 mechanical engineer
计划工程师 planning engineer
助理工程师 assistant engineer
实习生 probationer
专家 specialist, expert
制图员 draftsman
技术员 technician



? Drafting 制图

总说明 general specification
工程说明 project specification
采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted
图纸目录 list of drawings
平面图 plan
局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale
．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of...
．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of...
留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes
剖面 section
纵剖面 longitudinal section
横剖面 cross (transverse) section
立面 elevation
正立面 front elevation
透视图 perspective drawing
侧立面 side elevation
背立面 back elevation
详图 detail drawings
典型节点 typical detail

节点号 detail No.
首页 front page
图纸目录及说明list of contents and description
图例 legend
示意图 diagram
草图 sketch
荷载简图 load diagram
流程示意图 flow diagram
标准图 standard drawing
．．．布置图 layout of ...
地形图 topographical map
土方工程图 earth-work drawing
展开图 developed drawing
模板图 formwork drawing
配筋 arrangement of reinforcement
表格 tables
工程进度表 working schedule
技术经济指标technical and economical index
建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures
编号 coding
序列号 serial No.
行和栏 rows and columns
备注 remarks
等级 grade
直线 straight Line
曲线 curves
曲折线 zigzag line
虚线 dotted line
实线 solid line
影线 hatching line
点划线 dot and dash line
轴线 axis
等高线 contour Line
中心线 center Line
双曲线 hyperbola
抛物线 parabola
切线 tangent Line
尺寸线 dimension Line
园形 round
环形 annular
方形 square
矩形 rectangle
平行四边形 parallelogram
三角形 triangle
五角形 pentagon
六角形 hexagon
八角形 octagon
梯形 trapezoid
圆圈 circle
弓形 sagment
扇形 sector
球形的 spherical
抛物面 paraboloid
圆锥形 cone
椭圆形 ellipse, oblong
面积 area
体积 volume
容量 capacity
重量 weight
质量 mass
力 force
米 meter
厘米 centimeter
毫米 millimeter
公顷 hectate
牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter
千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter
英尺 foot
英寸 inch
磅 pound
吨 ton
加仑 gallon
千磅 kip
平均尺寸 average dimension
变尺寸 variable dimension
外形尺寸 overall dimension
展开尺寸 developed dimension
内径 inside diameter
外径 outside diameter
净重 net weight
毛重 gross weight
数量 quantity
百分比 percentage
净空 clearance
净高 headroom
净距 clear distance
净跨 clear span
截面尺寸 sectional dimension
开间 bay
进深 depth
单跨 single span
双跨 double span
多跨 multi-span
标高 elevation, level
绝对标高 absolute elevation
设计标高 designed elevation
室外地面标高 ground elevation
室内地面标高 floor elevation
柱网 column grid
坐标 coordinate
厂区占地 site area
使用面积 usable area
辅助面积 service area
通道面积 passage area
管架 pipe rack

管廊 pipeline gallery
架空管线 overhead pipeline
排水沟 drain ditch
集水坑 sump pit
喷泉 fountain
地漏 floor drain
消火栓 fire hydrant
灭火器 fire extinguisher
二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher
卤代烷灭火器 halon extinguisher



2. STRUCTURE 结构专业
a. Load 荷载


拔力 pulling force
标准值 standard value
残余应力 residual stress
冲击荷载 impact load, punch load
残余变形 residual deflection
承压 bearing
承载能力 bearing capacity
承重 bearing, load bearing
承重结构 bearing structure
脆性材料 brittle material
脆性破坏 brittle failure
抵抗力 resisting power, resistance
吊车荷载 crane load
分布荷载 distributed load
风荷载 wind load
风速 wind velocity, wind speed
风压 wind pressure
风振 wind vibration
浮力 buoyance, floatage
符号 symbol, mark
负弯矩 negative moment, hogging moment
附加荷载 additional load
附加应力 additional stress
副作用 side effect, by-effect
刚度 rigidity
刚度比 ratio of rigidity
刚度系数 rigidity factor
刚接 rigid connection
刚性节点 rigid joint
恒载 dead load
荷载传递 transmission of load
固端弯矩 fixed-end moment
活荷载 live load
积灰荷载 dust load
集中荷载 concentrated load
加载, 加荷 loading
剪力 shear, shearing force
剪切破坏 shear failure
剪应变 shear strain
剪应力 shear stress
简支 simple support
静定结构 statically determinate structure
截面模量 modulus of section,
section modulus
静力 static force
静力分析 static analysis
局部压力 local pressure, partial pressure
局部压屈 local bulkling
绝对值 absolute value
均布荷载 uniformly distributed load
抗拔力 pulling resistance
抗剪刚度 shear rigidity
抗剪强度 shear strength, shearing strength
抗拉强度 tensile strength
抗扭 torsion resistance
抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity
抗弯 bending resistance
抗弯刚度 bending rigidity
抗压强度 compressive strength,
compression strength
可靠性 reliability
可靠性设计 reliability design
拉力 tensile force
拉应力 tensile stress, tension stress
拉应变 tensile strain, tension strain
临界点 critical point
临界荷载 critical load
临界应力 critical stress
密度 density
离心力 centrifugal force
摩擦力 friction force
摩擦系数 frictional factor
挠度 deflection
内力 internal force, inner

force
扭矩 moment of torsion, torsional moment
疲劳强度 fatigue strength
偏心荷载 eccentric load, non-central load
偏心距 eccentric distance, eccentricity
偏心受拉 eccentric tension
偏心受压 eccentric compression
屈服强度 yield strength
使用荷载 working load
水平力 horizontal force
水平推力 horizontal thrust
弹塑性变形 elastoplastic deformation
弹性 elasticity, resilience, spring
塑限 plastic limit
弹性变形 elastic deformation
塑性变形 plastic deformation
弹性模量 modulus of elastic,
elastic modulus
体积 volume, bulk, cubature, cubage
土压力 earth pressure, soil pressure
弯矩 bending moment, moment
弯曲半径 radius at bent, radius of curve
位移 displacement
温度应力 temperature stress
温度作用 temperature action
系数 coefficient, factor
雪荷载 snow load
压应变 compression strain
压应力 compression stress
应力集中 concentration of stress
预应力 prestressing force, prestress
振动荷载 vibrating load, racking load
支座反力 support reaction
自重 own weight
作用 action, effect
作用点 point of application,application joint



b. Ground Base and Foundation
地基及基础


板桩 sheet pile, sheeting pile
板桩基础 sheet pile foundation
饱和粘土 saturation clay
冰冻线 frost line, freezing level
不均匀沉降
unequal settlement, differential settlement
残积土 residual soil
沉积物 deposit, sediment
沉降 settlement
沉降差 difference in settlement
沉降缝 settlement joint
沉井 sinking well, sunk well
沉箱 caisson
持力层 bearing stratum
冲积 alluviation
锤夯 hammer tamping
档土墙 retaining wall, breast wall
底板 base slab, base plate, bed plate
地板 floor board
地基 ground base, ground
地基承载力 ground bearing capacity
地基处理 ground treatment, soil treatment
地基稳定 base stabilization
地梁 ground beam, ground sill
地漏 floor drain
地下工程 substructure work,
understructure work
地下室 basement, cellar
地下水 ground water
地下水位 groundwater level, water table
地下水压力 ground water pressure
地质报告 geologic report
垫层 bedding, blinding
独立基础
isolated foundation, individual foundation
端承桩 end-bearing pile
筏式基础 raft foundation
粉砂 silt, rock flour
粉质粘土 silty clay
粉质土 silty soil
扶壁式档土墙 buttressed retaining wall
腐蚀 corrosion
覆土

earth covering
刚性基础 rigid foundation
沟盖板 trench cover
固结 consolidation
灌注桩 cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile
护坡 slope protection, revetment
护桩 guard pile
环墙 ring wall
灰土 lime earth
回填 backfill, backfilling
回填土 backfill, backfill soil
混凝土找平层 concrete screed
火山灰水泥 trass cement
基槽 foundation trench
基础 foundation, base
基础底板 foundation slab
基础埋深 embedded depth of foundation
基础平面图 foundation plan
地基勘探 site exploration, site investigation
基坑 foundation pit
集水坑 collecting sump
阶形基础 stepped foundation
结合层 binding course, bonding course
井点 well point
井点排水 well point unwatering
开挖 excavation, cutting
勘测 exploration and survey
勘测资料 exploration data
沥青 bitumen, asphalt, pitch
联合基础 combined foundation
卵石 cobble, pebble
埋置 embedment
毛石基础 rubble foundation
锚筋 anchor bar
锚桩 anchor pile
密实度 compactness, density, denseness
摩擦桩 friction pile, floating pile
粘土 clay
粘质粉土 clay silt
碾压 roller compaction, rolling
排水 drainage, dewatering
排水沟 drainage ditch
排水孔 weep hole, drain hole
排水设备 dewatering equipment
普通硅酸盐水泥 ordinary Portland cement
群桩 grouped piles
容许沉降 permissible settlement
容许承载力 allowable bearing
软土 soft soil
砂垫层 sand bedding course, sand cushion
砂土 sandy soil, sands
砂质粉土 sandy silt
设备基础 equipment foundation
水泥搅拌桩 cement injection
素土夯实 rammed earth, packed soil



碎石桩 stone columns
弹性地基 elastic foundation
弹性地基梁 beam on elastic foundation
填方 fill, filling
填土 earth-fill, earth filling, filling
条形基础 strip foundation
土方工程 earthwork
挖方 excavation work, excavation
箱形基础 box foundation
压实 compaction, compacting
压实系数 compacting factor
验槽 check of foundation subsoil
预制混凝土桩 precast concrete pile
中砂 medium sand
重力式档土墙 gravity retaining wall
桩承台 pile cap
钻孔桩 bored pile
钻探 exploration drilling, drilling,
最终沉降 final settlement


c.Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构


板缝 slab joint
板厚 thickness of slab
板式楼梯 cranked slab stairs
板跨度 span of slab
薄壁结构 thin-walled structure
薄腹梁 thi

n wedded girder
保护层 protective coating
臂式吊车 boom crane, boom hoist
边梁 edge beam, boundary beam
变截面 variable cross-section
变形缝 movement joint
变形钢筋 deformed bar
初凝 initial setting, pre-setting
次梁 secondary beam
大型屋面板 precast ribbed roof slab
单层厂房 one-storied factory
单筋梁 beam with single reinforcement
单跨 single span
单向板 one-way slab
垫块 cushion block
垫梁 template beam
吊车梁 crane beam, crane girder
顶棚抹灰 ceiling plastering
端跨 end span, tail bay
多跨连续梁 multi-span beam
翻边 upstand
反梁 upstand beam
分布钢筋 distribution-bar
封闭式箍筋 closed stirrup
附加钢筋 additional bar
刚架 rigid frame, stiff frame
钢筋 reinforcement, steel bar, bar
钢筋表 Bar Schedules
钢筋笼 steel reinforcement cage
钢筋间距 spacing of bars, bar spacing
钢筋网 bar-mat reinforcement,
mesh reinforcement
钢筋砖 reinforced brick
勾缝 joint pointing
构架 frame, gallows
构件 member, structural member
构造 construction
构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement
构造柱 onstructional column, tie column
构筑物 structure
箍筋 hoop reinforcement, hooping
箍筋间距 stirrup spacing
固定端 fixed end, retained end
固端梁 fixed-end beam, fixed beam
过梁 lintel, breast summer
混凝土强度等级 grade of concrete
机制砖 machine-made brick
剪力墙 shear wall
简支梁 simply supported beam
经济跨度 economic span
经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement
劲性钢筋 stiff reinforcement
劲性钢筋混凝土结构
steel composite construction
径向钢筋 radial reinforcement
抗剪钢筋 shear reinforcement
抗拉钢筋 tension reinforcement
受压钢筋 compression reinforcement
可见裂缝 visible crack
刻痕钢丝 indented steel wire
坑 pit, hollow, delve
空斗墙 rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall
空心板 hollow slab
空心砖隔墙 hollow tile partition
跨度 span
框架 frame
框架剪力墙结构 frame-shear wall structure
拉接钢筋 tie bar
栏杆 railing, banister
栏杆立柱 railing post
老化 aging
累积误差 accumulated error
肋形楼板 ribbed floor slab
冷拔低碳钢丝 cold-drawn low-carbon wire
冷脆性 cold shortness, cooling brittleness
冷弯 cold bending
冷轧 cold rolling
离析 segregation
梁垫 beam pad, template, pad
梁挠度 beam deflection
楼梯斜梁 string, stringer
螺旋楼梯 spiral stair, winding stai

rcase
马鞍形壳 saddle shell
锚固 anchoring
门框, 门樘 door frame
门式刚架 portal frame
面砖, 墙面砖 facing tile, wall tile
耐火混凝土 fire-resisting concrete
排架 bent, bent frame
女儿墙 parapet wall, parapet
配筋率 reinforcement ratio
配箍率 stirrup ratio
砌块 block
圈梁 ring beam, tie beam, bond beam



山墙 gable
深梁 deep beam
伸缩缝 expansion joint
实腹梁 solid web girder
实腹柱 solid web column
竖向钢筋 vertical reinforcement
双向配筋 two-way reinforcement
素混凝土 plain concrete
筒中筒结构 tube-in-tube structure
网状钢筋 steel mesh reinforcement
围堰 cofferdam, coffer
无梁楼盖 flat slab, flat plate系梁 tie beam
预应力钢筋混凝土
prestressed reinforced concrete
预应力构件 prestressed component
预制 prefabrication
预制板 precast slab
预制构件 prefabrication component
预制装配式结构 prefabricated construction
折板 folded plate, folded slab
折板结构 folded-plate structure
主筋 main reinforcement, main bar
主梁 main beam, girder
柱距 column spacing, post spacing
装配式结构 fabricated structure
纵梁 longitudinal beam
纵剖面 longitudinal section
纵向钢筋 longitudinal bar

d. Steel Structure 钢结构


薄壁型钢 light-gauge steel section,
hollow steel section
不等肢角钢 unequal angle steel
槽钢 channel, channel steel
背对背角钢组合 angles back to back
不锈钢 stainless steel
除锈 rust-removal
粗制螺栓 rough bolt, black bolt
带钢 strip steel, band iron
单面焊 single weld, one-side welding
地脚螺栓 foundation bolt, anchor bolt,
holding down bolt
点焊 spot welding, point welding
电动葫芦 electric hoist
等边角钢 equal angle, equal leg angle
对接焊, 对焊 butt welding
腹板 web plate, web
腹杆 web member
腹板加劲件 web stiffener
杆 rod, bar
钢板 steel plate
钢管 steel tube, steel pipe
钢桁架 steel truss
钢框架 steel frame
钢梯, 爬梯 steel ladder
高强度螺栓 high strength bolt
格构柱 lattice column
工字梁 I-girder, I-beam
工字钢 I-steel
工字形截面 I-shaped cross-section
焊缝 welding seam
焊接 welding
焊接长度 weld length
焊条 welding rod
桁架 truss
红丹底漆 red lead primer
红丹漆 red lead paint
加劲肋 stiffening rib, rib stiffener
加劲板 stiffening plate
角钢 angle steel
节点 joint, node
节点板 gusset

plate, gusset
节点位移 joint displacement
节间长度 panel length
紧固螺栓 clamp bolt, fastening bolt
精制螺栓 turned bolt
可焊性 weldability
空腹桁架 open-web truss
空间桁架 space truss
肋板 ribbed panel, ribbed slab
连接板 connecting plate, joint plate
檩条 purline
螺母 screw nut, nut
螺栓 bolt
螺栓孔 bolt hole
螺纹 screw thread, thread
螺纹长度 length of thread
螺纹钢 screw-threaded steel, twisted steel
拉杆 tie rod, tension rod
满焊 full weld
铆钉 rivet
锰钢 manganese steel
喷砂 sand blasting
轻钢结构 lightweight steel construction
三角架 tripod
上弦 top chord, upper chord
上弦横向水平支撑 upper lateral bracing



上弦纵向水平支撑upper longitudinal bracing
平面桁架 plane truss
实腹刚架 solid web rigid frame
塔架 pylon bent
特种钢 special steel
调和漆 mixed paint
贴角焊 fillet weld, fillet welding
托架 bracket
网架结构 grid structure
屋架 roof truss, principal
无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe
系杆 tie rod, tie bar, tie
下弦 bottom chord, lower chord
下弦横向水平支撑 bottom lateral bracing
斜撑 diagonal brace, diagonal bracing
型钢 section steel, shaped steel
悬索 suspended cable, suspension cable
压力焊 pressure welding
仰焊 overhead welding, inverted welding
翼缘 flange
翼缘板 flange plate, cover plate
轧制型钢 rolled steel section
支撑 bracing, strutting
铸铁管 cast iron pipe
组合槽钢 built-up channel
组合截面built-up section,compound section
自动焊接 automatic welding

e. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计


鞭梢效应 whipping effect
场地类别 site classification
场地土 site soil
单自由度体系single-degree of freedom system
底部剪力法 equivalent base shear method
地震 earthquake, seism
地震烈度 earthquake intensity, seismic intensity
地震烈度区划图 map of seismic intensity zoning
地震影响系数 seismic influence coefficient
地震作用 earthquake action
多自由度体系 multi-degree of freedom system
反应谱 response spectrum
抗震 earthquake resistance
抗震缝 seismic joint, aseismic joint
抗震构造 aseismic construction
抗震设防 earthquake fortification
抗震设计 seismic design
共振 resonance
基本周期 foundamental period
里氏震级 Richter magnitude
烈度 intensity
设计近震 design near earthquake
设计远震 design far earthquake
时程分析法 time history m

ethod
液化 liquefaction
振型 vibration mode
振型分解法 modal analysis method
震源 earthquake focus
震中 earthquake epicenter
自由度 degree of freedom
自振周期 natural period of vibration
f. General Words for Design
设计常用词汇
安装 installation, erection
报价 offer, quoted price
报价单 quotation
壁柱 pilaster, mural column
变更 alteration, variation, modification
变形 deformation
标高 elevation, level
标准 standard, criterion
标准大样 standard detail
标准图 standard drawing
补充规定 additional regulations
补充说明 additional remarks
补充条件 supplementary conditions
不对称 asymmetry
布置 arrangement, layout
布置图 layout plan, layout
材料 material
材料表 bill of materials
材料强度 strength of materials
参见详图 referring to detail drawing
参考点 reference point
参数 parameter
操作平台 operating platform
草图 sketch, draft, rough drawing
侧向刚度 lateral rigidity
侧向稳定 lateral stability
侧向约束 lateral restraint
侧向支撑 lateral bracing, side bracing
拆除 demolition, removal
长细比 slenderness ratio
厂房 factory building, mill building
超静定 statical indetermination
承包 contract
承包商 contractor
等效截面 equivalent section
底标高 bottom elevation
电梯 lift, elevator, electric lift
电梯井 elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft
电梯机房 elevator machine room
方案 scheme, plan, programme
方案设计 schematic plan
方案图 schematic drawing
防爆 explosion protection,explosion-proofing
防潮层 damp-proof course
防冻 freezing prevention, frost protection
防冻剂 antifreeze compound
防腐 preservation
防腐剂 preservative, preservative agent
防滑 slip-resistance
防滑处理 deslicking treatment




防滑条 non-slip insert
防火 fire prevention, fire proofing
防火材料 fireproof material
防火分区 fire compartment
防水 waterproofing
防水材料 waterproof material
防水砂浆 waterproof mortar
防酸 acid proofing
方形 square
防锈 rust prevention
防锈剂 anti-rust agent
防振 vibration protection
分配系数 distribution coefficient
风化 weathering, efflorescence
风向 wind direction
附图 attached drawing
附注 note, annotation
高层建筑 high-rise building
高差 difference in elevation
高跨比 ratio of rise to span
高宽比 depth-width ratio
高耸结构 high-rise structure
隔

断 partition, divider
工程 project, engineering
工程量 quantities
工程量表 bill of quantities
工业厂房 industrial factory building
工业建筑 industrial architecture
公称直径 nominal diameter
公式 formula
公司 company, corporation
拱 arch
共振 resonance, sympathetic vibration
管架 pipe rack
规范 regulation, code
规格 specifications, standards
规模 scale, scope
国家规范 national regulation
国家标准 national standards
合同 contract
横向变形 transverse deformation
横向刚度 lateral rigidity
化工厂 chemical plant
货梯 freight elevator, goods lift
极限承载能力 ultimate bearing capacity
纪要 summary
计算书 calculation sheet
技术资料 technical data
剪刀撑, 交叉撑 X-brace, cross brace
简图 sketch, diagram
简支梁 simple beam
交叉 intersection, crossing
交点 intersection point
铰接 hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection
结构变形 structural deformation
结构图 structural drawing
结构形式 structural style
结构稳定性 structural stability
结论 conclusion, verdict
截面 section
界限 limits, bounds, demarcation line
紧急出口 emergency exit
精确度 accuracy, precision, excatitude,
局部破坏 local failure, partial failure
矩形 rectangular
抗冻 frost resisting
抗风柱 wind resistance column
立面 elevation, facade
粒径 particle diameter
连续梁 continuous beam
两铰拱 two-hinged arch
裂缝 rift, crack, crevice
楼梯 stair
楼梯间 staircase
楼梯扶手 stair rail
楼梯净空 stair headroom
楼梯平台, 休息平台 landing, pace, stair landing
楼梯坡度 pitch of stair, slope of stair
楼梯踏步 stair step
铝合金 aluminum alloy
铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window
民用建筑 civil architecture
摩擦 friction
耐火等级 fire resistance rating




耐久性 durability, endurance
爬梯 cat ladder
疲劳破坏 fatigue failure
频率 frequency
平面布置 plan layout
平台 terrace, platform, deck
平台栏杆 platform railing
剖面 section
剖面图 sectional drawing
侵蚀 corrosion, erosion
倾覆 overturning, toppling
人孔 manhole
容许误差 allowable error, permissible error
容许值 permissible value, allowable value
晒图 blueprinting
上部结构 superstructure
设计要求 design requirements
设计资料 design data
伸缩缝 expansion joint
室外楼梯 exterior stair, outside stairway
双向板 two-way slab
水平撑 horizont

al brace
踏步 step
踏步板 tread
弹簧 spring
填充材料 filling material
填充墙 filler wall
挑板 cantilever slab
挑檐 projecting eaves, overhang eaves
停车场 car park, parking lot
通用构件 standard member
通用图 standard drawing
通用详图 standard detail
统一标准 unified standards
统一构件 unified structure element
投标 bid, tender
招标 bidding
图集 collective drawings, collection of drawings
图签 title block
温差 temperature difference
稳定性 stability, steadiness
污水处理 sewage disposal, sewage treatment
先张法预应力 pretensioned prestressing
现行标准 currently effective standards
详图, 大样 detail drawing, detail
橡胶止水带 rubber waterstop
消防 firefighting, fire protection
斜率 slope
卸荷 unloading
卸货平台 discharging platform, unloading platform
悬臂 cantilever
悬臂板 cantilever slab
悬臂梁 cantilever beam, overhanging beam
悬挂 hanging suspension
压缩机 compressor
压缩模量 modulus of compression
延性 ductility, ductileness
业主 client, owner
一览表 table, schedule, list
有效截面 effective section
预应力损失 loss of prestress, prestressing loss
圆形 circular shape, round
圆柱 circular column, round column
约束 confinement, restraint, constraint
约束条件 constrain condition
展开图 developed drawing
栈桥 landing stage, loading bridge
罩棚 awning
折减系数 reduction factor
折算高度 reduced height
支座 support, pedestal
直爬梯 vertical ladder
止水带 water stop
中和轴 neutral axis
重心 center of gravity
周期 period, cycle
转弯半径 turning radius
转动惯量 rotational inertia
装卸平台 loading and unloading platform

g. General Words for Construction
施工常用词汇
拌和料 mixture
标准级配 standard grading
补强 strengthening, stiffening
测量 survey, measurement
拆模 form removal
尺寸 dimension, size
抄平 leveling
处理 treatment
搭接 lap joint, lapping, overlap joint
搭接长度 splicing length
打底 bedding, priming
打夯, 夯实 ramming, tamping
打桩 pile driving, piling, driving
粗砂 coarse sand
捣实 rodding, tamping
地质勘测 geological exploration, geological survey
吊装 hoisting
定位 locating, positioning
堆料区 stacking area
洞口 opening
放大 enlargement, amplification
放线 setting out
放样 lofting, setting out
分层夯实 compaction in layers
　

　分层回填 back-filling in layers
蜂窝麻面 voids and pits
改建 reconstruction, alteration
改造 transformation, remodeling
钢模 steel mould
钢套管 steel thimble, steel sleeve
工厂预制构件 factory-made component
骨料, 集料 aggregate
骨料级配 gradation of aggregate
骨料粒径 aggregate size
贯入度 penetration
灌浆 grouting, grout jection
和易性 workability
后张法 post-tensioning method




含水量 water content, moisture content
混凝土剥落 scaling of concrete
混凝土外加剂 concrete additive, concrete agent
混凝土浇筑 pouring of concrete
级配 gradation, grading
加固 reinforcement, strengthening
加腋 haunching
间距 spacing, pit
建设 building, construction
建筑安装工程construction and installation work
建筑材料 building materials
建筑结构 building structure
建筑设计院 architecture design institute
建筑施工 building construction
检修人孔 inspection manhole
浇筑 pouring, placing, depositing
脚手架 scaffold, scaffolding
结构标高 structural elevation
进度估计 progress estimate
净高 clear height
净距 clear distance
净空 clearance
绝对标高 absolute elevation, absolute level
竣工 completion
竣工图 “As Built” drawing
开工 commencement of work
扩建 extension, enlargement
离析 segregation
临时设施 construction site facilities
临时道路 temporary road
麻面 hungry spots
埋入长度 embedment length
面层 coat, coating
抹灰 plastering, rendering
抹灰面层 finish plaster
模板 form, shutter board
模板工程 formwork
喷涂 spray coating, spraying
膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt, expansion anchor
平整 leveling
平整场地 leveling of ground
坡道, 斜坡道 ramp, slope ramp, slope way
起吊 hoisting
砂浆 mortar
升板 lift slab
升板法施工 lift slab construction
施工 construction
施工单位 construction organization
施工缝 construction joint, working joint
施工图 construction drawing
时效 aging
试样 sample, test sample
收缩 shrinkage, contraction
水灰比 water-cement ratio
水泥 cement
水泥抹面 cement plaster
水泥砂浆 cement mortar
水泥砂浆找平 cement mortar screeding
坍落度 slump
梯子 ladder, stepladder
提升模板climbing form,climbing shuttering
温度缝 temperature joint
误差 error, inaccuracy
细骨料 fine aggregate
细石混凝土 fine concrete
现场预制 site prefabrication
现浇混凝土 cast-in-

place concrete
相对标高 relative elevation, relative level
徐变 creep
养护 curing
永久变形 permanent deformation
预留孔 preformed hole, prepared hole
预埋件 embedded parts, embedded inserts
预埋螺栓 embedded bolt, inserted bolt
找平 leveling, screeding
找平层 leveling coat, leveling course
振捣 vibration
振捣棒 poker vibration, vibrating needle, vibrator
支模 form erecting, erection of shuttering
最佳级配 optimum gradation
坐标 coordinate


壹、图面名称

平面图 Plan
.草图、速写 sketch

地面层 Ground floor
外观图 Exterior view

楼层 Floor、level
立体图 space diagram

立面图 elevation
图解 graphic method

大样图 detail drawing
动画 cartoon

横剖面 cross section;
设计图 design drawing

纵剖面 Longitudinal section
工程流程图 flow chart

剖面图 sectional view
结构图 structure drawing

配置图 Site plan
水电 Water＆electricity

施工图 working drawing
空调 air conditioner

透视图 perspective drawing
室内装璜 upholster

侧面轮廓传略 profile
家具，设备 Furniture


贰、居家空间名称

入口 entrance
浴室 bathroom

门厅 Lobby 、hall
澡堂、妓院 bagnio

起居室 Living room
厕所 Toile

厨房 kitchen
盥洗室、.洗脸盆 lavatory

餐厅 Dining room
抽水马桶、厕所 water closet

卧室 bedroom
阳台 balcony

车库 garage
回廊，走廊 Gallery、veranda

储藏室 Store
.塔楼，凉亭 gazebo

院子，天井、死巷 court
屋前平台、露台 terrace

地下室 Basement、cellar
室内 Indoor、interior

旅馆门厅、休息室 foyer
户外 outdoors


叁、设计用语

设计 design
尺度、规模 scale
方案 project
比例、比率、部分 proportion

机能 function
统一 Unify

空间 space
变化 variation

场所 place
律动、节奏 rhythm

造型 modelling
双边、对称 bilateral

外貌 form
从容的、缓慢的 easy

舒适 comfortable
紧张 nervous

谐调、融洽 harmony
气氛、基调 atmosphere

牵强、不自在 strained
风格 Style、 manner

布局、轮廓 layout
行为 behaviour

模型 model
模式 pattern

活动 activities
路径 Trajectory、 path


肆、城市空间

聚会地 crossroads
小巷弄小径、胡同 alley

古老的建筑 an ancient building
街道 street、road、way

宏伟的建筑 a magnificent structure
美国南北向街道 avenue

历史建筑 historic building
宽敞步道、林荫路 boulevard

河道 river course
地标 Land mark

市集庙会、展销会 fair;
广场 Square、plaza

市场 market
地铁 Metro、 subway

博物馆 museum
公园 park、public garden

市政厅 City hall
停车场 parking lot

大百货店 emporium
自选商品店 supermarket

校园 campus
共