A Survey of Visibility for Walkthrough Applications Daniel Cohen-Or1￠ 1Tel Aviv Universit

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一种基于OC的大规模场景可视化算法

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Ｏ引言
随着虚拟现实技术的发展，规模场景越来越多地出现在大
剪裁后被有效剔除，是对于墙后侧的物体Ｂ即使用Ｐｒｌ但ｏｔ也ａ无法剔除，这就要采用遮挡剔除０ＯｃｕｉｎＣｌｎ）ｃ（ｃｌｓｕｌｇ来实现ｏｉ
一
种基于ＯＣ的大规模场景可视化算法
赵玮张力陈福民
（济大学计算机科学－：ｂＩ程系七２０９海００２）
（济大学计算中心同上海２０９）００２
摘
要
为了实现大规模三维场景的有效剔除，简要分析了已有可视化算法之后，出了一个完整的采用遮挡剔除的场景可视在提
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A Flexible Technique for Accurate Omnidirectional Camera Calibration and

1 This work was supported by the European project COGNIRON (the Cognitive Robot Companion).
Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS 2006) 0-7695-2506-7/06 $20.00 © 2006 IEEE
1. Introduction
Accurate calibration of a vision system is necessary for any computer vision task requiring extracting metric information of the environment from 2D images, like in ego-motion estimation and structure from motion. While a number of methods have been developed concerning planar camera calibration [19, 20, 21], little work on omnidirectional cameras has been done, and the primary focus has been on particular sensor types.
Conversely, the methods described in [10, 11, 12, 14] fall in the self-calibration category. These methods require no calibration pattern, nor a priori knowledge about the scene. The only assumption is the capability to automatically find point correspondences in a set of panoramic images of the same scene. Then, calibration is directly performed by epipolar geometry by minimizing an objective function. In [10, 12], this is done by employing a parabolic mirror, while in [11, 14] a fish-eye lens with a view angle greater than 180° is used. However, besides focusing on particular sensor types, the mentioned self-calibration techniques may suffer in case of tracking difficulties and of a small number of features points [16].

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DDS(1)

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Android应用隐私条例与敏感行为一致性检测

*The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61401038,61702045(国家自然科学基金);the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2015AA017202(国家高技术研究发展计划项目);the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department Frontier and Key Technology Innovation Project under Grant No.2016B010110002(广东省科学技术厅前沿与关键技术创新项目);the State Grid Corporation of China Key Technology Innovation Project under Grant No.SGRIXTKJ[2017]265(国家电网公司科技项目);the BUPT Youth Research and Innovation Program under Grant No.2017RC40(北京邮电大学青年科研创新计划专项);Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia under Grant No.ITSM200601(北京邮电大学智能通信软件与多媒体北京市重点实验室项目).Received 2017-09-26,Accepted 2017-11-16.CNKI 网络出版:2017-11-28,/kcms/detail/11.5602.TP.20171128.0857.010.html计算机科学与探索Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and TechnologyAndroid 应用隐私条例与敏感行为一致性检测*王靖瑜1，徐明昆1，王浩宇2+，徐国爱31.北京邮电大学网络技术研究院，北京1008762.北京邮电大学计算机学院，北京1008763.北京邮电大学网络空间安全学院，北京100876+通讯作者E-mail:haoyuwang@ 摘要：移动应用会频繁使用敏感信息，因此，Google 建议开发者在上传应用时发布隐私条例文档，从而更好地保护用户隐私。

Android通过MobiHeld进入MobiWorld

Android & Pervasive Computing -6-
(3) 搜索结果
MobiHeld 2009 - Session 2: Security
Offline NFC Payments with Electronic Vouchers （Katholieke Universiteit Leuven））做什么: 基于NFC的手机支付做什么基于的手机支付为什么做: 为什么做 NFC安全性好安全性好怎么做: 传输电子代金卷(eVoucher)实现手机支怎么做 NFC传输电子代金卷传输电子代金卷实现手机支付 eVoucher就是就是money，其就是，传输的安全型很重要
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SMS-based Contextual Web Search（New York （ University））做什么: 发一个短信进行Web Search，结果用一个短做什么发一个短信进行，信返回为什么做: 不是所有的人都有智能手机，但所有的人都为什么做不是所有的人都有智能手机，想知道今天天气如何? 想知道今天天气如何怎么做: 一个Server负责帮你搜索，然后将结果网页摘负责帮你搜索，怎么做一个负责帮你搜索要成140个字符短信最多个字符(短信最多个字符) 要成个字符短信最多140个字符个字符 (1) SMS(2G) (2) Internet phone Server Google (4) distill(蒸馏蒸馏) 蒸馏
Android & PervasivobiHeld 2009 - Session 2: Security

脑监护仪

旋轉式電阻抗斷層攝影系統之電極設計Designing of the Moving Electrodes in Rotary Electrical ImpedanceTomography System1徐鳳明2尤芳銘 1黃振寧1*鍾鴻源1Feng-Ming Hsu 2Fang-Ming Yu 1Cheng-Ning Huang 1Hung-Yuan Chung*1國立中央大學電機工程學系Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University1* Corresponding authorE-mail: hychung@.tw2聖約翰科技大學資訊工程系Department of computer science and information Engineering,St. John’s University摘要阻抗影像的空間解析度(spatial resolution)和分辨率(distinguishability)是判斷EIT測量系統成像品質的重要指標，電阻抗斷層攝影系統中我們所採用的系統架構、電流驅動模式、定電流源的穩定度與重建演算法皆會影響阻抗成像的品質。

利用旋轉式電極的概念，我們可以增加邊界電壓的獨立資料量數倍，使得影像解析度不佳的問題獲得大幅的改善。

然而，EIT測量系統易受雜訊干擾與金屬電極氧化的影響，引起邊界電壓資料精確度不佳、可靠性低，導致成像失敗，而影響系統精確度不佳的主要原因為與待測區域接觸的感測電極。

本文將提出新型的複合式電極結構，可有效增加電壓電極之間的間距與電流電極的接觸面積，提高訊號雜訊比(SNR)，與成像分辨率，由實驗獲得的成像結果可以驗證，旋轉式電阻抗斷層攝影系統的精確度已獲得更進ㄧ步的改善。

關鍵字: 旋轉式電阻抗斷層攝影系統、空間解析度、分辨率、複合式電極結構AbstractSpatial resolution and distinguishability is an important index to estimate the image quality of electrical impedance tomography system. The factors affecting the quality of EIT image include the system structure, the constant current source, the reconstructor algorithm, and current driven pattern. By Utilizing the rotary electrode, REIT can increase the boundary voltage and make the spatial resolution of the impedance image better. However, The accuracy of the measurement data is easily influenced by the noise and the oxidization of the metal electrode. These noises lead to failure of the image reconstruction. Because the main reason for impairing the system accuracy is caused by the structure of the electrode array. In this paper we will propose a new composed-electrode structure. Increasing the interval between voltage-collection electrodes and expanding the area of the current-driven electrodes can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the distinguishability effectively. According to the experimental results, the image quality of REIT become much better.Keywords: rotary electrical impedance tomography (REIT), spatial resolution, distinguishability ,composed-electrode structure1.EIT簡介 (Introduction)1976年美國Wisconsin Madison大學的Swanson教授首先提出胸剖面(frontal plane)阻抗成像技術，因而引起各國學者的廣泛興趣，開始著手研究人體的電阻抗成像，作為醫學診斷的輔助工具。

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ASurveyofVisibilityforWalkthroughApplicationsDanielCohen-Or1YiorgosChrysanthou2†Cl´audioT.Silva3‡1TelAvivUniversity2UniversityCollegeLondon3AT&TLabs-Research

AbstractThelastfewyearshavewitnessedtremendousgrowthinthecomplexityofcomputergraphicsmodelsaswellasnetwork-basedcomputing.Althoughsigniﬁcantprogresshasbeenmadeinthehandlingofspeciﬁctypesoflargepolygonaldatasets(i.e.,architecturalmodels)onsinglegraphicsworkstations,onlyrecentlyhaveresearchersstartedtoturntheirattentiontomoregeneralsolutions,whichnowincludenetwork-basedgraphicsandvirtualenvironments.Thesituationislikelytoworseninthefuturesince,duetotechnologiessuchas3Dscanning,graphicalmodelsarebecomingincreasinglycomplex.Oneofthemosteffectivewaysofmanagingthecomplexityofvirtualenvironmentsisthroughtheapplicationofsmartvisibilitymethods.Visibilitydetermination,theprocessofdecidingwhatsurfacescanbeseenfromacertainpoint,isoneofthefundamentalproblemsincomputergraphics.Itisrequirednotonlyforthecorrectdisplayofimagesbutalsoforsuchdiverseapplicationsasshadowdetermination,globalillumination,cullingandinteractivewalkthrough.Theimportanceofvisibilityhaslongbeenrecognized,andmuchresearchhasbeendoneinthisareainthelastthreedecades.Theproliferationofsolutions,however,hasmadeitdifﬁcultforthenon-experttodealwiththiseffectively.Meanwhile,innetwork-basedgraphicsandvirtualenvironments,visibilityhasbecomeacriticalissue,presentingnewproblemsthatneedtobeaddressed.Inthissurveywereviewthefundamentalissuesinvisibilityandconductanoverviewoftheworkperformedinrecentyears.

1IntroductionThetermvisibilityisverybroadandhasmanymeaningsandapplicationsinvariousﬁeldsofcomputerscience.Here,wefocusonvisibilityalgorithmsinsupportofvirtualrealityapplications.Foramoregeneralsurveysee[23](alsoappearsin[14]).Forthoseinterestedinthecomputationalgeometryliterature,see[21,20,22].Zhang’sthesis[80]containsashortsurveyofcomputergraphicsvisibilitywork.MollerandHaines[50,Chapter7]coverseveralaspectsofvisibilityculling.(a)(b)Figure1:Withindoorscenesoftenonlyaverysmallpartofthegeometryisvisiblefromanygivenview-point.CourtesyofCraigGotsman,Technion.

Wedealprimarilywithalgorithmsrelatedtowalkthroughapplicationswhereweassumethatasceneconsistsofaverylargenumberofprimitives.Moreover,weassumethatmodelskeepgettinglargerandmorecomplexandthatuserappetitewillneverbesatisﬁedwiththecomputationalpoweravailable.Forverycomplexmodelswecanusuallydobetterwithasmartrenderingalgorithmthanwithfastermachines.Oneofthemostinterestingvisibilityproblemsinthiscontextistheoneofselectingasetofpolygonsfromthemodelthatisvisiblefromagivenviewpoint.Moreformally(after[21]),letthescene,,becomposedofmodelingprimitives(e.g.,triangles)01...,n,andaviewingfrustumdeﬁninganeyeposition,aviewdirection,andaﬁeldofview.Thevisibilityproblemencompassesﬁndingthevisiblefragmentswithinthescene,thatis,connectedtotheeyepointbyalinesegmentthatmeetstheclosureofnootherprimitive.Oneoftheobstaclestosolvingthevisibilityproblemisitscomplexity.ForascenewithnOprimitives,thecomplexityofthesetofvisiblefragmentsmightbeashighasOn2(i.e.,quadraticinthenumberofprimitivesintheinput).Whatmakesvisibilityaninterestingproblemisthatforlargescenes,thenumberofvisiblefragmentsisusuallymuchsmallerthanthetotalsizeoftheinput.Forexample,inatypicalurbanscenes,onecanseeonlyaverysmallportionoftheentiremodel,regardlessofone’slocation.Suchscenesaresaidtobedenselyoccluded,inthesensethatfromanygivenviewpoint,onlyasmallfractionofthesceneisvisible[15].Otherexamplesincludeindoorscenes,wherethewallsofaroomoccludemostofthescene,andinfact,fromanyviewpointinsidetheroom,onemayonlyseethedetailsofthatroomorthosevisiblethroughtheportals,seeFigure1.Adifferentexampleisacopyingmachine,showninFigure2,wherefromtheoutsideonecanonlyseeitsexternalparts.Althoughintuitive,thisinformationisnotavailableaspartofthemodelrepresentation,andonlyanon-trivialalgorithmcandetermineitautomatically.Notethatoneofitsdoorsmightbeopen.Visibilityisnotaneasyproblem,sinceasmallchangeintheviewpointmightcauselargechangesinthevisibility.Itmeansthatsolvingtheproblematonepointdoesnothelpmuchinsolvingitatanearbypoint.

2(a)(b)

Figure2:Acopyingmachine;onlyafractionofthegeometryisvisiblefromtheoutside.CourtesyofCraigGotsman,Technion.

(a)(b)Figure3:Asmallchangeintheviewingpositioncancauselargechangesinthevisibility.