英语语法专项：虚拟语气用法详解及练习(附答案)

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

这种句子称为含蓄条件句。

例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。

根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。

其具体运用体现在：1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：The general sent the order that the battle （should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately. （二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。

1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。

如：He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if，as though引导的从句。

如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。

如：If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。

如：It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。

如：Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.虚拟语气练习题1．If you ______ the Minister of Education, which subject would you rather have _______ from the College Entrance Examination?A．are; included B．had been; been excludedC．were to; include D．were; removed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词辨析。

句意为：假如你是教育部长，你愿意把哪一科从大学入学考试中删除？第一个空表示对将来的假设，be动词应该用were的虚拟，第二个空remove…from…表示“把……从……中去掉”，故选D。

2．_______ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about computer games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A．If I devoted B．Had I devotedC．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时间错综的虚拟条件句。

此处主句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；从句用would + 动词原形的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。

3．They suggested that the professor ______ just now ______ chairman of the meeting. A．referring to; was made B．referring to; be madeC．referred to; be made D．referred to; was made【答案】C【解析】【详解】试题分析：第一个空是在考查非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the professor，refer to（关系到，涉及到，谈及）与refer to 之间的关系为被动，所以应为referred to. 第二个空是考查重点动词suggest的用法，其后的宾语从句应为虚拟的用法，即should +vt,其中should可省略，所以应为be made，故答案应为C。

考点：考查非谓语动词及重点动词的用法。

4． If John Lennon and Paul McCartney _______ , the pop music of today ________ very different.A．didn’t meet ; would beB．hadn’t met; would beC．didn’t meet ; would have beenD．hadn’t met ; would have been【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。

虚拟语气用于状语从句中，与过去事实相反的假设：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主句主语 + should/would/could/might have+过去分词，但是虚拟条件句和主句动作若发生的时间的不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。

题文中的主句有表现在时间的today，所以应该是主句主语+should/ would/could/might+动词原形。

句意：如果约翰列侬和保罗麦卡特尼没有相遇，那今天的流行音乐将大有不同。

故选B。

考点：考查虚拟语气5．-What life_______be like without cell phones？-I cannot imagine it！A．may B．can C．will D．would【答案】D【解析】【详解】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气。

without cell phones相当于含蓄条件句，主句中用would/could/should/might加动词原形。

6．—Did you make it at last?—Yes. But for your help, it________a serious loss.A．would cause B．must have causedC．would have caused D．may cause【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。