英语可数名词与不可数名词
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可数名词与不可数名词“分家”
一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。不可数名词没有复数形式.
二、可数名词的家务事
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则变化如下:
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:
book → books room → rooms
house → houses map →maps
2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:
bus → buses glass → glasses brush → brushes
watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city → cities body → bodies party→ parties
factory → factories story → stories family → families
4. 以"元,音字母+y"结尾的名词,在词尾直接加-s. 如:
boy → boys day→ days monkey → monkeys key → keys
5. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half → halves leaf → leav es thief → thieves shelf → shelves
knife → knives wife → wives wolf → wolves life → lives
但roof →roofs
6 以o 结尾的名词变复数时加-es , 如: Negro → Negroes hero → heroes
potato →potatoes tomato → tomatoes 加-s: 如:
photo → photos radio → radios zoo → zoos
piano →pianos kilo → kilos kangaroo →kangaroos
(6)由man, woman 构成的合成名词,变复数时将名词及man,
woman都变成复数。
如:man driver→men drivers; woman teacher→women
teachers
但其他合成名词,只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。•如:a banana tree→banana trees; a shoe factory→shoe •factories
.不规则变化
可数名词复数形式的的不规则变化
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:
如:man→men; woman→women; Frenchman→Frenchmen; Policeman →policemen policewoman →policewomen
Englishman →Englishmen
tooth→teeth; foot→feet; goose→geese mouse →mice
(2) 词尾加( r ) en 如: child→children ox →oxen
(3)单复数形式相同
如:sheep→sheep; fish→fish; deer →deer
Chinese→Chinese; Japanese→Japanese
yuan→yuan
形式为单数意思为复数
如:people,police,
形式为复数意思为单数
如:news, maths, physics, the United States等。
总以复数形式出现:
如:pants, shorts, clothes,glasses, goods ,compasses
Scissors ,jeans
只用作复数的: people, police
以复数形式出现,但表示单数: news ,Maths , physics , politics
集体名词的数: 集体名词表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体如: family ,class , team , group 等, 他们以单数出现,北但实为复数. 如果强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数. 如:
My family are watching TV. My family is a happy one .
用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games
on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
参考答案:
1. sheep
2. food
3. teeth
4. water
5. people
6. photos
7. tomatoes
8. leaves
9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice