(完整word版)2018杨浦区二模附答案2018.3
上海市杨浦区2018届高三二模语文试卷及答案
杨浦区2017 -2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研语文学科试卷（满分150分，时间150分钟）2018年4月积累应用（10分）1. 按要求填空。
（5分）⑴ ____________ ，长安不见使人愁。
（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）⑵ ___________ , 尽西风， 季鹰归未。
（ 辛弃疾《 水龙吟•__________ 》） ⑶韩愈在《师说》 中客观地指出弟子不一定不及老师，老师也不一定比弟子贤能，其 原因在于“ ______________ , ____________ ”。
2. 按要求选择。
（5分）⑴同学们在毕业二十年之后聚会，各自事业有成， 班主任想要用一句古诗词来表达此刻 的喜悦激动心情，恰当的一句是 （）（2分）⑵填入下面语段空白处的语句， 最恰当的是 （）（3分）__________ ?这在很多人看来是一个不可理喻甚至有点蠢的问题, 明白的 问题。
电影是人类历史上最伟大的发明之一，自然有其独特的魅力所在。
可是作为最 古老的艺术形式之一的戏剧， 也不能被我们忘记，因为其生动的现场总是充满了震撼人 心的力量，让我们站在生活之上俯瞰生活A. 有了戏剧，为什么会出现电影这项发明B. 有了电影， 为什么人们还需要看戏剧C. 电影和戏剧，哪一种艺术形式最终会永远为人铭记D. 电影和戏剧， 对于我们日常生活的意义究竟在哪里阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成第3 — 7题。
（15分）① 任何文字都是为了满足交际需要 ,适应口语发展而创造出来的。
汉字也不例外， 汉 字是语言符号，是文化传播的媒介，这是汉字基本的功能。
但同时又是一种生命符号。
汉字最早叫文， 顾炎武说：“春秋以上言文不言字。
” 汉字是一种具有鲜明感性特征 的视觉符号。
在六书所述的前四种造字方法中，象形是它的基础。
② 汉字由象形文字发展而来。
我们说汉字是一种生命符号， 与这种象形特征有密切 关系。
拼音文字是以人所创造的一批抽象代码的组合， 去记录语言、 传播文化， 而以 象形文字为基础的汉字则与之不同。
完美2018年杨浦区高三英语二模(免编辑含答案)
上海市杨浦区2018年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2018.4Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. On the playground. B. In a department store.C. In the school building.D. In a stadium.2. A. $518. B. $580.C. $614.D. $640.3. A. Mr. Johnson‟s ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson‟s views.C. Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D. He shares the woman‟s views on social welfare.4. A. New ways to charge phones.B. The spread of false information.C. Interesting videos on WeChat.D. How people enlarge their circle of friends.5. A. The weather report is far from the truth.B. The heat continues to the end of the week.C. He will hang out at the end of the week.D. He‟s relieved to have gone through the hot days.6. A. See the Hollywood movie.B. Skip the beginning of the movie.C. Go to sleep early.D. Watch the movie advertisement.7. A. The woman has been chatting with her parents for a long time.B. There is something wrong with her parents‟ telephone.C. It‟s very likely that the phone is not properly hung up.D. Her parents are busy talking on the phone for 30 minutes.8. A. A big sports centre is opened to the public.B. A swimming pool has already been completed.C. More facilities will be finished ahead of time.D. It has the most impressive building for miles around.9. A. His words are not so reliable.B. He is well prepared for the test.C. He is well-informed and knows everything.D. He knows a lot about the school arrangement.10. A. They are raising money for their club.B. They will go on to call more people.C. They will finish working today.D. They‟re glad to contribute money.Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be askedseveral questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They can remind themselves to make full use of time.B. They can keep time when they are writing a novel.C. They should pay by the minute when they leave.D. They can get a clock as a gift for buying the coffee.12. A. Customers should wash their own dishes for there is no waitress.B. The relaxed atmosphere attracts like-minded people to socialize there.C. Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served there.D. Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face communication is encouraged there.13. A. It has proved to be popular in both Britain and Russia.B. The pilot shop in London is not as successful as expected.C. It‟s not well-received in Britain because it costs more.D. It takes time to see whether British people like it or not.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Teach students how to avoid errors in writing.B. Correct test papers on Chinese language course.C. Help foreigners to learn Chinese characters.D. Correct mistakes in students‟ speeches.15. A. It should be connected with a laser printer.B. Essays of different styles should be stored in it.C. The paper text should be changed into digital text.D. Character recognition system should be installed in it.16. A. It cannot work as efficiently and accurately as a real teacher.B. It cannot appreciate the content and the beauty of language.C. It cannot use different symbols to mark different mistakes.D. Its Chinese linguistic data system is not big and complete.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The post is really funny.B. They enjoy bullying（欺负）Bill.C. They all get along well with Bill.D. They often give likes to friend‟s post.18. A. He pushed Bill down the stairs.B. He made fun of the man last year.C. He made negative comments on the post.D. He once hurt the man‟s feeling seriously.19. A. Lead to quarrels and isolation.B. Seek revenge and behave violently.C. Improve endurance and interpersonal skills.D. Affect academic performance and emotional health.20. A. Delete his post as soon as possible.B. Apologize to Bill for his hurtful post.C. Convince Bill of his well-meant action.D. Stop posting anything about Bill for a while.II. Grammar and vocabularySection AWhen it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a global leader (21)______ innovation.According to the World Economic Forum‟s Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Israel is the second (22)______ (innovative) nation in the world, just after Switzerland.Many of us (23)______ not be aware, but technologies developed in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software (24)______ protects our computers was first developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, features on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength (25)______ (power) the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. (26)______ ______ ______ Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to contribute to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, (27)______ (bring) Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.(28)______ (found) on very dry land, Israel had been worried about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel (29)______ (improve), with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater and wastewater into usable water.In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students (30)______ (seek) quality higher education in Israel. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they will be in positions to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma Afterman, manager of Israel-China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.Parents have been concerned about their kids‟ use of technology since the dawn of technology – or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. Today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up __31__ to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that …50s moms and dad s could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech __32__. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly __33__ hold on all of us – and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora‟s Box she and her husband helped open. “I spent my career in technology.I wasn‟t prepared for its effect on my kids,” she wrote. “Phones and apps aren‟t good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don‟t yet have the emotional tools to deal with life‟s complication and __34__, they can add to the difficulties of growing up.”A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the U.S. between 1991-2016, and __35__ markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness. It found that such well-being suddenly decreased after 2012 – just at the time that the use of smartphone and social media __36__. There was a direct correlation between the amount of time spent on electronics and unhappiness. Happiness was highest among kids who participated in sports, followed by in-person socializing and __37__ services. The lowest? Online computer games –the abuse of which has recently been __38__ a recognized mental health disorder by the World Health Organization – and social media.Early this year, big players formerly of tech companies such as Google and Facebook created the Center for Humane Technology and, in partnership with the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media, __39__ a full media and advertising attack on the very industry they had a hand in building. Their initiative, the Truth about Tech, is pouring millions of dollars into a(n) __40__ to warn parents, teachers and students that the technology they use is in fact engineered to addict them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AIf you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? This is usually just a theoretical question. The idea of suddenly taking the form of your neighbor, a celebrity or even your dog is fun to think about, but seemingly impossible to __41__.Yet a few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. “The first seconds are just overwhelming,” says Rikke Frances Wahl, a woman who __42__ became a man. “It feels mysterious. You start to feel more and more comfortable in it, and you start to really get the __43__ of how it would be if it were your body.”Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping(替换) experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She __44__ her new body using a machine called The Machine to be Another. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users put on a virtual reality headset with a camera installed to the top of it. The video from each camera is piped to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your __45__. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person‟s body without actually having control of it, participants start by moving their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. __46__, this kind of slow, synchronized(同步) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they were living in another person‟s body. “It was so natural,” Wahl says, laughing, “and at the same time it was so unnatural.”Interestingly, using such technology __47__ to alter people‟s behaviour afterwards – potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be __48__ in fighting implicit racism(隐性种族歧视). Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people‟s associations between.Another study showed that using the so-called “rubber hand illusion(错觉)” can have the same __49__. When that rubber hand is a colour unlike their skin, participants __50__ lower on tests for implicit racism than when they watched a hand of the same skin colour.The idea is that once you‟ve “put yourself in another‟s shoes” you‟re less likely to think __51__ of them, because your brain has __52__ the feeling of being that person.Wahl says that she‟d jump at the chance to swap bodies with someone again. “I would really, really __53__ it to everyone, everyone should try this thing,” she says. “We all have different feelings and points of views about things,” says Pointeau, “and it‟s really strongly related to our __54__ experience. With this kind of experience we can __55__ empathy – the action of understanding, but also maybe help people better understand themselves too.”41. A. execute B. excuse C. explore D. exhibit42. A. contemporarily B. permanently C. temporarily D. secretly43. A. passion B. fantasy C. familiarity D. energy44. A. inherited B. altered C. endured D. acquired45. A. reflection B. partner C. colleague D. image46. A. Consciously B. Constantly C. Eventually D. Equivalently47. A. requires B. prefers C. promises D. volunteers48. A. progressive B. informative C. realistic D. intention49. A. impact B. instruction C. initiative D. intention50. A. analyzed B. scored C. predicted D. valued51. A. highly B. ill C. straight D. fairly52. A. expressed B. mixed C. internalized D. deleted53. A. connect B. advertise C. register D. recommend54. A. bodily B. sensitive C. mental D. initial55. A. endure B. promote C. honor D. identifySection B(A)A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn‟t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I‟d say: Brexit should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would be a reversal of history.Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country like Roma nia fund a nurse‟s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn‟t.The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who have made London‟s state schools the UK‟s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites(精英) who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King‟s College said: “The problem of UK vocational education has been k nown for at least a century. We‟ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary(助学金) for people training to be nurses, midwives and speech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.If Britain doesn‟t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world‟s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britons queuing to replace them, much of this year‟s produce rotted in the fields.So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today‟s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous(同种类的), relatively poor and under-serviced.56. The UK is fighting a war against talent because ______.A. skilled immigrants leave the country after BrexitB. it doesn‟t have enough fund to train its own citizensC. too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobsD. it is trying a different approach to attracting talent57. Which is FALSE about the situation in the UK before Brexit?A. Hospital employed many immigrant nurses.B. Much attention was paid to the nurse training.C. Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs.D. Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs.58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK.B. The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support.C. A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers.D. The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare.59. According to the writer, the post-Brexit Britain is likely to ______.A. be as rich and powerful as it used to beB. be as convenient as it was before BrexitC. be different in style but the same in essenceD. go backward in economy and social service(B)FreethisThe DJI Mavic Pro folds down as small as a bottle ofyou New OcuSync transmission system offers up to 7km offeaturessensor DJI Spark Alopine White with Extra Battery &ANDmovingRecord ultra-stable Full HD footage and 12MP stills Measures approximately the same size as can of popD14.3cmFreeActiveavoidstabilityProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone WithIt folds away small enough to fit into your backpackTap a button to take off. Tap a button to land. It‟s thatyourIt automatically returns to you at the touch of ayourhone60. The four drones(无人机) are listed in order of ______.A. popularityB. discountC. priceD. size61. If you want to share what you shoot on WeChat within the shortest time, _______ is recommended.A. DJI Mavic Pro 4K Foldable Camera DroneB. DJI Spark Alpine WhiteC. DJI Phantom 4 4K Camera DroneD. ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone62. Among the four types, ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone has a unique feature that ______.A. its maximum speed is the highestB. users can pilot it just by moving fingersC. it can be controlled by smartphoneD. it takes up the least space when folded(C)It‟s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provide students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program‟s website and on social media.“The GLOBE Progra m is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marile Colon Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA‟s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We‟re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds.”Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth‟s Radiant Energy System (CERES).Even though CERES‟ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds(细小的卷云) from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow(片状雪) or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their suface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colon Robles.You don‟t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don‟t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colon Robles offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you‟ll be collecting data.63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.64. The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaning to ______.A. createB. cancelC. countD. confirm65. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app.B. Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media.66. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA Employs New members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.D. Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 millionpeople to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world –sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia andLatin America. ___67___Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.___68___ It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are diffe rent opportunities. ___69___ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report‟s team lead.“___70___” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.Ⅳ. Summary WritingIt is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents' views of life vary, they show their love in different ways．The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore，they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have litter respect for others‟ opinions, least of all, their children's. The sen tence they say most frequently to their children is, “you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-nature, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so tong as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything for their children's sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friends-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children's interests, and listen attentively to their children's expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Let's put our heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.Ⅴ. Translation72. 据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。
上海市杨浦区2018届高考二模数学试题含答案
已知 A {x | y 2 x x 2 } ， B {x | x 1} ，则 A B 等于（ A. [0,1] U (2, )
B.
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15. 已知 a12 b12 0 ， a2 2 b2 2 0 ，则“
上海市杨浦区 2018 届高三二模数学试卷
2018.04
一. 填空题（本大题共 12 题，1-6 每题 4 分，7-12 每题 5 分，共 54 分） 1. 函数 y lg x 1 的零点是 2. 计算： lim
2n n 4n 1
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8. 若双曲线
x 2 16 y 2 2 1 ( p 0) 的左焦点在抛物线 y 2 2 px 的准线上，则 p 3 p
3 ，则 tan 2 y 的值为 5
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10. 若 {an } 为等比数列， an 0 ，且 a2018
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1 1 ，试判断 f ( x) 是否为 函数，并说明理由； x 1 ，其中常数 t 0 ，证明： g ( x) 是 函数； 2 t
2018届杨浦区高考数学二模答案
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷答案 2018.4.10一、填空题 1. 10x = ；2． 21 ； 3．4 ； 4. 12 ； 5．3 ； 6. 2； 7．3 ；8．4； 9． 2424.77-或 ；10．4 ； 11．； 12. 34二、选择题13． C ； 14 . A ； 15． B ; 16. D ;三、解答题17．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分） 【解】（1） 要使营运累计收入高于800元，令80080060212>-+-x x ， …………………………………2分解得8040<<x . …………………………………5分 所以营运天数的取值范围为40到80天之间 .…………………………………7分 （2）6080021+--=xx x y …………………………………9分 20604002=+-≤ 当且仅当18002x x=时等号成立，解得400x = …………………………12分 所以每辆单车营运400天时，才能使每天的平均营运利润最大，最大为20元每天 .…14分 18．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）【解】以D 为坐标原点，建立如图所示的坐标系，则D (0,0,0),A （1，0，0），B (1,1,0)，C (0,1,0),D 1(0,1,2),A 1(1,0,1)，设E (1,m,0)（0≤m≤1） （1）证明：1(1,0,1)DA =，1(1,,1)ED m =--………2分 111(1)0()110DA ED m ⋅=⨯-+⨯-+⨯=………4分所以DA 1⊥ED 1. ……………6分另解：1ADA AE 平面⊥，所以D A AE 1⊥. ……………2分又11AD D A ⊥，所以AE D D A 11平面⊥. ……………………………4分 所以11DA ED ⊥……………………………6分（2）以A 为原点，AB 为x 轴、AD 为y 轴、AA 1为z 轴建立空间直角坐标系…………7分 所以)1,0,0(1A 、)0,1,0(D 、)0,1,1(C 、)1,1,0(1D ，设t AE =，则)0,0,(t E ………8分设平面CED 1的法向量为),,(z y x =，由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅01CD 可得⎩⎨⎧=--=+-0)1(0y x t z x ，所以⎩⎨⎧-==x t y xz )1(，因此平面CED 1的一个法向量为)1,1,1(-t ………10分由直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45，可得||||45sin 11n DA =︒ ……11分可得1)1(12|11|222+-+⋅+-=t t ，解得21=t ………13分 由于AB=1，所以直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45时，点E 在线段AB 中点处. …14分 19．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）【解】（1）14-=n n a S ，所以n n a S 41=+.两式相减得1144-+-=-n n n n a a S S . 即1144-+-=n n n a a a………2分所以)2(2211-+-=-n n n n a a a a ，即12-=n n b b ，………3分又8412==a S ，所以6122=-=a S a ，得22121=-=a a b ………4分因此数列{}n b 为以2为首项，2为公比的等比数列.nn b 2=，前n 项和为221-+n …7分（2）当n=2时，1222a a S μλ+=，所以μλ2623+=+.又32λμ+= 可以解得21=λ，1=μ………9分所以12-+=n n n a a n S ，n n n a a n S ++=++1121，两式相减得111221-++-+-+=n n n n n a a a n a n a 即112221-++-=-n n n a a n a n .猜想1+=n a n ，下面用数学归纳法证明：①当n=1或2时，1121+==a ，1232+==a ，猜想成立； ②假设当k n ≤（2,*≥∈k N k ）时，1k a k =+ 成立则当1+=k n 时，2))1(22(12)22(1211+=++--=+--=-+k k k k k a a k k a k k k 猜想成立. 由①、②可知，对任意正整数n ，1+=n a n .………13分 所以11=-+n n a a 为常数，所以数列{}n a 是等差数列.………14分另解：若23a =，由12212a a a a +=+λμ，得562=+λμ， 又32+=λμ，解得112==，λμ． ………9分 由12a =，23a =，12λ= ，1μ=，代入1n n n S na a λμ-=+得34a =，所以1a ，2a ，3a 成等差数列， 由12n n n nS a a -=+，得1112n n n n S a a +++=+，两式相减得：111122n n n n n n na a a a a ++-+=-+- 即11(1)(2)20n n n n a n a a +-----=所以 21(1)20n n n na n a a ++---= ………11分相减得：2112(1)(2)220n n n n n na n a n a a a ++---+--+= 所以2111(2)2(2)0n n n n n n n a a a a a a +++--++-+=所以221111-222(2)(2)(2)(1)n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a n n n +++---+=--+=-+-1321(2)(2)(1)2n a a a n n --==-+-， 因为12320a a a -+=，所以2120n n n a a a ++-+=，即数列{}n a 是等差数列.………14分20．（本题满分16分，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分6分） 【解】（1）椭圆99:22=+Ωy x ，两个焦点)22,0(1F 、)22,0(2-F ，设),(y x K所以2212()(,)8KF KF x y x y x y ⋅=-⋅--=+-由于2299x y +=，所以2299y x =-，22212(99)881KF KF x x x ⋅=+--=-+ …3分由椭圆性质可知11x -≤≤，所以12[7,1]KF KF ⋅∈-……………5分（2）设直线b kx y l +=:（0,0≠≠k b ），),(11y x A ，),(22y x B ，),(00y x M ，所以21x x 、为方程222)(9m b kx x =++的两根，化简得02)9(2222=-+++m b kbx x k ，所以922210+-=+=k kb x x x ，99922200+=++-=+=k bb k b k b kx y . ……………8分 kx y k OM 900-==，所以直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积等于 -9为定值. …………10分 （3）因为直线l 过点(,)3mm ，所以l 不过原点且与C 有两个交点的充要条件是0k >，3k ≠． 设),(p p y x P 设直线m m x k y l +-=)3(:（0,0≠≠k m ），即m mk kx y +-=3. 由（2）的结论可知x k y OM 9:-=，代入椭圆方程2229m y x =+得8192222+=k k m x p …12分 由（2）的过程得中点)9)3(9,9)3((22+-+--k kmm k k mk m M ， ……………14分 若四边形OAPB 为平行四边形，那么M 也是OP 的中点，所以p x x =02，得819)93(4222222+=+-k k m k mk mk ，解得74±=k所以当l的斜率为44OAPB 为平行四边形． ……………16分 21．（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分） 【解】 （1）1()1f x x=-是ψ函数 . ……1分 理由如下：1()1f x x=-的定义域为{|0}x x ≠，只需证明存在实数a ，b 使得()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意x a ≠±恒成立.由()()f a x f a x b -++=，得112b a x a x +-=-+，即2()()a x a xb a x a x ++-+=-+. 所以22(2)()2b a x a +-=对任意x a ≠±恒成立. 即2,0.b a =-= 从而存在0,2a b ==-，使()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意x a ≠±恒成立.所以1()1f x x=-是ψ函数. …………4分 （2）记()g x 的定义域为D ，只需证明存在实数a ，b 使得当a x D -∈且a x D +∈时，()()g a x g a x b -++=恒成立，即1122a x a x b tt-++=++恒成立.所以22(2)(2)a xa x a x a x t tb t t +-+-+++=++， ……5分化简得，22(1)(22)(2)2a xa x a btb t t +--+=+-.所以10bt -=,22(2)20a b t t +-=.因为0t ≠，可得1b t=，2log ||a t =, 即存在实数a ，b 满足条件，从而1()2xg x t=+是ψ函数. …………10分 （3）函数)(x h 的图象关于直线x m =（m 为常数）对称，所以)()(x m h x m h +=- （1）， ……………12分 又因为b x a h x a h =++-)()( （2）， 所以当a m ≠时，)]2([)22(a m x m h a m x h -++=-+由（1 ） )]([)2()]2([x a a h x a h a m x m h -+=-=-+-= 由（2） )()]([x h b x a a h b -=---= （3）所以)22(]22)22[()44(a m x h b a m a m x h a m x h -+-=-+-+=-+ （取a m x t 22-+=由（3）得）再利用（3）式，)()]([)44(x h x h b b a m x h =--=-+.所以()f x 为周期函数，其一个周期为a m 44-. ……………15分当a m =时，即)()(x a h x a h +=-，又)()(x a h b x a h +-=-，所以2)(bx a h =+为常数. 所以函数)(x h 为常数函数，2)()1(bx h x h ==+，)(x h 是一个周期函数. ……………17分 综上，函数)(x h 为周期函数。
上海市杨浦区2018届高三下学期等级考模拟质量调研(二模)英语试卷Word版含答案(高中 高三 英语试题)
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2018. 4考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. On the playground. B. In a department store.C. In the school building.D. In a stadium.2. A. $518. B. $580.C. $614.D. $640.3. A. Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.C. Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D. He shares the woman's views on social welfare.4. A. New ways to charge phones.B. The spread of false information.C. Interesting videos on WeChat.D. How people enlarge their circle of friends.5. A. The weather report is far from the truth.B. The heat continues to the end of the week.C. He will hang out at the end of the week.D. He 's relieved to have gone through the hot days.6. A. See the Hollywood movie.B. Skip the beginning of the movie.C. Go to sleep early.D. Watch the movie advertisement.7. A. The woman has been chatting with her parents for a long time.B. There is something wrong with her parents' telephone.C. It's very likely that the phone is not properly hung up.D. Her parents are busy talking on the phone for 30 minutes.8. A. A big sports centre is opened to the public.B. A swimming pool has already been completed.C. More facilities will be finished ahead of time.D. It has the most impressive building for miles around.9. A. His words are not so reliable.B. He is well prepared for the test.C. He is well-informed and knows everything.D. He knows a lot about the school arrangement.10. A. They are raising money for their club.B. They will go on to call more people.C. They will finish working today.D. They're glad to contribute money.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They can remind themselves to make full use of time.B. They can keep time when they are writing a novel.C. They should pay by the minute when they leave.D. They can get a clock as a gift for buying the coffee.12. A. Customers should wash their own dishes for there is no waitress.B. The relaxed atmosphere attracts like-minded people to socialize there.C. Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served there.D. Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face communication is encouraged there.13. A. It has proved to be popular in both Britain and Russia.B. The pilot shop in London is not as successful as expected.C. It’s not well-received in Britain because it costs more.D. It takes time to see whether British people like it or not.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Teach students how to avoid errors in writing.B. Correct test papers on Chinese language course.C. Help foreigners to learn Chinese characters.D. Correct mistakes in students’ speeches.15. A. It should be connected with a laser printer.B. Essays of different styles should be stored in itC. The paper text should be changed into digital text.D. Character recognition system should be installed in it.16. A. It cannot work as efficiently and accurately as a real teacher.B. It cannot appreciate the content and the beauty of language.C. It cannot use different symbols to mark different mistakes.D. Its Chinese linguistic data system is not big and complete.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The post is really funny.B. They enjoy bullying (欺负) Bill.C. They all get along well with Bill.D. They often give likes to friend’s post.18. A. He pushed Bill down the stairs.B. He made fun of the man last year.C. He made negative comments on the post.D. He once hurt the man’s feeling seriously.19. A. Lead to quarrels and isolation.B. Seek revenge and behave violently.C. Improve endurance and interpersonal skills.D. Affect academic performance and emotional health.20. A. Delete his post as soon as possible.B. Apologize to Bill for his hurtful post.C. Convince Bill of his well-meant action.D. Stop posting anything about Bill for a while.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a global leader (21) ______ innovation.According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Israel is the second (22) ______ (innovative) nation in the world, just after Switzerland.Many of us (23) ______ not be aware, but technologies developed in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software (24) ______ protects our computers was first developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, features on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength (25) ______ (power) the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. (26) ______ ______ ______ Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to contribute to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, (27) ______ (bring) Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.(28) ______ (found) on very dry land, Israel had been worried about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel (29) ______ (improve), with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater andwastewater into usable water.In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students (30) ______ (seek) quality higher education in Israle. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they will be in positions to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma Afterman, manager of Israel-China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Parents have been concerned about their kids' use of technology since the dawn of technology – or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. Today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up __31__ to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that '50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech __32__. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly __33__ hold on all of us –and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora's Box she and her husband helped open. "I spent my career in technology. I wasn't prepared for its effect on my kids," she wrote. "Phones and apps aren't good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don't yet have the emotional tools to deal with life's complication and __34__, they can add to the difficulties of growing up."A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th and 12th graders in the U.S. between 1991-2016, and __35__ markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness. It found that such well-being suddenly decreased after 2012 – just at the time that the use of smartphone and social media __36__. There was a direct correlation between the amount of time spent on electronics and unhappiness. Happiness was highest among kids who participated in sports, followed by in-person socializing and __37__ services. The lowest? Online computer games –the abuse of which has recently been __38__ a recognized mental health disorder by the World Health Organization –and social media.Early this year, big players formerly of tech companies such as Google and Facebook created the Center for Humane Technology and, in partnership with the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media, __39__ a full media and advertising attack on the very industry they had a hand in building. Their initiative, the Truth about Tech, is pouring millions of dollars into a(n) __40__ to warn parents, teachers and students that the technology they use is in fact engineered to addict them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? This is usually just a theoretical question. The idea of suddenly taking the form of your neighbor, a celebrity or even your dog is fun to think about, but seemingly impossible to ___41___.Yet a few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. “The first sec onds are just overwhelming,” says Rikke Frances Wahl, a woman who ___42___ became a man. “It feels mysterious. You start to feel more and more comfortable in it, and you start to really get the ___43___ of how it would be if it were your body.”Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping(替换) experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She ___44___ her new body using a machine called The Machine to be Another. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users put on a virtual reality headset with a camera installed to the top of it. The video from each camera is piped to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your___45___. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having control of it, participants start by moving their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. ___46___, this kind of slow, synchronized (同步) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they were living in another person’s body. “It was so natural,” Wahl says, laughing, “and at the same time it was so unnatural.”Interestingly, using such technology ___47___to alter people’s behaviour afterwards – potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be ___48___ in fighting implicit racism (隐性种族歧视). Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people’s associations.Another study showed that using the so-called “rubber hand illusion(错觉)” can have the same __49__. When that rubber hand is a colour unlike their skin, participants ___50___lower on tests for implicit racism than when they watched a hand of the same skin colour.The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think ___51___ of them, because your brain has ___52___ the feeling of being that person.Wahl says that she’d jump at the chance to swap bodies with someone again. “I would really, really ___53___ it to everyone, everyone should try this thing,” she says. “We all have different feelings and points of views about things,” says Pointeau,“and it’s really strongly related to our ___54___ experience. With this kind of experience we can ___55___empathy –the action of understanding, but also maybe help people better understand themselves too.”41. A. execute B. excuse C. explore D. exhibit42. A. contemporarily B. permanently C. temporarily D. secretly43. A. passion B. fantasy C. familiarity D. energy44. A. inherited B. altered C. endured D. acquired45. A. reflection B. partner C. colleague D. image46. A. Consciously B. Constantly C. Eventually D. Equivalently47. A. requires B. prefers C. promises D. volunteers48. A. progressive B. informative C. realistic D. effective49. A. impact B. instruction C. initiative D. intention50. A. analyzed B. scored C. predicted D. valued51. A. highly B. ill C. straight D. fairly52. A. expressed B. mixed C. internalized D. deleted53. A. connect B. advertise C. register D. recommend54. A. bodily B. sensitive C. mental D. initial55. A. endure B. promote C. honor D. identify Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn’t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I’d say: Brexit should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would be a reversal of history.Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country like Romania fund a nurs e’s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn’t.The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who have made London’s state schools the UK’s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites（精英）who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King’s College London said: “The problem of UK vocational education has been known for at least a century. We’ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary（助学金）for people training to be nurses, midwives andspeech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.If Britain doesn’t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world’s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britons queuing to replace them, much of this year’s produce rotted in the fields.So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today’s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous（同种类的）, relatively poor and under-serviced.56. The UK is fighting a war against talent because ______.A. skilled immigrants leave the country after BrexitB. it doesn’t have enough fund to train its own citizensC. too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobsD. it is trying a different approach to attracting talent57. Which is FALSE about the situation in the UK before Brexit?A. Hospitals employed many immigrant nurses.B. Much attention was paid to the nurse training.C. Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs.D. Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs.58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK.B. The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support.C. A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers.D. The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare.59. According to the writer, the post-Brexit Britain is likely to ______.A. be as rich and powerful as it used to beB. be as convenient as it was before BrexitC. be different in style but the same in essenceD. go backward in economy and social service(B)∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙60. The four drones (无人机) are listed in order of ______.A. popularityB. salesC. priceD. size61. If you want to share what you shoot on WeChat within the shortest time, ______ isrecommended.A. DJI Mavic Pro 4K Foldable Camera DroneB. DJI Spark Alpine WhiteC. DJI Phantom 4 4K Camera DroneD. ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone62. Among the four types, ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone has a uniquefeature that ______.A. its maximum speed is the highestB. users can pilot it just by moving fingersC. it can be controlled by a smartphoneD. it takes up the least space when folded(C)It’s almost spring, the ti me of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and on social media.“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marilé Colón Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds.”Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES).Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds (细小的卷云) from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow （片状雪）or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from thesatellite,” said Colón Robles.You don’t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colón Rob les offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data.63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.64. The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaning to ______.A.createB. cancelC. countD. confirm65. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app.B. Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media.66. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA Employs New members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.D. Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world—sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. __________67__________Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.__________68__________ It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. __________69__________ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “__________70__________” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they show their love in different ways.The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect for others’ opinions, least of all, their children’s. The sentence they say most frequently to their children is, “ you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so long as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything for their children’s sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friend-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children’s interests, and listen attentively to their children’s expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect theirchildren as their equals. They often say: “Let’s put out heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。
上海市杨浦区2018届高三二模语文试卷及答案
杨浦区 2017 -2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研语文学科试卷（满分 150 分，时间 150 分钟）2018 年 4 月一．积累应用（ 10 分）1.按要求填空。
（ 5 分）⑴ ，长安不见使人愁。
（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）⑵ ，尽西风，季鹰归未。
（辛弃疾《水龙吟· 》）⑶韩愈在《师说》中客观地指出弟子不一定不及老师，老师也不一定比弟子贤能，其原因在于“ ，”。
2.按要求选择。
（ 5 分）⑴同学们在毕业二十年之后聚会，各自事业有成，班主任想要用一句古诗词来表达此刻的喜悦激动心情，恰当的一句是（）（ 2 分）A.芳林新叶催陈叶，流水前波让后波。
B.长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。
C.江山代有才人出，各领风骚数百年。
D.宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。
⑵填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的是（）（ 3 分）？这在很多人看来是一个不可理喻甚至有点蠢的问题，但却是我们必须弄明白的问题。
电影是人类历史上最伟大的发明之一，自然有其独特的魅力所在。
可是作为最古老的艺术形式之一的戏剧，也不能被我们忘记，因为其生动的现场总是充满了震撼人心的力量，让我们站在生活之上俯瞰生活。
A.有了戏剧，为什么会出现电影这项发明B.有了电影，为什么人们还需要看戏剧C.电影和戏剧，哪一种艺术形式最终会永远为人铭记D.电影和戏剧，对于我们日常生活的意义究竟在哪里二．阅读（ 70 分）（一）阅读下文，完成第 3—7 题。
（ 15 分）①任何文字都是为了满足交际需要,适应口语发展而创造出来的。
汉字也不例外，汉字是语言符号，是文化传播的媒介，这是汉字基本的功能。
但同时又是一种生命符号。
汉字最早叫文，顾炎武说：“ 春秋以上言文不言字。
” 汉字是一种具有鲜明感性特征的视觉符号。
在六书所述的前四种造字方法中，象形是它的基础。
②汉字由象形文字发展而来。
我们说汉字是一种生命符号，与这种象形特征有密切关系。
拼音文字是以人所创造的一批抽象代码的组合，去记录语言、传播文化，而以象形文字为基础的汉字则与之不同。
最新-上海市杨浦区2018届高三4月质量调研(二模)理科数
杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三年级学业质量调研数学理 2018.04.12一、填空题1.函数()f x =的定义域为 .2.已知线性方程组的增广矩阵为11334a -⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，若该线性方程组的解为12-⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，则实数a = .3.计算2123lim 1n nn →∞+++++= .4.若向量a、b满足||1,||2a b ==，且a与b的夹角为π3，则||a b +=.5.若复数1234,12z i z i =+=-，其中i 是虚数单位，则复数12||z z i+的虚部为 . 6.61(x-的展开式中，常数项为.7.已知ABC △的内角A 、B 、C 所对应边的长度分别为a 、b 、c ，若a cb ac a b b--=，则角C 的大小是 .8.已知等比数列{}n a 的各项均为正数，且满足：174a a =，则数列2{log }n a 的前7项之和为 .9.在极坐标系中曲线C ：2cos ρθ=上的点到(1,π)距离的最大值为 .10.袋中有5只大小相同的乒乓球，编号为1至5，从袋中随机抽取3只，若以ξ表示取到球中的最大号码，则ξ的数学期望是 .11.已知双曲线2214y x -=的右焦点为F ，过点F 且平行于双曲线的一条渐近线的直线与双曲线交于点P ，M 在直线PF 上，且满足0OM PF ⋅=，则||||PM PF = .12.现有5位教师要带三个班级外出参加志愿者服务，要求每个班级至多两位老师带队，且教师甲、乙不能单独带队，则不同的带队方案有 .（用数字作答）13.若关于x 的方程54(4)|5|x x m xx+--=在(0,)+∞内恰有三个相异实根，则实数m 的取值范围为 .14.课本中介绍了应用祖暅原理推导棱锥体积公式的做法.祖暅原理也可用来求旋转体的体积.现介绍祖暅原理求球体体积公式的做法：可构造一个底面半径和高都与球半径相等的圆柱，然后在圆柱内挖去一个以圆柱下底面圆心为顶点，圆柱上底面为底面的圆锥，用这样一个几何体与半球应用祖暅原理（图1），即可求得球的体积公式.请研究和理解球的体积公式求法的基础上，解答以下问题：已知椭圆的标准方程为221425x y +=，将此椭圆绕y 轴旋转一周后，得一橄榄状的几何体（图2），其体积等于 .二、选择题15.下列函数中，既是奇函数，又在区间(0,)+∞上递增的是（ ）A.||2x y = B.ln y x = C.13y x = D.1y x x=+16.已知直线l 的倾斜角为α，斜率为k ，则“π3α<”是“k <（ ）A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分也非必要条件 17.设x ,y ,z 是互不相等的正数，则下列等式中不恒成立的是（ ）A.2211x x x x++≥C.1||2x y x y-+-≥ D.||||||x y x z y z --+-≤18.已知命题：“若a ,b 为异面直线，平面α过直线a 且与直线b 平行，则直线b 与平面α的距离等于异面直线a ,b 之间的距离”为真命题.根据上述命题，若a ,b 为异面直线，且它们之间的距离为d ，则空间中与a ,b 均异面且距离也均为d 的直线c 的条数为（ ）A0条 B.1条 C.多于1条，但为有限条D.无数多条 三、解答题19.如图，底面是直角三角形的直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，1112AC BC AA ===，D 是棱1AA 上的动点.(1)证明：1DC BC ⊥； (2)求三棱锥1C BDC -的体积.20.某菜农有两段总长度为20米的篱笆PA 及PB ,现打算用它们和两面成直角的墙OM 、ON 围成一个如图所示的四边形菜园OAPB (假设OM 、ON 这两面墙都足够长).已知|PA |=|PB |=10 (米),π4AOP BOP ∠=∠=,OAP OBP ∠=∠.设OAP θ∠=，四边形OAPB 的面积为S .(1)将S 表示为θ的函数，并写出自变量θ的取值范围； (2)求出S 的最大值，并指出此时所对应θ的值.21.已知函数2()log (21)x f x ax =++，其中a ∈R .(1)根据a 的不同取值，讨论()f x 的奇偶性，并说明理由； (2)已知a >0，函数()f x 的反函数为1()f x -，若函数1()()y f x f x -=+在区间[1,2]上的最小值为21log 3+，求函数()f x 在区间[1,2]上的最大值.22.已知椭圆C ：22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>的焦距为F 与短轴的两个端点组成一个正三角形.若直线l 与椭圆C 交于11(,)A x y 、22(,)B x y ，且在椭圆C 上存在点M ，使得：3455OM OA OB =+（其中O为坐标原点），则称直线l 具有性质H . (1)求椭圆C 的方程；(2)若直线l 垂直于x 轴，且具有性质H ，求直线l 的方程； (3)求证：在椭圆C 上不存在三个不同的点P 、Q 、R ，使得直线PQ 、QR 、RP 都具有性质H .23.已知数列{}n a 和{}n b 满足：11,(1)(1),n n a na n a n n n λ+==+++∈*N ,且对一切n ∈*N ,均有12(2)n a n bb b =.(1)求证：数列{}n a n为等差数列，并求数列{}n a 的通项公式；(2)若2λ=，求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n S ；(3)设()n n n n na b c n a b -=∈*N ，记数列{}n c 的前n 项和为n T ，问：是否存在正整数λ，对一切n ∈*N ，均有4n T T ≥恒成立.若存在，求出所有正整数λ的值；若不存在，请说明理由.19、（1）证明：因为直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，CC 1⊥平面ABC ，所以，CC 1⊥BC ，又底面ABC 是直角三角形，且AC ＝BC ＝1，所以AC ⊥BC ， 又1ACCC ＝C ，所以，BC ⊥平面ACC 1A 1，所以，BC ⊥DC 1（2）11C BDC B CDC V V --=＝111211323⨯⨯⨯⨯=20（1）在三角POB 中，由正弦定理，得：103sin()sin44OB ππθ=-，得OB ＝10（cos sin θθ+） 所以，S ＝121010(cos sin )sin 2θθθ⨯⨯⨯+＝2100(sin cos sin )θθθ+，（2）S ＝2100(sin cos sin )θθθ+＝250(2sin cos 2sin )θθθ+ ＝50(sin 2cos 21)θθ-+＝)504πθ-+所以，21、（1）当a ＝－12时，21()log (21)2x f x x =-++，定义域为R ，21()log (21)2xf x x --=++2112log ()22x x x +=+＝221log (21)log 22x x x ++-＝21log (21)2x x -++＝()f x ，偶函数。
Y_上海市杨浦区2018届最新中考二模数学试卷及答案
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期初三质量调研 数学试卷 2018.4（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：1．本试卷含三个大题，共25题；2．答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答，在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效；3．除第一、二大题外，其余各题如无特别说明，都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）【下列各题的四个选项中，有且只有一个是正确的，选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上.】1.下列各数是无理数的是（ ）(A) (B)1.3 (C)半径为1cm 的圆周长 （D ）︒60cos 382.下列运算正确的是（ ）（A ）（B ） （C ） （D ）m n m 2=⋅632)(m m =33)(mn mn =326m m m =÷3.若，则下列等式一定成立的是（ ）y x 33->(A)（B ）（C ）（D ）0>+y x 0>-y x 0<+y x 0<-y x 4.某校120名学生某一周用于阅读课外书籍的时间的频率分布直方图如图1所示，其中阅读时间是8-10小时的组频数和组频率分别是（ ）(A)15和0.125 （B ）15和0.25 (C)30和0.125 （D ）30和0.255.下列图形是中心对称图形的是（ ）(A) (B) (C) (D)6.如图2，半径为1的圆与半径为3的圆内切，如果半径为2的圆与圆和1O 2O 1O 圆都相切，那么这样的圆的个数是（ ）2O （A ）1 (B) 2 (C) 3(D)4二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）个个个个个个个1图图2图7.计算 =+-+)()(b a b b a a 8.当时，化简 0,0,a b <>=b a 29. 函数中，自变量取值范围是 211++-=x xy x 10. 如果反比例函数的图像经过点与，那么的值等于 x k y =),2(1y A ),3(2y B 21y y11. 三人中至少两人性别相同的概率是12. 25位同学10秒钟跳绳的成绩汇总如下表；人数1234510次数15825101720那么跳绳的中位数是13.李明早上骑自行车上学,中途因道路施工推车步行了一段路,到学校共用时分钟。
2018届杨浦区高考数学二模有答案.docx
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷 2018.4.一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1～6题每题4分，第7～12题每题5分）1．函数lg 1y x =-的零点是 ． 2．计算：=+∞→142limn nn ．3．若的二项展开式中项的系数是，则n = ． 4．掷一颗均匀的骰子，出现奇数点的概率为 ．5．若x 、y 满足020x y x y y -≥⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥⎩，则目标函数2f x y =+的最大值为 ．6．若复数z 满足1z =，则z i -的最大值是 ． 7．若一个圆锥的主视图（如图所示）是边长为3,3,2的三角形， 则该圆锥的体积是 ．8．若双曲线222161(0)3x y p p-=>的左焦点在抛物线22y px =的准线上，则p = ．9．若53sin )cos(cos )sin(=---x y x x y x ，则y 2tan 的值为 ． 10．若为等比数列，0n a >，且2018a =2017201912a a +的最小值为 ． 11．在ABC △中，角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ，2a =，2sin sin A C =．若B 为钝角，412cos -=C ，则ABC ∆的面积为 ． 12．已知非零向量OP uuu r 、OQ uuu r 不共线，设111m OM OP OQ m m =+++u u u u r u u u r u u ur ，定义点集{|}||||FP FM FQ FMA F FP FQ ⋅⋅==u u u r u u u u r u u u r u u u u r u u u r u u u r . 若对于任意的3m ≥，当1F ，2F A ∈且不在直线PQ 上时，不等式12||||F F k PQ ≤u u u u r u u u r恒成立，则实数k 的最小值为 ．()13nx +2x 54{}na二、选择题（本题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）13．已知函数()sin()(0,||)f x x ωϕωϕπ=+><的图象如图所示，则ϕ的值为 （ ） )(A4π )(B 2π )(C 2π-)(D 3π-14．设B A 、是非空集合，定义：B A ⨯={|}x x A B x A B ∈⋃∉⋂且.已知{|A x y ==， }{1>=x x B ，则A B ⨯等于 （ ）)(A ),2(]1,0[+∞Y ． )(B ),2()1,0[+∞Y ． )(C ]1,0[． )(D ]2,0[．15．已知222211220,0a b a b +≠+≠,则“11220a b a b =”是“直线1111:0l a x b y c ++=与2222:0l a x b y c ++=”平行的（ ）)(A 充分非必要条件 )(B 必要非充分条件 )(C 充要条件 )(D 既非充分也非必要条件 16．已知长方体的表面积为452，棱长的总和为24. 则长方体的体对角线与棱所成角的最大 值为（ ）1()arccos()arccos()arccos()arccos3399A B C D三、解答题17．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）共享单车给市民出行带来了诸多便利，某公司购买了一批单车投放到某地给市民使用. 据市场分析，每辆单车的营运累计利润y (单位：元）与营运天数()*x x N ∈满足 21608002y x x =-+-. （1）要使营运累计利润高于800元，求营运天数的取值范围； （2）每辆单车营运多少天时，才能使每天的平均营运利润yx的值最大？18．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）如图，在棱长为1的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，点E 是棱AB 上的动点. （1）求证：11DA ED ⊥；（2）若直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o，请你确定点E 的位置，并证明你的结论.ABCD A 1B 1C 1D 119．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）已知数列{}n a ，其前n 项和为n S ，满足12a =，1n n n S na a λμ-=+，其中2≥n ，n *∈N ， λ，μ∈R .(1) 若0λ=，4μ=，12n n n b a a +=-（n *∈N ），求数列{}n b 的前n 项和； (2) 若23a =，且32λμ+=，求证：数列{}n a 是等差数列.20．（本题满分16分，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分6分） 已知椭圆222:9(0)x y m m Ω+=>,直线l 不过原点O 且不平行于坐标轴，l 与Ω有两 个交点A 、B ，线段AB 的中点为M ．（1）若3m =，点K 在椭圆Ω上，12,F F 分别为椭圆的两个焦点，求12KF KF ⋅u u u r u u u u r的范围；（2）证明：直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积为定值； （3）若l 过点(,)3mm ，射线OM 与Ω交于点P ，四边形OAPB 能否为平行四边形？ 若能，求此时l 的斜率；若不能，说明理由．21．（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）记函数()f x 的定义域为D 如果存在实数a 、b 使得()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意满足a x D -∈且a x D +∈的x 恒成立，则称()f x 为ψ函数（1）设函数1()1f x x=-，试判断()f x 是否为ψ函数，并说明理由； （2）设函数tx g x+=21)(，其中常数0≠t ，证明：)(x g 是ψ函数； （3）若)(x h 是定义在R 上的ψ函数，且函数)(x h 的图象关于直线x m =（m 为常数）对称，试判断)(x h 是否为周期函数？并证明你的结论杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷答案 2018.4.10一、填空题 1. 10x = ；2． 21； 3．4 ； 4. 12 ； 5．3 ； 6. 2； 7．； 8．4； 9． 2424.77-或 ；10．4 ； 11．； 12. 34二、选择题13． C ； 14 . A ； 15． B ; 16. D ;三、解答题17．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分） 【解】（1） 要使营运累计收入高于800元，令80080060212>-+-x x ， …………………………………2分解得8040<<x …………………………………5分 所以营运天数的取值范围为40到80天之间 …………………………………7分 （2）6080021+--=xx x y …………………………………9分 20604002=+-≤ 当且仅当18002x x=时等号成立，解得400x = …………………………12分 所以每辆单车营运400天时，才能使每天的平均营运利润最大，最大为20元每天 …14分 18．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）【解】以D 为坐标原点，建立如图所示的坐标系，则D (0,0,0),A （1，0，0），B (1,1,0)，C (0,1,0),D 1(0,1,2),A 1(1,0,1)，设E (1,m,0)（0≤m≤1）（1）证明：1(1,0,1)DA =u u u u r ，1(1,,1)ED m =--u u u u r………2分111(1)0()110DA ED m ⋅=⨯-+⨯-+⨯=u u u r u u u u r………4分所以DA 1⊥ED 1. ……………6分另解：1ADA AE 平面⊥，所以D A AE 1⊥ ……………2分又11AD D A ⊥，所以AE D D A 11平面⊥ ……………………………4分 所以11DA ED ⊥……………………………6分（2）以A 为原点，AB 为x 轴、AD 为y 轴、AA 1为z 轴建立空间直角坐标系…………7分 所以)1,0,0(1A 、)0,1,0(D 、)0,1,1(C 、)1,1,0(1D ，设t AE =，则)0,0,(t E ………8分设平面CED 1的法向量为),,(z y x =，由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅01CD n 可得⎩⎨⎧=--=+-0)1(0y x t z x ，所以⎩⎨⎧-==xt y xz )1(，因此平面CED 1的一个法向量为)1,1,1(-t ………10分由直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o，可得45sin 11=︒ ……11分可得1)1(12|11|222+-+⋅+-=t t ，解得21=t ………13分 由于AB=1，所以直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o时，点E 在线段AB 中点处 …14分 19．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）【解】（1）14-=n n a S ，所以n n a S 41=+ 两式相减得1144-+-=-n n n n a a S S 即1144-+-=n n n a a a………2分所以)2(2211-+-=-n n n n a a a a ，即12-=n n b b ，………3分又8412==a S ，所以6122=-=a S a ，得22121=-=a a b ………4分因此数列{}n b 为以2为首项，2为公比的等比数列 nn b 2=，前n 项和为221-+n …7分（2）当n=2时，1222a a S μλ+=，所以μλ2623+=+ 又32λμ+= 可以解得21=λ，1=μ………9分所以12-+=n n n a a n S ，n n n a a n S ++=++1121，两式相减得111221-++-+-+=n n n n n a a a n a n a 即112221-++-=-n n n a a n a n猜想1+=n a n ，下面用数学归纳法证明：①当n=1或2时，1121+==a ，1232+==a ，猜想成立；①假设当k n ≤（2,*≥∈k N k ）时，1k a k =+ 成立则当1+=k n 时，2))1(22(12)22(1211+=++--=+--=-+k k k k k a a k k a k k k 猜想成立 由①、①可知，对任意正整数n ，1+=n a n………13分 所以11=-+n n a a 为常数，所以数列{}n a 是等差数列………14分另解：若23a =，由12212a a a a +=+λμ，得562=+λμ， 又32+=λμ，解得112==，λμ． ………9分 由12a =，23a =，12λ= ，1μ=，代入1n n n S na a λμ-=+得34a =，所以1a ，2a ，3a 成等差数列， 由12n n n n S a a -=+，得1112n n n n S a a +++=+，两式相减得：111122n n n n n n na a a a a ++-+=-+- 即11(1)(2)20n n n n a n a a +-----=所以 21(1)20n n n na n a a ++---= ………11分相减得：2112(1)(2)220n n n n n na n a n a a a ++---+--+= 所以2111(2)2(2)0n n n n n n n a a a a a a +++--++-+=所以221111-222(2)(2)(2)(1)n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a n n n +++---+=--+=-+- 1321(2)(2)(1)2n a a a n n --==-+-L L L ，因为12320a a a -+=，所以2120n n n a a a ++-+=，即数列{}n a 是等差数列.………14分20．（本题满分16分，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分6分） 【解】（1）椭圆99:22=+Ωy x ，两个焦点)22,0(1F 、)22,0(2-F ，设),(y x K所以2212()(,)8KF KF x y x y x y ⋅=-⋅--=+-u u u r u u u u r由于2299x y +=，所以2299y x =-，22212(99)881KF KF x x x ⋅=+--=-+u u u r u u u u r …3分 由椭圆性质可知11x -≤≤，所以12[7,1]KF KF ⋅∈-u u u r u u u u r……………5分（2）设直线b kx y l +=:（0,0≠≠k b ），),(11y x A ，),(22y x B ，),(00y x M ， 所以21x x 、为方程222)(9m b kx x =++的两根，化简得02)9(2222=-+++m b kbx x k ，所以922210+-=+=k kb x x x ，99922200+=++-=+=k bb k b k b kx y ……………8分kx y k OM 900-==，所以直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积等于 -9为定值 …………10分 （3）因为直线l 过点(,)3mm ，所以l 不过原点且与C 有两个交点的充要条件是0k >，3k ≠． 设),(p p y x P 设直线m m x k y l +-=)3(:（0,0≠≠k m ），即m mk kx y +-=3由（2）的结论可知x ky OM 9:-=，代入椭圆方程2229m y x =+得8192222+=k k m x p …12分 由（2）的过程得中点)9)3(9,9)3((22+-+--k kmm k k mk m M ， ……………14分 若四边形OAPB 为平行四边形，那么M 也是OP 的中点，所以p x x =02，得819)93(4222222+=+-k k m k mk mk ，解得74±=k所以当l的斜率为44OAPB 为平行四边形． ……………16分 21．（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分） 【解】 （1）1()1f x x=-是ψ函数 . ……1分 理由如下：1()1f x x=-的定义域为{|0}x x ≠，只需证明存在实数a ，b 使得()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意x a ≠±恒成立.由()()f a x f a x b -++=，得112b a x a x +-=-+，即2()()a x a xb a x a x ++-+=-+. 所以22(2)()2b a x a +-=对任意x a ≠±恒成立. 即2,0.b a =-= 从而存在0,2a b ==-，使()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意x a ≠±恒成立.所以1()1f x x=-是ψ函数. …………4分 （2）记()g x 的定义域为D ，只需证明存在实数a ，b 使得当a x D -∈且a x D +∈时，()()g a x g a x b -++=恒成立，即1122a xa xb tt-++=++恒成立.所以22(2)(2)a xa x a x a x t tb t t +-+-+++=++， ……5分化简得，22(1)(22)(2)2a xa x a btb t t +--+=+-.所以10bt -=,22(2)20a b t t +-=.因为0t ≠，可得1b t=，2log ||a t =, 即存在实数a ，b 满足条件，从而1()2xg x t=+是ψ函数. …………10分 （3）函数)(x h 的图象关于直线x m =（m 为常数）对称，所以)()(x m h x m h +=- （1）， ……………12分 又因为b x a h x a h =++-)()( （2）， 所以当a m ≠时，)]2([)22(a m x m h a m x h -++=-+由（1 ） )]([)2()]2([x a a h x a h a m x m h -+=-=-+-= 由（2） )()]([x h b x a a h b -=---= （3）所以)22(]22)22[()44(a m x h b a m a m x h a m x h -+-=-+-+=-+ （取a m x t 22-+=由（3）得）再利用（3）式，)()]([)44(x h x h b b a m x h =--=-+所以()f x 为周期函数，其一个周期为a m 44- ……………15分第 11 页 当a m =时，即)()(x a h x a h +=-，又)()(x a h b x a h +-=-， 所以2)(b x a h =+为常数 所以函数)(x h 为常数函数，2)()1(b x h x h ==+，)(x h 是一个周期函数 ……………17分 综上，函数)(x h 为周期函数。
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杨浦区2017 学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研 高二年级 地理学科试卷 2018.3 考生注意:
I.试卷满分 100 分，考试时间 60 分钟。 2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题: 第二部分为综合分析题，所有试题 均为简答题。 3.答题前，务必在等题纸上填写考号、姓名、学校，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。第一部分的作答必须除在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的 作答必须写在等题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题(共 40 分，每小题 2 分。每小题只有一个正确答案) 1.2018 年元旦前夜，世界最长的跨海大桥港珠澳大桥主体全线亮灯标志若大桥具备通车条件。 在大桥的设计建造过程中，需要重点预防的自然灾害是( ) A.高温 B。海啸 C.台风 D.寒湖 2.地球与土星的共同的特点是( ) A.平均密度大 B.质量和体积大 C.自转周期相同 D.公转方向相同 3.北京时间 2018 年 1 月 31 日晚，我国大部分地区都欣赏到月全食阶段的“红月亮”，当地球 上的人看到月食现象时，月球在轨道的位置应在图中的( )
A.甲处 B.乙处 C.丙处 D.丁处 4.中国计划在今年发射“嫦娘四号”，实现人类历史上的首次着陆月球背面。人类在地球上观 测不到月球背面是由于( ) A 月球与地球的公转周期相同，方向一致 B.月球的自转与公转周期相网，方向一致 C.月球的公转与地球的自转周期相同，方向一致 D.月球与地球的自转周期相同，方向一致 5. 某同学对我国某地(120°E)每天的日出时间进行了一段时间的持续观测与记录，绘成右图， 图中 a 这一天可能是( ) A.5 月 1 日 B.10 月 1 日 C.4 月 5 日 D.1 月 1 日 6. 大理石是种常见的建筑材料，其显著特点是( ) A 有片理构造 B.有层理构造 C.有气孔结构 D.有化石沉积 7.2017 年鼓浪的被列入世界文化遗产名录。这个美丽的小高得名于岛上块两米多高、中有洞 穴的礁石（右图），因浪击硬石，声似播鼓，被叫做“鼓浪石”，“鼓浪石”的形皮是由于深洞 说水传法( )
A.流水的溶蚀作用 B.海水的堆积作用 C.岩浆的变质作用 D 海水的侵蚀作用 8.当上海夏季受反气旋控制时候，可能会出现的天气现象是( ) A.烈日当空 B.高温缓解 C.连续降水 D.风力加大 9.2017 年 8 月 23 日(农历七月初二)，强台风“天鸽”在广东省珠海市登陆，关这次台风的叙 述，确的是( )
A 登陆恰逢天文大潮，加剧了灾害损失 B.22 日 6 时台湾地区刮偏南风 C.22 日 6 时到 23 日 12 时，澳门气压逐渐升高 D.台风登陆导致珠海气温升高大 10.国家海洋局发布的数据显示，我国海平面处于近 30 年的最高位。造成这现象的元凶是全球 变暖，全球变暖可能还会导致( ) A.程朗玛峰雪线下降 B.高纬地区耕地面积扩大 C.中纬内陆地区降水增加 D.中低纬海区台风数量减少 11.通常所说的水资源，主要包括( ) A.冰川水、大气水、河水 B.大气水，淡水湖泊水、河水 C.冰川水、河水、浅层地下水 D.河水，淡水湖泊水、浅层地下水 12.关于世界四大重受渔场的形成原因，叙还正确的是( ) A.北海海场处于拉布技多寒流与北大西洋暖读交汇 B.纽芬兰渔场处于东格陵寒流与墨西哥暖流交汇处 C.秘鲁渔场处于秘鲁寒流与西风漂流的交汇处 D.北海道渔场位于日本暖流与干岛寒流交汇处 13.右图为某区域等温线分布图(阴影部分为陆地)，符合图示等温线特征的洋流是( )
A.千岛寒流 B.加利福尼亚寒流 C.北大西洋暖流 D.东澳大利亚暖流 14.据统计，我国西部有的农村地区人口老龄化十分严面，道成这一现象的主要原因是农村 ( ) A.生育观念发生了改变，出生率降低 B.环境污染少，人均寿命长 C.医疗卫生条件得到改善，死亡率降低 D.大量青壮年外出打工 15.巴西高原东部是南美洲人口相对密集地区，其主要影响因素是( ) ①气候适宜 ②文化单一 ③地势平坦 ④水力资源丰富 A.①② B.②④ C.①③ D.③④ 16.右图显示的是某城市五十年来城乡人口的变化情况，下列说法正确的是( ) A.该市城市化进程停止，出现道城市化现象 B.该市城市化进程倒退，出现郊区化现象 C.该市城市化进程持续，出现郊区化现象 D.该市城市化进程加速，出现乡村化现象 17.宝钢部分区陆续撤出上海，主要原因是上海( ) A.房地产业发展的需要 B.产业结构升级的需要 C.能源和矿产资源不足 D.严重老龄化导致劳动力短缺 18.在平原地区，修建高速铁路时多采用高架的方式。主要是为了( ) A.减少噪音扰民 B.较少占用耕地人 C.缩短运营里程 D.保护野生动物 19.骑楼，是在楼房前路人行道架空而建的，二楼向街心延伸，并使马路边房屋相互连接，形 成自由步行的长廊（见右图)。这是岭南民居的一个特色，该特色反映了岭南地区( )
A.地形多样，地表起伏不平 B.洪涝、台风等灾害须繁 C.高温多雨的气候 D.降雨强度大，水土流失严重 20.全球定位系统可以用来( ) A.监测板块的移动 B.制量震源的深度 C.勘探矿产资源 D.估算粮食产量
二、综合分析题(共 60 分) (一)肯尼亚位于非洲东部，肯尼亚咖啡以其独特的风味享誉世界。读肯尼亚相关图文资料，回 答问题。(20 分) 材料一:肯尼亚拥有适合咖啡生长的暖湿气候，而且其降水时间很好地配合了咖啡树的开花周 期，一年可以成熟两次。当年英国人把巴西高原知名的波旁咖啡引种到肯尼亚海拔 1500 -2100 米的山麓成火山坡地上，较低的温度使芳香成分得到充分发展，形成了肯尼亚咖啡独特的水果 口味，加上英国人建立了完善的栽培、品管制度，很快就成为肯尼亚重要的出口物资，是欧洲 各国咖啡老饕的最爱。 材料二:由于肯尼亚大多数的咖啡生产由数量众多的小农户完成，品种和环境因素令杀虫剂的 使用变得必要，因此肯尼亚咖啡很少参与有机认证。 21. 概括肯尼亚首都内罗华的气候特征。(4 分) 22. 判断肯尼亚主要所属自然带名称，与同纬度地区相比，该地体现了什么地城分异?分析其 成因。(4 分) 23. 根据材料，分析肯尼亚咖啡种植及远销欧洲的区位优势。(6 分) 24.推测肯尼亚咖啡种植可能面临的自然灾害和环境问题，并提出可持续发展措施。(6 分)
(二)辽河是我国北方地区的一条重要河流。读图文资料，回答问题: (20 分) 材料一：辽河流域是东北经济最发达的地区之一但流城内却面临着湿地减少、河道淤积、水资 源短缺等多种问题，同时水早灾害频繁，西辽河地区几乎年年有早灾，特别是春旱严重，位于 下游的干流地区则常常夏涝，平均每 2—3 年就有一次。目前，辽河正在积极地开展流城综合 治理。 材料二：盘锦湿地属于滨海复合湿地，湿地类型主要有沼泽湿地、浅海水城、沿海滩涂以及河 流等自然湿地和水稻水库等人工湿地类型。湿地面积比较大，湿地内动植物种类繁多，景观结 构复杂多样，具有很高的生态功能和经济效益，是国内外瞩目的湿地。 25.根据资料，推断辽河的水文特征。(4 分) 26.与北方的其他河流相比，西辽河河段儿乎没有积雪融水形成的春汛，简析其原因。(2 分) 27.简述盘锦湿地的形成原因及其作用(10 分) 28.针对盘锦湿地近年来的退化萎缩，提出可以采取的生态措施(4 分)
（三）智利位于南美洲西南部，安第斯山以西，是世界上铜矿资源最富的国家，探明占有全球 的 1/3 以上，被称为“铜的王国”。读下列图文资料，回答问题(20 分) 材料一:智利的中部和北部，有一条斑治铜矿化带，斑岩铜矿是目前世界铜矿中最重要的矿体 类型，它主要是由于陆地上的火山作用和侵入作用而成，铜矿体主要产生在侵入岩体的内部或 与围岩的接触带上。 材料二:据海关统计，2017 年智利与中国双边货物进出口额都有较大的增长，中国对智利出 口的产品主要为机电、轻纺、塑料制品、家电等、从智利进口的产品主要为铜、纸浆、铁矿砂、 葡萄酒、鱼粉和水果等。
29. 分析智利钢矿资源丰富的原因。(4 分) 30.智利常规能源短缺，一定程度上影响了矿产企业的发展，政府已经批准了新的能源战略， 目标为到 2035 年 50%的电力来自新能源。推测其可以发展的新能况种类，并说明理由，(4 分) 31.近年来，智利的渔业、林业、水果等农产品出口比重在不断上升，从自然地理环境角度、 分析智利这一贸易战略的合理性，(6 分) 32. 板括智利对中国贸易的要特点。分析中智两国开展国际贸易的前景。(6 分)
杨浦区2017 学年度第二学期地理等级考模拟质量调研参考答案 选择题（40分） 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A 综合分析题（共60分）（言之合理，均可得分） （一）（20分） 21.全年温和（2分）；降水季带分配不均匀，一年中有明显的干季和湿季（2分） 22.热带稀树草原带（2分）；非地带性分异（1分）：由于高原，地势高，气温低，空气对流运动较弱（1分） 23.气候暖湿有利于咖啡树的生长；地处高原，气温低，形成独特水果口味；火山形成的火山灰土肥沃英国人带来了完善的栽培和品管制度，种植技术好靠近欧洲，消费市场广闹；有机场、港口，航空水运便利。（任答三点，每点.2分） 24.问题：由于存在干、湿两季，易形成早灾（1分）：由于杀虫剂的大量使用，可能形成生态环境污染（1分） 措施：加强基础建设，改善灌溉条件，降低旱灾造成的损失（2分）；：发展科学技术，降低虫害发生率，减少杀虫剂的使用，政善农业生态环境（2分） （二）（20分） 25.辽河径流量较小，径流的季节变化较大（1分）：汛期以夏汛为主，汛期较短（1分）：含沙量较大1分）；有结冰期（1分） 26.西辽河河段属于温带季风气候，虽然有5个多月气温在0て以下，但冬季降雪少，无法形成春汛2分） 27.自然成因：盘锦位于辽河人海口，地势低平河网稠密，泥沙淤积严重，水流不畅：夏季降水多，夏涝多发，易积水；临海，浅海水域和滩涂广闹；（任答二点，每点2分）人为成因：开垦水田和修建水库形成的人工湿地（2分） 作用：涵涵养水源，增加空气湿度：调节河流的径流，减少洪涝灾害：动植物富集，保存生物的多样性（任答二点，每点2分） 28.减少过度开发，恢复自然湿地；调整作物产业结构，大力发展水田和水域养殖业，增加人工湿地面积；植树造林种草，涵养水源：建立湿地自然保护区，强化现有湿地的管理。（任答二点，每点2分） （三）（20分） 29.智利地处南极洲板块和美洲板块的消亡边界（2分），地壳运动活跃，多火山和岩浆活动，容易在侵入岩体上形成铜矿体（2分） 30.太阳能，智利北部为热带沙漠气候，降水少大气透明度好，光照充足。 风能，智利海岸线漫长，中部和南部受西风影响的地区面积大，风力大，风向稳定。 地热能，智利地处板块交界处，地热资源丰富。（任答二点，每点点2分） 31.智利西临太平洋，临近秘鲁渔场，有利于捕捞业和海上养殖业的发展（2分）；安第斯山脉纵贯智利南北，山地有利于林业的发展（2分）：智利中部的地中海气候和南部的温带海洋性气候有利于水果的种植；智利位于南半球，有利于水果错峰上市（2分） 32.特点：对外贸易结构以出口初级产品，进口工业制成品为主。（2分） 前景：智利有丰富的矿产资源，林业和渔业都发达，但是制造技术不能满足国内需求。我国是世界上重要的制造业生产大国，对渔业和林业等农产品和矿产品需求较大（2分）。两国贸易具有很强的互补性（2分），因此贸易前景良好。