跨文化交际答案1
2020年智慧树知道网课《跨文化交际 Intercultural Communication》课后章节测试满分答案
绪论单元测试1【判断题】(1分) ForeignersareinterestedtolearnaboutChineseCultureandChinesePeople.Atthesametime,thereare misunderstandingsofChineseculture.A.错B.对2【判断题】(1分)Overseasexperiencescanexpandone'svisionandenrichone'sunderstandingofInterculturalCommun ication.A.对B.错3【判断题】(1分)Beforecommunicatingwithothers,youneedtounderstandyourownculturewell.A.错B.对4【判断题】(1分)Culturelearningisnotsoimportantaslanguagelearning.A.错B.对5【判断题】(1分) KnowingallthewordsandhavingperfectgrammarofalanguageisenoughtodealwithInterculturalCo mmunication.A.对B.错6【判断题】(1分)Everythingabroadisthesameas“athome”.A.错B.对7【多选题】(2分)Inthiscourse,wearegoingtolearnaboutA.InterculturalcommunicationbarriersB.AcquringInterculturalCommunicationCompetenceC.ThearaticalfoundationsofInterculturalCommunicationD.Verbalandnon-verbalcommunication8【多选题】(2分)Inthestudyofinterculturalcommunication,wearegoingtoachievethegoalsofA.fosteringcriticalthinkingofdifferentculturesB.understandingthebasictermsC.developingcommunicativecompetenceD.avoidingpotentialproblemsininterculturalcommunication9【单选题】(1分)ThecourseyouaretakingisA.CommunicationB.PhycologyC.EnglishLiteratureD.InterculturalCommunication10【判断题】(1分)Whenbeingaskedbyotherpeopleaboutyourculture,youwillbemoreawareofyouridentity.A.对B.错第一章测试1【单选题】(2分)ThedialoguesattheUnitedNations,forexample,wouldbetermed_________.A.internationalcommunicationB.interethniccommunicationC.interpersonalcommunicationD.interracialcommunication2【单选题】(2分)InChina,ifaTibetancommunicateswithaHan,itis_____.A.interethniccommunicationB.internationalcommunicationC.interpersonalcommunicationD.interracialcommunication3【单选题】(2分)_____isthesocializationprocessyougothroughtoadapttoyoursociety.A.EnculturationB.AssimilationC.AcculturationD.Deculturation4【单选题】(2分)Manyofthesameproverbsappearthroughouttheworld,becauseallpeople,regardlessoftheirculture,s harecommon____.A.artsB.languagesC.storiesD.experiences5【多选题】(3分)Inthepopularculturalicebergmetaphor,youcanonlyseeabout10-15%abovethesurface,mostpartoft heicebergisunderthewater,whichisabitofamystery.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkareabovethe water?A.foodB.clothingC.musicD.architecture6【多选题】(3分) Sixreasonsofwhystudyinterculturalcommunicationwerementioned，pleasetrypicktheonesmenti onedinthefollowing.A.self-awarenessB.demographicchangesC.imperativeD.technology7【判断题】(2分) Culturecanbecategorizedaseithermaterialornonmaterialculture.A.对B.错8【判断题】(2分)Cultureisthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,arts,morals,law,customandanyother capabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.A.错B.对9【判断题】(2分)Itisreasonablethatweusewhat'sbelowoursurfacetotrytounderstandwhat'sabovesomebodyelse’s.A.错B.对10【判断题】(2分) "Digthewellbeforeyouarethirsty"isaChineseproverbmeaning"吃水不忘挖井人”。
(0859)《跨文化交际》网上作业题及答案
[0859]《跨文化交际》第1批[填空题]10. Like the Japanese, the Chinese also prefer written ______ that would appear too general to American or French negotiators.参考答案：10. agreements[填空题]9. The differences in feminine and masculine styles of communication frequently lead to in cross-gender interaction.参考答案：9. gender[填空题]8. Edward Hall alerts us to the invisible aspects of culture and nonverbal communication, which he calls as " language” and "hidden dimension”.参考答案：8. silent[填空题]7. People from cultures schedule several activities at the same time, and time for them is more flexible and more human-centered.参考答案：7. P-time[填空题]6. communication expresses meaning or feeling without words.参考答案：6. Nonverbal[填空题]5. Beauty is only _____ deep.参考答案：5. skin[填空题]4. Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful ______ communication.参考答案：4. intercultural[填空题]3. There is nothing more embarrassing than one's compliments hurting others _____ to different cultural values.参考答案：3. due[填空题]2. The purpose of the greeting is to ______ social contact, not to transfer information.参考答案：4. establish[填空题]1. In daily verbal communication, there are many _____ ways one must observe in order to maintain smooth cross-cultural interaction.参考答案：1. routine[判断题]10. High uncertainty and anxiety hinder effective intercultural communication to a different extent.参考答案：正确[判断题]9. The Eastern view of the universe is characteristically dualistic, materialistic, and lifeless while the Western view is profoundly holistic, dynamic, and spiritual.参考答案：错误[判断题]8. Due to the cultural differences, interpreting in intercultural encounters is possible but difficult.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. Cultural differences can generate positive impacts on negotiation as people can learn from each other.参考答案：错误[判断题]6.A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both.参考答案：正确[判断题]1) 5. Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. "Dragon” means the same to the Westerners as "龙” to the Chinese.参考答案：错误[判断题]3. Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty must be considered as fishingfor compliments.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politenessis ` achieved may vary significantly.参考答案：正确[判断题]1. All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.参考答案：错误第2批[论述题]Define the following terms:1. Nonverbal communication2. Body language/Kinesics3. world view4. the Judeo-Christian tradition5. knowledge6. stereotype参考答案：1. Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context.2. Body language refers to the meaning representing devices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures.3. A comprehensive world view (or worldview) is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing natural philosophy; fundamental existential and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics4. Judeo?Christian (sometimes written as Judaeo?Christian) refers to a set of beliefs and ethics held in common by Judaism and Christianity. It is a common term in American cultural and political rhetoric.5. Knowledge is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as (i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information; or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.6. A stereotype or "stereotypes" is a commonly held public belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of "stereotype" and "prejudice" are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions.第3批[论述题]Define the following terms.1. nonverbal communication2. culture shock3. gender4. stereotype5. body language参考答案：1.Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in theexchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context.2.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. The main cause of cultu re shock is displacement from our "home” culture. This lack of common experiences and familiar surroundings creates varying degrees of consequences.3.Gender and sex are not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. Societies create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities.4.Stereotype is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes our experiences and guides our behavior toward a particular group of people. There are a number of reasons that stereotypes, as a form of classification, hamper intercultural communication.5.Body language refers to the meaning representing devices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures.[论述题]Analyze the following cases，and then answer the given questions.Case 1How would you explain the Director's behavior toward Katherine? How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry?Katherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began, she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o` clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang` office at the exactly ten o` clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished hisconversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the Director` s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened.Case 2Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?Jay is having difficulty in writing a paper for his communication class, because he's not sure what the professor wants. When he mentions this to his friend Ellen, she suggests he ask the professor or a classmen to clarify directions. Jay refuses, saying "I can figure it out on my own”.参考答案：2. In this case, Jay's unwillingness to ask others for help in understanding his assignment is a sign of his masculine emphasis on independence. As some scholars point out rather humorously, men invariably resist asking directions when they are lost in the road while women do not hesitate to ask strangers for help. What we have discussed about gender identity help us understand this difference. Because women initially develop identity within the first relationships have an undertone of danger-they could jeopardize independence. So Jay's refusal to ask others for help reflects the masculine emphasis on maintaining autonomy and not appearing weak or incompetent. Unless Ellen realizes this difference between them, Jay's behavior will continue to baffle her.)[填空题]10.One of the most fundamental ways culture shapes our being is throughexplicit and implicit ________ about our relationship to the nature of the universe and to the non-human natural world.参考答案：10. teachings[填空题]9. Native speakers need to admit that difficulty in understanding _______ also occurs among native speakers and reminds non-native speakers to be open about explanations given.参考答案：9. humor[填空题]8. The American _______ is to conduct business in an efficient manner,while compromises may be part of the outcome.参考答案：8. n orm[填空题]7. The differences in feminine and masculine styles of communication frequently lead to ________in cross-gender interaction.参考答案：7. misunderstanding[填空题]6. communication expresses meaning or feeling without words.参考答案：6. Nonverbal[填空题]5.Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful ______ communication.参考答案： 5. intercultural[填空题]pliments and compliment responses are an _______ part of daily verbal communication.参考答案：4. essential[填空题]3. Being unaware of the difference, intercultural communication ______ occurs here and there.参考答案：3. breakdown[填空题]2. When communicating with each other, each person ___________ and sends messages, and in turn receives and decodes messages.参考答案：2. encodes[填空题]1.Intercultural competence requires sufficient knowledge, suitable _______, and skilled actions.参考答案：1. motivations[单选题]10. The Chinese phrase "知识分子” has the same meaning as "intellectual”.A：TB：F参考答案：B[单选题]9.Although cultural stereotype has its limitations(over-generalization), it still contributes to a person's cultural cognition.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]8.It is very important for nonnative speakers to learn to communicate incomprehension through idiomatic expressions as well as nonverbal gestures.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]7.We should avoid unconsciously adopting our cultural rules and norms in communication in the American or British context.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]6.In Asian cultures, signed agreements are far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven organizations involved in a good relationship.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]5. The first and last principle for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]4. The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]3. There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.A：TB：F参考答案：B[单选题]2. The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.A：TB：F参考答案：B[单选题]1. Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.A：TB：F参考答案：B第4批[判断题]8.It is very important for nonnative speakers to learn to communicate incomprehension through idiomatic expressions as well as nonverbal gestures.参考答案：正确[判断题]7.We should avoid unconsciously adopting our cultural rules and norms in communication in the American or British context.参考答案：正确[判断题]5. The first and last principle for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.参考答案：错误[判断题]1. Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.参考答案：错误[判断题]9.Although cultural stereotype has its limitations(over-generalization), it still contributes to a person's cultural cognition.参考答案：正确[论述题]Analyze the following casesCase 1Why did the two Korean interpreters continue to study the Chinese female teachers` trousers?In 1987, a delegation consisting of four Chinese English experts went to Pingyong Foreign Language University to train faculty to be top-level simultaneous interpreters for the 13th International Youth Festival. Of the four experts, two were men and two were women. The two men were dressed in suits with ties and the two women were typically dressed in trousers and their typical business clothes. An authority from Pingyong Foreign Language University and two Korean interpreters greeted them at the Pingyong Railway Station. Surprisingly, while exchanging a few formal remarks, the two interpreters` eyes consistently observed the two Chinese female teachers' trousers. The younger teacher, sensed something and repeatedly checked their trousers and shoes to see if they were dirty or marked. About half an hour later, they arrived at the hotel where they would be staying during their mission. The two interpreters showed eachof them to their rooms to give them an opportunity to freshen up before the formal introductions. In a couple of minutes, the four Chinese teachers gathered in one of the rooms, where the head of the university and the two interpreters introduced themselves further and briefed them on the training program. While talking, the two interpreters seemed to continue to study the two female teachers` trousers. At first, they thought that the Korean interpreters were too embarrassed to look straight in the eyes of a woman. Later this assumption was proved wrong. The four Chinese teachers remained a bit puzzled and did not know what was going on…Case 2Could you explain to Dick why Chen Liang walked into the cafeteria without waiting for him？After graduating from Beijing International Studies University, Chen Liang pursued an MA program at a university in Boston, the U.S. Early in the program, he made friends with some of the American friends, Dick, asked Chen to join him in the university cafeteria. On their way they ran into Dick's girlfriend, Lisa, who was on her way to a lecture. Walking shoulder to shoulder, Dick and Lisa carried on an intimate conversation, as if they hadn't seen each other for ages. Meanwhile, Chen Liang was walking behind them, not taking part in the conversation. When they were nearing the cafeteria Lisa said she had to leave for the lecture. Dick turned away and walked off toward the cafeteria. When Dick looked up, he saw Chen waking into the cafeteria. Dick was puzzled as to why Chen didn't wait for him, and went to the cafeteria alone.参考答案：1. Comment: this is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures. To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time, it should not be interrupted by other things or people. In addition, Westerners are goodtimekeepers; they adhere strictly to schedules. However, Chinese view appointment in a more flexible manner. They are more causal about commitments. This difference in attitudes toward appointment was the roof of Katherine` s unhappiness. Since the Director made a ten o` clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption. However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When their meeting finally began, it was interrupted again. There is no wonder Katherine became frustrated and angry.2. Suggested answer:In public, the norms of expressing one's feeling and affections toward the opposite sex vary across culture. In Asia and some countries around the Mediterranean Sea, it is acceptable to have body contact between the same sexes in public, but not between the opposite sexes, especially in front of the friends. Chen left because he felt awkward witnessing them hugging and kissing. This shows that Dick knows nothing about the natural response of the Chinese to certain behaviors. Similarly, Chen Liang's behavior shows that he is also in the dark about American behaviors.[填空题]9. In broad terms, nonverbal communication covers four areas: timelanguage (temporal language or chronemics), space language (spatial language or proxemics), language(body movement orkinesics), and paralanguage (voice modulation).参考答案：9. body[论述题]Define the following terms.1. nonverbal communication2. economic globalization3. gender4. linear time5. intercultural communication competence参考答案：1.Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context.2.No country is the dominant economic force in the world. Economic expansion in globalization has resulted in multinational corporations participating in joint ventures, licensing agreements and other international business arrangements.3.Gender and sex are not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. Societies create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities.4.The West views time either as an arrow or as a moving river that comes from a distant place in the past and goes to an equally distant place in the future. In this linear view of time, history is goal-directed and gradually progressing in a certain direction.5.Intercultural communication competence (ICC competence) is the ability to effectively and appropriately execute communication behaviors to elicit a desired response in a specific environment.[判断题]10. The Chinese phrase "知识分子” has the same meaning as "intellectual”.参考答案：错误[判断题]6.In Asian cultures, signed agreements are far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven organizations involved in a good relationship.参考答案：正确[判断题]3. There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.参考答案：错误[填空题]10.According to researchers, there are two primary influences ongender : family communication, particularly betweenmothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.参考答案：10. socialization[填空题]8. Like the Japanese, the Chinese also prefer written ______ that would appear too general to American or French negotiators.参考答案：8. agreements[填空题]7. To develop ________means being able to see things from the point ofview of others so that we can better know and adjust to the other people.参考答案：7. empathy[填空题]6. We need to understand what is ordinarily done in a _______ in order to understand and laugh at messages that are the " out of the ordinary”.参考答案：6. culture[填空题]5.A term in one language does not necessarily have a ______ in the other language.参考答案：5. counterpart[填空题]4.There is nothing more embarrassing than one's compliments hurtingothers _____ to different cultural values.参考答案：4. due[填空题]３．Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful ______ communication.参考答案：3. intercultural[填空题]２．Being unaware of the difference, intercultural communication ______ occurs here and there.参考答案：2. breakdown[填空题]1.Intercultural communication occurs whenever there is communication between people from different cultural ______________.参考答案：1. backgrounds。
文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案1-8
第一章1【单选题】(10分)中西方文化交流的历史源远流长，历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。
“丝绸之路”的得名是由（）提出的。
A. 张骞B. 汉和帝C. 汉武帝D. 李希霍芬正确查看答案解析10分2【多选题】(10分)广义上的“丝绸之路”除了包括陆上丝绸之路外，还包括海上丝绸之路。
海上丝绸之路由（）组成。
A. 东洋航线B. 西洋航线C. 南洋航线D. 北洋航线正确查看答案解析10分3【多选题】(10分)“丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。
其发挥的作用主要是指（）。
A. 贸易作用B. 军事作用C. 外交作用D. 文化交流作用正确查看答案解析10分4【单选题】(10分)通过“陆上丝绸之路”，于（）年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。
A. 贞观十四年B. 康熙九年C. 崇祯十六年D. 元和七年正确查看答案解析10分5【单选题】(10分)汉武帝时期，（）为开拓“丝绸之路”立下了汗马功劳，被誉为“中国走向世界第一人”。
A. 卫青B. 霍去病C. 张骞D. 司马迁正确查看答案解析10分6【多选题】(10分)鸠摩罗什把佛教从西方引入中国，将大量经书翻译成汉语，为佛教在中国的传播做出了巨大的贡献。
他与（）和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。
A. 不空B. 鉴真C. 法显D. 真谛正确查看答案解析10分7【单选题】(10分)（）17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔历时四年来到中国，与元世祖忽必烈建立了友谊。
后由鲁斯蒂谦将其在中国见闻轶事整理并编著成游记，在欧洲广为流传，激起了欧洲人对东方的向往。
A. 查理·马特B. 马可•波罗C. 利玛窦D. 阿基米德查看答案解析10分8【多选题】(10分)佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。
中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟，其中敦煌莫高窟与（）并称为中国四大石窟。
A. 固原须弥山石窟B. 天水麦积山石窟C. 洛阳龙门石窟D. 大同云冈石窟正确查看答案解析10分9【多选题】(10分)利玛窦不仅将中国文化介绍到了西方，而且帮助中国人打开了视野，使中国人了解到了西方。
跨文化交际试题答案(附翻译)
1。
Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在）, they are .（D )A. new technology and information system B。
changes in the world’s populationC. a shift in the world’s economic arenaD. A, B and C2。
__C____ has evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world。
A。
Show business B. I.T. C。
international film industry D。
Mass media3._A_____ in the United States，because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact。
A。
Schools B。
Community C. Workplace D。
club 4。
It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D____.A. the complex nature of communication B。
the issue of intentionalityC。
the issue of unintentionality D。
跨文化交际考试及答案
跨文化交际考试及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 跨文化交际指的是：A. 不同文化背景的人们之间的交流B. 同一文化背景的人们之间的交流C. 仅指语言交流D. 仅指非语言交流答案：A2. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化休克的表现？A. 感到困惑和不适应B. 对新文化的强烈好奇C. 情绪波动和焦虑D. 强烈的思乡情绪答案：B3. 跨文化交际能力的核心是什么？A. 语言能力B. 交际技巧C. 文化敏感性D. 知识水平答案：C4. 以下哪项不是跨文化交流中的障碍？A. 语言差异B. 价值观差异C. 共同的兴趣D. 非语言交际的差异答案：C5. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是有效的沟通策略？A. 倾听和理解B. 保持开放态度C. 避免文化假设D. 坚持自己的文化观点答案：D6. 跨文化交际中的“文化适应”指的是：A. 完全放弃自己的文化B. 完全接受对方的文化C. 理解和尊重不同文化D. 避免与不同文化背景的人交流答案：C7. 跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化维度理论的内容？A. 个人主义与集体主义B. 权力距离C. 男性化与女性化D. 乐观主义与悲观主义答案：D8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化适应的阶段？A. 蜜月期B. 挫折期C. 适应期D. 回归期答案：D9. 跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是有效的非语言交际方式？A. 面部表情B. 身体语言C. 语调变化答案：D10. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化适应的策略？A. 学习目标语言B. 了解目标文化的历史和习俗C. 避免与当地人交流D. 寻找文化相似之处答案：C二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）11. 跨文化交际中，以下哪些因素可能影响交际效果？A. 语言能力B. 交际技巧C. 文化背景答案：ABCD12. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪些是文化适应的策略？A. 学习目标文化的语言B. 尊重目标文化的习惯C. 避免与目标文化的人交流D. 寻找文化之间的共同点答案：ABD13. 跨文化交际中，以下哪些是文化休克的阶段？A. 蜜月期B. 挫折期C. 恢复期D. 适应期答案：ABCD14. 跨文化交际中，以下哪些是有效的沟通技巧？A. 倾听和理解B. 保持开放态度C. 避免文化假设D. 坚持自己的文化观点答案：ABC15. 跨文化交际中，以下哪些是文化维度理论的内容？A. 个人主义与集体主义B. 权力距离C. 男性化与女性化D. 乐观主义与悲观主义答案：ABC三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）16. 跨文化交际只涉及语言的交流。
跨文化交际试题及答案
跨文化交际试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共40分）1. 跨文化交际的定义是指：A. 不同国家和地区间的交际活动B. 不同民族和文化背景间的交际活动C. 同一文化内部的交际活动D. 不同语言之间的交际活动答案：B2. 文化差异会对跨文化交际产生以下哪种影响？A. 理解困难B. 语言障碍C. 价值观冲突D. 人际关系紧张答案：A、C3. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为被认为是失礼的？A. 目光接触B. 握手问候C. 低头鞠躬D. 打招呼时用双手表示敬意答案：C4. 在中国文化中，以下哪种颜色象征喜庆和幸福？A. 黑色B. 红色C. 绿色D. 白色答案：B5. 在进行跨文化交际时，以下哪种策略是最有效的？A. 强调自己的文化优势B. 忽视文化差异C. 遵守对方的文化规范D. 强迫对方接受自己的文化观念答案：C二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 请简要阐述跨文化交际的重要性以及其中存在的挑战。
答案：跨文化交际的重要性在于增进各国间的相互了解和友谊，推动跨国合作和发展。
然而，跨文化交际也面临着重重挑战，如语言沟通障碍、文化差异带来的不解和冲突，以及对他人观点和习俗的理解困难等。
2. 在国际商务谈判中，如何合理利用非语言交际手段？答案：在国际商务谈判中，非语言交际手段可以帮助加强沟通效果。
可以通过身体语言表达自信和诚意，比如坐姿、目光接触和手势运用等；可以通过服饰和礼仪来展示对对方文化的尊重；还可以通过图表和演示文稿等视觉媒介来辅助表达和说明。
3. 请简要解释文化冲突是如何产生的，并提出解决文化冲突的建议。
答案：文化冲突是由于不同文化之间的差异而产生的，当个体或群体面对不熟悉的文化规范和价值观时，可能会感到困惑和不满。
为解决文化冲突，建议应采取以下措施：学习和了解对方文化，加强跨文化交际能力；尊重差异，避免对他人价值观的评判和偏见；建立良好的沟通渠道，积极解释自己的观点并倾听对方的意见；寻求共同利益和双赢的解决方案。
跨文化交际复习答案整理
跨文化交际复习答案整理Answer questions1.What are the reasons which might contribute to an increase of intercultural contacts in the world?Nowadays, the increasing trend of intercultural contacts can be ascribed to four main factors: the advancement of technology, immigration, economic globalization and the emergence of multiculturalism.A. With the development of technology, the transportation systems and communication systems have witnessed great advancement. Trips once taking days are now measured in hours, making it possible for people to go to anywhere of the world in one day, and thus speeding up intercultural contact. Moreover, the advanced communication technologies, such as Internet, mobile phones and cable TV transmission equipment, have give people access to sharing and exchanging information and ideas instantaneously.B. Changes in population migration have also contributed to the development of increasing intercultural contact. For pursuing a better job or endeavoring for a better life, people from all over the world leave their country while bringing their own culture, habits, language and so on to the other.C. Economic globalization is another factor for increasing intercultural contacts. With the accelerated trend of economic globalization, the world we lived in is more and more interdependent and interrelated. And each country’s economy is tied to the economy of other countries. Therefore, the intercultural contacts between regions, countries and continents are inevitably increased.D. Multiculturalism is the view that the various cultures in a society merit equal respect and scholarly interest, describing the coexistence of many cultures in a locality, without any one culture dominating the region.Therefore, with the increasing of the trends of multiculturalism, the communications between regions and cultures will inevitably strengthened and increased.2.What are characteristics of communication and culture common to all human beings?Although communications are different from one another in their forms and norms, all communication systems around the world share certain characteristics.A. Indirect: one characteristic of communication is that people can only obtain messages fr om other’s words and behaviors instead of obtaining from the mind of others.B. Interactive: Communication takes place between at least two individuals, and each one in a communication process will affect or be affected by the other’s words or behaviors, a nd as a consequence, he/she will immediately modify or alter his/her responses either in words, tones, gestures, and so on.C. Dynamic: as all communication processes and their consequences are affected by the specific time, place, occasion and the number of people with their particular rules, values, customs, and so on, the communication can be perceived as an ongoing and ever-changing activity.D. Self-reflective: as human beings have a unique ability to think about themselves, to watch how they define the world, and to reflect on their past, present, and future, all forms of communication will inevitably involve and enhance this kind of activity, andthus endowed itself the self-reflective nature.Cultures, like communication, vary according to different history, geography, religion and world views, but they still share certain features.A. Invisible: as we refer to a certain culture, we often mean the world views, perceptions, values, attitudes and preference beneath all the phenomena in that culture, which are all intangible object to human beings.B. Learned: culture is not a procession that we inherited from out parents or forefathers, but is gradually acquired after birth by the influence of the traditional patterns and standards in the community we living.C. Ethnocentric: Each culture has its religion, myth and legends which convince every generation that they are special, powerful and intelligent and are thus capable of great achievements. Such pride helps to bind people in a society together to strive for ever greater accomplishments.D. Integrated: Culture is a complex and inclusive system in which all components, such as values, norms, perceptions and rules, are interrelated. And any change in one aspect of the culture will affect many other aspects.3.How are culture and language related to each other?A. Language is a guide to social reality. Language does not merely serve to allow us to describe what we see as reality, but language also shapes the way we see this reality.B. Language can record culture.Language can record the development of a society. People can learn culture left behind by their ancestors through language, and leave their culture to descendantsthrough language. For example, if we want to know theChinese culture 1000 years ago, we can research the records of that time. Therefore through language, civilization passes over from generation to generation. The society will then make progress step by step.In fact, we can know other cultures by reading books. We don't need to go to go abroad to know about cultures of foreign countries. Language brings us convenience to learn different cultures.C. Culture affects languageFrom the definition of culture, we know that culture includes geography, religion, tradition, custom, value and so on. In fact, culture often affects language through them. Every nation lives and works in a certain natural environment, which is reflected by its language. People from different regions may have different languages. They use different words, metaphors to express their views towards their environment.Nearly every nation has its religion. Religion is an important part in culture. Many daily used words are from religion. For instance: Adam's apple (喉结); my rib(我妻); Judas's kiss(背叛).Every culture has its specific features, which is reflected through language. Chinese people from some regions are accustomed to sleep on a 炕（a heatable bed）. They eat 冰糖葫芦（candied haws on a stick）. Whereas westerners go to motel eat hamburger.People from different cultures have different values. Sometimes, the differences cause misunderstandings. People should pay attention to the different values of different cultures.Culture background determines a man's native language. For example, if a Chineseinfant is adopted by an American couple who live inAmerican, he or she will grow up speaking perfect English.4.How does the perception of communication due to cultural differences affect intercultural communication?Culture strongly influences our subjective reality and there are direct links among culture, perception, and behavior. There are some factors in cultural belief, value, and patterns that might influence both perception and communication.Firstly, belief systems are significant to the study of intercultural communication, because they are at the core of our thoughts and actions. They are our conviction in the truth of something. They tell us how the world operates. Belief systems are important because they are learned and hence subject to cultural interpretation and cultural diversity. We must be able to recognize the fact that cultures have different realities and belief systems. Beliefs are such an influential factor in intercultural communication because they affect our conscious and unconscious minds, as well as the manner in which we communicate.Secondly, one of the most important functions of belief system is that they are the basis of our value. Formally, a value may be defined as an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct of end-state of existence is personally of socially preferable to another. An awareness of cultural value also helps us understand our own behavior. Thus, value is another very important factor to affect intercultural communication.Thirdly, cultural patterns can affect intercultural communication; culture is extremely complex and consists of numerous interrelated cultural orientations besides beliefs and value. Cultural patterns refer to both the conditions that contribute to the way in which a person perceives and thinksabout the world, and the manner in which they live in that world.These three factors make people have different culture, and also affect both the perception and communication.5.How do you understand functions of non-verbal means used in communication?A. repeating;In the United States, people often use nonverbal messages to repeat a point they are trying to make. We might hold up our hand in the gesture that signifies a person to stop at the same time we actually use the word stop. Or we might point in a certain direction after we have just said, “The new library is south of that building.”The gestures and words have a similar meaning and reinforce one another.B. complementing;Closely related to repeating is complementing. Although messages that repeat can stand alone, complementing generally adds more information to messages. For example, you can tell someone that you are pleased with his or her performance, but this message takes on extra meaning if you pat the person on the shoulder at the same time. Physical contact places another layer of meaning on what is being said.C. substituting;We use substitution in nonverbal communication when we perform some action instead of speaking. If you see a very special friend, you are apt to enlarge the size of your smile and throw open your arms to greet him or her, which is a substitute for all thewords it would take to convey the same feeling.D. regulating;We often regulate and manage communication by usingsome form of nonverbal behavior: we nod our head in agreement to indicate to our communication partner that we agree and that he or she should continue talking; or we remain silent for a moment and let the silence send the message that we are ready to begin our speech. Or we have direct eye contact with someone to let him or her know the channels are open. In short, our nonverbal behavior helps us control the situation.E. contradicting.On some occasions, our nonverbal actions send signals opposite from the literal meanings contained in our verbal messages. You tell someone you are relaxed and at ease, yet you voice quavers and your hands shake. It also is a contradictory message when you inform your partner that you are glad to see him or her, but at same time you are sulking and breaking eye contact. Because people rely mostly on nonverbal messages when they are receive conflicting data, we need to be aware of the dangers inherent in sending opposing messages.Discussion1.Do you always with people that knowing about the correct choice of grammar and vocabulary of a language can ensure a successful communication between a native and non-native speaker of that language? Why or why not?We live in an increasingly complex world. One element of this complexity is themixing of different cultures, languages and faiths. Knowing the grammar and vocabulary of a language is of course not enough to communicate successfully because different cultures have different communication styles.Take China and America as an example. Because of the collectivistic culture of China, the Chinese people are more atease when speaking as members of group than as individuals. They of ten offer personal opinions by using “we” instead of “I”. This can create great difficulty for Americans in differentiating personal views from collective ones. And they will tend to consider such statement as lack of personal opinion and self-confidence.2.Explain this statement and give examples of it “People are alike, and people are different”.The similarities of humans: All humans around the world are like every other human being. Our commonalities as a species go far beyond the ways in which we share ideas and information. We are identical in numerous physiological and chemical ways. We all have a heart, lungs, brain, and the like. We are also literally made of the same components: water, salt, blood and so on. Moreover, emotions like self-respect, admiration, vanity, and so on are common to all cultures. Take the concept of self-respect for example. In Western culture, we may say ego; and in China, we may say face-saving, macho in Mexico, and pride in Japan. The point is, such feelings evoked very much the same.Differences of human beings: since the creation of the world there never were two cases exactly parallel and even the people. Our experience of the world is both internaland unique, therefore we each response to the world differently. Culture, as well as individual, differences keep us apart. Although the philosophical issues of death, isolation, free choice, and meaning confront everyone, our resolutions for each issue have their roots deep in culture. For example, Hinduism tells its members that they will be reincarnated when they die. In Islam, death moves people into heaven or hell, depending on how they lived.(In a word, it is inappropriate to say that we are more alike or we are more different, because people are more alike than they are different. Our society is dynamic, we want to live and have to adapt to our dynamic society. The economic development level, political system and educational ideals are different in different periods so that we have common ideas and concepts in sometime but in other times may not. All of these will have influence on our values, thought, and communication. Therefore, it is always the theme that a successful intercultural communicator appreciates similarities and accepts differences.)3.How have you ever used non-verbal means to facilitate your daily communication? Describe some of the occasions.Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver.In my daily life, there are many occasions that I used nonverbal means to facilitate my daily communication. For example, frowning and making someone believe I am mad...4.In what way can cultural differences influence international business negotiation?There is a joke about an American and a Japanese sitting on a park bench in Tokyo. Both are businessmen. The American says, “Well, you know I’ve been in Japan for my company for forty years. Forty years! And now they are sending me back home to the States in just a few days.” The Japanese replies, “That’s the problem with you Americans: here today and gone tomorr ow.”This witticism clearly illustrates a major difference in cross-cultural negotiation—the pace at which negotiations are conducted. North American, Australian, Swiss, British, andSingapore negotiators value rapid negotiations, whereas other cultures such as China, Japan, much of Latin America, and Africa prefer slower negotiations. Direct versus indirect is often problematic in business dealings as well. In negotiations with many cultures, a “yes” really means “no”./doc/2e6898362.html,pare and contrast the view to causes of illness and the treatment model between people from different cultural backgrounds in the health-care setting. Causes of illnessMany people of Asian origin(Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans, Japanese, and Southeast Asians) may view illness as a result of an imbalance between yin and yang. Yin is the feminine, passive principle that is manifested in darkness, cold, or wetness. Yang is the masculine, active principle that is exhibited by light, heat, or dryness. Yin and yang combine to produce every occurrence in life. An imbalance in this combination is believed to cause illness.Even in the United States, where high technology and science are primarily relied on to diagnose illness, many Americans believe that their illness is a reminder from God that they have had a behavioral lapse such as neglecting to go to church regularly, not saying one’s prayers, or not thanking God daily for blessings.In the Indian culture, where people hold strong beliefs about fate, reasons for becoming ill often are even questioned.For them, ill health and even death itself are accepted as part of the process of birth and rebirth. Just like an Indian proverb summarizes: “That which blossoms must also decay.”Treatment modelThe Chinese may rely on fortune-tellers to determine auspicious times to perform scheduled surgeries or procedures.The Chinese have other methods for treating illness. As Dresser notes: T o restore the balance of yin and yang, specialist may use acupuncture(metal needles inserted into skin at precise points) and moxibustion (heating crushed wormwood or other herbs directly on the skin). Herbalists, easily found in Chinatown shops, act as health consultants, prescribing and creating herbal remedies.Many Asian groups use “cupping” to cure illness. “Cupping” involves placing heated glasses upside down on the chest or back of the sick person and pulling them off after they have cooled. This practice, believed to “rub out” evil winds and spirits.Many people from Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Brazil believe in Santeria(a type of religion).Within the United States, some groups, particularly African Americans, rely on pica—a craving for nonfood substances—to treat illness. For example, an individual may eat laundry starch to “build up the blood” after an auto accident.。
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版
期末考试范围• 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%）• 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。
（15%）•eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter howpoor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence andvirtue.• 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。
（25%）4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%）5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论（comment)。
（30%）如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。
价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 AUnit10 BUnit1 AKey conceptsreservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神Q1、what is a reserved person like?Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen?Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship.Q3、what is sportsmanship?Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.Case studyQ、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?Answer: The loud speaking and speaking their native language made the reserved British feel quite unhappy. The Englishman is reserved, he doesn’t show much emotion and seldom gets excited.Unit1 BKey conceptsthe pioneering spirit创业精神trying something new探索精神equality平等national optimism 民族乐观freedom自由the Declaration of Independence独立宣言rags-to-richer白手起家social mobility社会流动性American dream美国梦Comprehension questions1. Can you summarize the character of Americans?The characters of Americans are the pioneering spirit, trying something new and being eager to equality and freedom. The American is competitive, friendly, spontaneous, adaptable, efficient, energetic, and kindhearted.2.In what sense is the pioneering spirit still an importantpart of the American character?1). Except for the slaves, immigrants came to America voluntarily in search of greater prosperity and freedom. (para3)2). In the mid-nineteenth century, the pioneering spirit led American settlers to travel westward in search of land and gold. (para4)3). The desire to start a new life in a new place is noticeable throughout the nation. Many Americans change residences every year. (para5) 4). Americans who don’t change residence are also on the move—traveling by air or auto to see their own country or to visit others. The need to explore a new frontier is basic to the American character. (para7)3. What is the American Dream? What is its impact on the American character?The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. Impact: Americans are optimistic and adventurous. The typical American believed in trying something new in an attempt to make life better. He had a firm faith in the possibility of progress. Every day in every way I am getting better and better.4. What are the basic roots of American character?The basic roots of American character are the pioneering spirit, the liberty spirit and the equality spirit.Case studyQ;Why did the American feel uncomfortable? Please give him suggestions on how to get along with English people.The American did something that he thought is friendly, but the English seemed quite unfriendly to him, so he felt uncomfortable.American is a bit casual, optimistic and outgoing. He called the first names and touched the people on the shoulder.But, English are reserved and conservative. They dislike physical touch and dislike to show much emotion. It’s also not polite to call the first names.Suggestions:1. On the whole British habits of politeness are very informal. All politeness is based on the elementary rule of showing consideration for others, and acknowledging the consideration they show to you.2. Conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred.Passage C The Chinese CharacterComprehension Questions1.Apart from family, what are other important units in Chinese society? How dothey work?Clan. A clan is the aggregate of kinship. A clan may comprise a whole village or suburb, and counties, provinces and state are conglomerates of a vast number of villages and suburbs with such clan populations.Grouping linked by friendship or marriage is also another important unit in Chinese society. A district may have all its groupings so associated together, and this forms the basis for common action in an emergency.2.Why is China a country with highly complicated social relationship? What aresupposed to be the advantages and disadvantages of it?Chinese society appears as a mass of circles or groupings rather than status or levels. Within each circle or grouping the people are related in clan or closer kinship and offer cooperation and succor to each other. Marriage and friendship created links with other clans and groupings. Therefore, a district may have all its groupings so associated together. So, the social relationship in China is more close and complicated than Western countries.Such kind is good for the steady of a society and peaceful life, good for governing but not good for development, for any new ideas and reformation. It is as personal oriented society. Sometimes it is easy to deal with something, but other times it makes things more complicated and even hinder the development of a society. For example, the complicated social relation becomes a big barrier for the implementation of lawand justice. It may give rise to the unequal of chance and resources. ...(a free answer question)3.Can you list some of the characteristics of the general character of the Chinesepeople based on the text. Try to give the possible reasons for the formation of such character.Chinese people are compromising, patient, mediative, harmonious, obedient, passive, pacific, long-viewing, tolerant, filial, conservative, thrift, friendly, diligent, and so on. They tend to be in low profile, hide their strength and depreciate their success. The character of Chinese is caused by many factors. From the text, we know its closely related to the organization of Chinese society. The Chinese society is organized by clans or friends of close association. It is a big circle of complicated relations. To maintain the steady of the circle, such kinds of character are of significant importance.Case StudyChina is a society of complicated social relation. Friend is a very important factor in society. Chinese people take care of maintaining friendship and tend to avoid direct conflict or making other lose face. In this case, to maintain the face of Jimmy, I would not mention the borrowed money in the face of Jimmy. But Jimmy keeping reminding "I" of the money made "I" feel quite embarrassed, and a bit angry. "I" thought Jimmy was not friendly.America is a society advocates individualism and their social relation is quite loose. They think friend is friend, money is money. What's more, compared with Chinese society, it is one with low-contexted culture, in which people would put everything in words and say it directly. In the case, Jimmy reminded "I" once again about the money lest "I" forget about it. To Jimmy, it was the fault of "I" not mentioning about the borrowed money earlier. So, when "I" asked about it, he said "Why didn't you remind me earlier?"What’s more, Americans don’t readily give money to others, which will most likely render a sense of humiliation about one’s ability to earn one’s own living. So in this case, Jimmy is a bit annoyed for “I” not remind him to pay back the borrowed money. He thought that he had been looked upon by “I”.Unit2 Akey concept:Five Relationships of Confucianism孔子的五伦思想 humanism 人道主义individualism个人主义collectivism集体主义individual's right个人权利1. According to Confucianism , what are the five cardinal relationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships be?Five cardinal relationship: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend and friend. This was explained as “There should be affection between father and son, righteous sense of duty between ruler and minister, division of function between man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends.”2. Can you tell the main influence of Confucianism on the ideology of Chinese people?In traditional Chinese beliefs, especially in Confucianism, collectivism is appreciated .It emphasizes cooperation among group members and individual success is due to the collective effort of the staff in a unit,an organization or a community .3. Can you tell the main influence of the Renaissance on Western values?In the Renaissance period of England ,people began to emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life .This is the rudiment of Humanism .People began to respect the humanity from then on ,and then developed into the ideas of what we always call freedom ,democracy .4. What is the difference between collectivism and individualism?Individualism refers to the doctrine that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society .Collectivism emphasizes cooperation among group members.(1)Westerners tend to believe that people should rely on themselvesas much as possible--and usually expect other people to do the same .People in collectivist cultures generally feel they have a right to expect help from other members of their groups ,and they also tend to feel they have an obligation to help other members of their groups .(2)Westerners generally feel that the rights of individuals shouldnot be subordinated to the needs of a larger group .People in collectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.(3)Westerners tend to believe that individuals should make decisionsfor themselves, and that individuals should take credit responsibility for what they are personally done. People in collectivist cultures tend to feel more that they are representative of their group, and to accept more responsibility for other members of their groups too.(4)Westerners tend to view individualism as a good thing .The Chineseterm for “individualism,”geren zhuyi, often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for “selfishness”.5. Why is it said that Americans are selfish? Do you think they are selfish? why or why not?Because Chinese term for “individualism,” geren zhuyi, often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for “selfishness”.No, I don’t think so .Individualism refers to the doctrine that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society .The word “individualism”has no negative connotation ,in fact ,its connotation is somewhat positive .6. Are all the Westerners individualists? Are all the Chinese collectivists? (P20 para20)Saying that Western culture is individualist does not mean that all Westerners are always individualist. Rather, it means that Westerners are more likely to think and act in individualist ways than people in collectivist cultures are. The difference between individualist and collectivist cultures is relative, not absolute.Case study1.Would you please help Shi Hai interpret the Chinese saying he mentioned? Common fame is seldom to blame; shoot the bird which takes the lead; The outstanding usually bear the brunt of attack.2. Would you please make suitable explanations for his declining the promotion so that Joe would understand him?Chinese people respect collectivism and emphasize cooperation, so individual success is due to the collective effort of the staff in a unit .so he thinks he should not receive the honor personally.Unit3 Akey concept:Nuclear family 核心家庭 happiness of individual member 个人主义幸福Sense of equality 平等意识 independence and individualism 独立自主1．How do Americans treat their newly-born babies and young adults?The American parents put a newborn in a separate bedroom when the childis a few weeks old. They like to preserve their privacy.2. What is the base of an American marriage? Why is divorce rate so highin the United States?(1)Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in U.S(2)They are extremely idealist about marriage, and they want deeply loved and deeply understood. But it is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so many divorced.3. What is the typical life of the old people in America? Why don’t they live together with their children?(1)American old people live apart from their children. Some families may place older relatives in nursing homes.(2)Their financial support is often provided by government-sponsored, social security or welfare systems. And older people often seek their own friends rather than becoming too emotionally dependent on their children.4. As a child in a Chinese family, how can you make your parents happy? Answer is open.1). To advance the family as a group and bring honor to the family name as well.2).To show filial duty and responsibility to parents. 3). To emphasize the peace and harmony of a family.case1: Q1：He will feel amazing and sympathy for her ,for which she is old enough but still living alone.Q2:1.In individualist cultures like that of the US, children arealienated from parents because parents chain them to be independent, “push them out of the nest”.2.Because of the cultural emphasis on self-reliance, the mother feelsit is inappropriate to ask for help, and the children may even think it is inappropriate to offer.3.Individualism leads people to feel they should stay out of eachother’s business.Case2:1).It is an offence to slap a child in America, but not in China. In America,ill-treating the children is illegal. The police may arrest the parents and send the children to DCFS shelter.2)In America, a sense of equality often exists in American homes.3). In China, parents regard their children as private prosperity.Chinese think Beating means love, scolding means affection tochildren.Unit3 BKey concepts：A member of many groups 各种群体中的成员Impermanence暂时Personal goals个人目标/Individual’needs个人需求Responsibilities 职责 A series of concentric circles 一系列同心圆Stable 稳固 Connection VS contract关系和合约Comprehension questions1.What are the characteristics of American social relationship? Impermanent and loose, individual’s needs come first, contractual and compartmentalized.2.Why is American social relationship impermanent?They are members of many groups simultaneously. If they personal goals are no longer being met by a group,they move on and probably look to new associates for the benefits they used to receive from the former group.3.Can you draw a picture to illustrate the pattern of Chinese socialrelationship? Who are in the inner most part and who are in the outside ?what is the difference between each part?○2I and family are in the inner most part while everyone else in the geographic area or nation or world are in the outside.○3 the difference between inner and out side is from most important to least important.4.What are the different understanding of friend between Chinese andAmerican?•1). Americans have casual, friendly relationships with many people , but deeper, close friendships with only a few. (para8) •American friendships tend to be very compartmentalized because they are based on a shared activity, event, or experience. (para9) •2). Chinese are likely to react more to the other person as a whole and will avoid forming friendships with those whose values and behaviors are in some way deemed undesirable. (para10) •5.Do you think friendship shares some common elements in differentcultures? If you do, what are they?Answer is open.Both regard friendship as a very important thing to individuals.Case 1•Because Jackson thinks friendship is mostly a matter of providing emotional support and spend time together .•It’s not appropriate for the Americans to use personal connections to help a friend get something hard to obtain.•This situation creates dependence of one person on the other and it goes against the principle of equality.Case 2• 1. Not really, just because their children like to play together, these two women plan to get together at each other’s houses.• 2. They are common friends. a). American friendships are based ona shared activity, event, or experience. b). They view themselvesand others as a composite of distinct interests. c). Their children like to play together, so they have some common interests. d). They may get together just because their kids would enjoy that.Case3•Q1.They broken their friendship because they finished they common chemistry class and didn’t see each other very much at school.•No one should be blamed for it because the different culture between Jordan and the United States lead to different attitudes to friendship.•Q2.No I don’t think so. Because American friendship is impermanent and based on a shared class, activity or event .If one drop out of it, they may lose contact with the friends with whom they sharedthat activity.Unit5AKey concepts：Gentleness and benevolence温柔与仁慈harmony 和谐violence and cruelty暴力和残酷conquest over nature征服自然exquisiteness and taste 精致和品位nutrition and balance 均衡营养pragmatism实用主义1.What are the functions of chopsticks?Chopsticks can nip, pick, rip and stir food.2.What are the possible reasons for Americans＇use of forks and knives at dinner?The ancestors of many Western countries lived by hunting. Meat was their basic food source and gradually took the place of staple food. They had to use forks and knives to cut and pork their food.3.Why do Chinese pay more attention to the taste of food?That appeals to the traditional ideology of China. Confucius emphasized the delight that food could bring to us. The standards of quality and taste that Confucius recommended required the perfect blend of ingredients, herbs and condiments---a blend which would result in the perfect combination of flavor.4.Why do Americans pay more attention to nutrition?Under the influence of pragmatism, food or eating is just a way to keep healthy to Westerners, having little to do with artistry. What they care about most is the nutrition contained in food and the balance of the whole diet structure rather than exquisiteness in cuisine and taste of food.5.Do you know why vegetables became the staple food of the Chinese, while meat became the main food of Americans?• 1. Historically, China is an agricultural country, while the ancestors of Americans lived by hunting.• 2. Environmentally, China has a large amount of population and lack of land to support a cattle industry. America has an abundance of fertile, flat land for grazing cattle and food production.•Case Study:• 1.Why did Ling Hong’s mother keep on encouraging Susan to eat more even after Susan refused?•In Chinese culture, Ling Hong’s mother kept on encouraging Susan to eat more is to show the hospitality of the host to Susan.• 2.Why did Susan feel embarrassed when Ling Hong’s mother put some food in her bowl with her chopsticks?•Because in western culture, food is usually served separately to each person----partly for hygiene reasons and partly due toindividualism.Unit6 AKey concepts ：1.Creativity: 创造力the ability to use your imagination to produce newideas, make things.2.Exploring:探索1)、to discuss or think about something carefully；2)、to travel around an area in order to find out about it；3)、written to feel something with your hand or another part of your body to find out what it is like3.Self-reliant：自主的able to do or decide things by yourself, without depending on the help or advice of other peopleOriginality：.独创性1. the ability to think and act independently 2. thequality of being new and original (not derived from something else)Molding and shaping: 塑造to guide (sb.) with the intent to control.1、How do the Chinese teach their children ? How do American do? Can youfind the theories supporting the different teaching methods?2. Answer is open.3. Answer is open. Don’t help the baby stand immediately. Let the baby explore and experience, and try to find the balance to stand by itself.Case1:Firstly, Chinese students are used to take what the teacher's said as authority, and try to memorize what is given in lessons. On the other hand, teaching in China focus more on knowledge than on creation, to make students with the same ideas, the same knowledge. Moreover, to them, it is impolite to challenge the teacher's words, to form different ideas from the teacher. But to the Westerners, things are quite different. The aim of western education is to produce students with different ideas, to develop their creativity. To them, the more questions asked in class means more attention you give to what the teacher says. And more interest you show to the topic and the teacher. So, in this case, Professor Johnson mistook the silence of the students as their no interest in his subject, and felt disappointed.Case21. Because the American teacher thought that I was an adult, I should at least have some ideas about a question, no matter how difficult it is, even the answer is totally wrong.2. Chinese educators are used to “teaching by holding his hand”. So long as the students are shown how to do something, they are less likely to solve a problem effectively by themselves. They may lack of creativity and self-reliance.unit7AKey concepts；1.Monochronic time : 单一时间an approach that favors linear structure and focus on one event or interaction at a time.2.Polychronic time: 多元时间people may attend to many things happening at once in this approach to time3.linear structure: 线性结构sequential blocks that can be organized, quantified, and scheduled.4. Schedule oriented:以计划为方向的 people doing one thing at a time during a specified time-period, working on a single task until it is finished.5. People oriented:以人为方向的do not emphasize scheduling by separating time into discrete, fixed segments.6. Punctuality:严守时间 everyone is supposed to arrive on time when attending a formal banquet or meeting appointments.Comprehension questions (p82)1. What is monochromic cultures? What is polychromic cultures? Monochronic cultures typically emphasize doing one thing at a time during a specified time-period, working on a single task until it is finished. Polychronic cultures are involved with many things at once, usually with varying levels of attention paid to each.2. what are the different attitudes monochromic people and polychromic people hold toward time?Monochronic people see time as being divided into fixed elements (seconds, minutes, hours, etc.), sequential blocks that can be organized, quantified, and scheduled. Polychronic people prefer not to have detailed plans imposed on them but want to make their own plans and meet deadlines in their own way.3.What difficulties might an M-time-oriented person encounter when interacting someone who follows a P-time orientation? What kind of feelings might emerge during their meeting?Difficulties: M-time-oriented person should keep waiting.Feelings: To feel put down, angry and frustrated.4．What difficulties might a P-time-oriented person encounter when meeting someone who follows an M-time orientation? What kind of feelings might emerge during their meeting?Difficulties: P-time-oriented person dislikes to squeeze people in . They prefer not to have detailed plans imposed on them. Feelings: To feel compelled and uncomfortable.5．What are the strengths and weaknesses of M-time system and P-time system?•M. S: stimulating, productive, desirable, punctual• W: without reference to logic and human needs•.•P. S: Being oriented toward people, emphasizing human needs.• W: wasteful and distracting, not punctualCase1(para3)• 1.No , I don't like . Robert is a monochronicpeople , these people see time as being dividedinto fixed elements(seconds ,minutes ,hours ,etc), sequentialblocks that can be organized, quantified, andscheduled .They love to plan in detail, make lists,keep track of activities and organize time into adaily routine. so Robert does things like this.• 2. I'm a polychronic people , I dislike doingthings in haste.Case2(para5)•The director is a polychronic people , peoplein such kind of cultures do not emphasize scheduling by separating time into discrete, fixed segments. They treat time as a less tangible medium so that they can interact with more than one person or do more than one thing at a time , they do not perceive appointments as iron-clad commitments ,therefore ,in these cultures, personal interaction an relationship development are more important than making appointments or meeting deadlines. so the director had the behavior toward Katherine .Unit10 B课后四个comprehension questions:Case Study:❖Question 1: Why does the secretary quit her job?❖The manager has made a number of mistakes, by not understanding that in some cultures it is not acceptable to criticize people in front of others.This is because a public telling-off leads to a "loss of face". It can also be unacceptable to show emotion at the workplace. Although there are always going to be times when criticism is necessary, in this cultural context, direct criticism, even in a one-to-one situation, is not acceptable.❖Question 2: Can you give some suggestions to handle the situation?Verluyten, who has carried out research into indirectness and conflict avoidance amongst executives in a range of countries, suggests that there are three ways of dealing with the situation:❖ 1 Blur the sender. This means that you don't criticize the person directly. but do so through a friend or colleague.❖ 2 Blur the receiver. This means that you mention the problem in front of thewhole group, rather than pick out an individual.❖ 3 Blur the message. This could mean talking about a hypothetical case, or asking indirect questions, such as "Do you still live out of town?" or "How is the baby?" It might even involve giving excessive praise-- the secretary would then know that something was wrong.。
跨文化交际课后题答案
Unit 1Language and Culture in Communication1.Fill in blanksa. There are here-------- Chinese equivalents to communication in Mainland.交际（）交流（）沟通（）传播（）通信（）交通（）传理（）b. There must be ___________conditions for communication to take place.c. There are _______ kinds of communication.d. The two kinds of cross-cultural communication are _______ and ______.e. In any forms of communication, mono-cultural, unilateral and bilateral cross-cultural alike, ______ is the essence.f. Y ou complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone is a________ example of communication.g. Y ou send an e-mail message to an American friend is an instance of communication but______.h. An Arabic traveler talks to you in Arabic that is Greek to you is an instance of_________.i. The community definition of a social situation is a sort of ______ definition,or ______ interpretation of the situation.j. In cross-cultural communication, private goals are difficult to detect and are likely to cause ______.k. A social situation may receive two definitions. They are____________________ and ______________.l. The verbal message of shrug is a non-verbal signal of_________________.m. The verbal message of thank is a non-verbal signal of________________.n. The goal of Dick’s going to the library is likely to _______________________________________.Ⅱ. Key Termsa. languageb. non-verbal communicationc. cross-cultural communicationd. situational schemae. signalf. cultureg. communicationh.. mutual monitoringi. valuej. competenceⅢ. Short Answer1. Give some best and not good instances of communication.2. How to understand a mutual monitoring?a. Types of communication.b. Cultural influencing factors of cross-cultural communication.c. b. collectivist culturec. hospitalityⅣ. Case studyUse the communication theory to analyze the following case:Xiao Huang meets Evelyn at the airport and says to h er:"Long time n o see!"1）The source of information is: ______.2）The encoder is: ______.3）The code is: ______.4）The message is: "______!"5）The channel is: ______.6）The medium is: ______.7）The noise is: ______.8）The decoder is: ______.9）The retrieval of information is: ______.Keys To Unit OneⅠ.Fill in the blanks.a.6b.4c.5d. unilateral cross-cultural communication, bilateral cross-cultural communicatione. meaning exchangef. bestg. Y es, but not very good.h. non-communicationi. official，officialj. misunderstandingk. one of the community and one of the participants.l. raising one’s shoulders up and down.m. holding one’s hands in a fist in frontn. borrow booksII. Key Termsa. language. a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols ("He taught foreign languages")b. While we speak with our vocal organs we converse with our whole bodies. Inaddition to the words we use we convey a whole variety of information to others with our bodies. This is non-verbal communication.c.It refers to the communication between the people with different cultural backgrounds.d. It refers to the rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed.e. It means an element of the behavior, appearance, etc., of one organism that is received by the sense organs of a second organism and affects its behavior.f. Culture means:1.The arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.2.The beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.g. communication: the exchange of information between people, e.g. by means of speaking, writing, or using a common system of signs or behaviors. There are source of information, encoder, code, channel, decoder, retriev al of information.III. Short answers.Best examples：Y ou complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone. Two blind people exchange ideas in Braille. Not so good examples; An orator delivers a speech to a large gathering. Y ou send an email message to an American friend.when you are alone with no one else being present , you can do anything you like, because you are not in a social situation. Once another person joins you, or even comes close enough that you two can see each other, your behavior is affected by his or her presence. That is mutual monitoring.a. human communicationb. animal communicationc. human-animal communicationd. human-machine communicatione. machine-to-machine communication4. they are of history, tradition, religion, value, social organization, customs, social development and systems.5. collectivist culture places little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. They have been labeled as ‘we’ cultures because the basic unit is the in-group or collective.IV. Case study1）Xiao Huang2）Xiao Huang3）English;4）Long time no see!;5）face to face;6）air;7）the disturbance of the passing airplanes;8）Evelyn;9）Evelyn。
文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案1~8
·文化差异与跨文化交际第一章1 【单选题】(10分) 中西方文化交流的历史源远流长，历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。
“丝绸之路”的得名是由（）提出的。
A. 张骞B. 汉和帝C. 汉武帝D. 李希霍芬正确查看答案解析10分2 【多选题】(10分) 广义上的“丝绸之路”除了包括陆上丝绸之路外，还包括海上丝绸之路。
海上丝绸之路由（）组成。
A. 东洋航线B. 西洋航线C. 南洋航线D. 北洋航线正确查看答案解析10分3 【多选题】(10分) “丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。
其发挥的作用主要是指（）。
A. 贸易作用B. 军事作用C. 外交作用D. 文化交流作用正确查看答案解析文化差异与跨文化交际10分4 【单选题】(10分) 通过“陆上丝绸之路”，于（通过“陆上丝绸之路”，于（ ）年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。
）年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。
A. 贞观十四年 B. 康熙九年康熙九年C. 崇祯十六年崇祯十六年D. 元和七年元和七年正确正确查看答案解析查看答案解析 10分5 【单选题】(10分) 汉武帝时期，（汉武帝时期，（ ）为开拓“丝绸之路”立下了汗马功劳，被誉为“中国走向世界第一人”。
界第一人”。
A. 卫青卫青B. 霍去病霍去病C. 张骞D. 司马迁司马迁正确正确 查看答案解析查看答案解析10分6 【多选题】(10分) 鸠摩罗什把佛教从西方引入中国，将大量经书翻译成汉语，为佛教在中国的传播做出了巨大的贡献。
他与（出了巨大的贡献。
他与（ ）和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。
）和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。
A. 不空B. 鉴真鉴真C. 法显法显D. 真谛正确正确查看答案解析查看答案解析10分7 【单选题】(10分) （ ）17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔历时四年来到中国，与元世祖忽必烈建立了友谊。
后由鲁斯蒂谦将其在中国见闻轶事整理并编著成游记，在欧洲广为流传，激起了欧洲人对东方的向往。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题（一） I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points each) Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the ONE that best complete the statement. 1. In the United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants移民 each year and has referred to as a melting-pot大熔炉 society. This trend can reflect the theory of ___A__. A. macroculture B. microculture C. globalization D. modernization 2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. This case reflects the ___A____ characteristic of subgroup. A. deviant label B. temporality - C. wanna-be behavior D. unexamined
3. When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culture from ___B___ perspective. A. anthropological人类学 B. intellectual有才智的 C. social D. psychological心理
4. The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, would be termed __B_______. A. interracial communication B. interethnic communication … C. international communication D. interpersonal communication
5. There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics but similar habits. However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes”. This belief can reflect that____C___.
A. Human nature is evil but perfectible B. Human nature is a mixture of good and evil C. Human nature is good but corruptible容易堕落的 D. None of the above
6. Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in , has adapted himself so well to American culture that he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called__C___. A. separation and segregation隔离 B. integration整合一体化 , C. assimilation吸收同化 D. marginalization边缘化
7. Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In his first week in ., he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in__A___ stage of culture shock. A. honeymoon蜜月 B. crisis危机 C. reintegration再整合 D. gradual adjustment逐渐适应 8. ___C__ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. A. Decoding B. Channel ~ C. Encoding D. Source
9. ___A__ refers to anything that distorts歪曲曲解 the message the source encodes. A. Noise B. Message C. Source D. Context 10. ___D__ refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning. A. Receiver B. Decoding : C. Encoding D. Feedback
II. Terms (15 points, 3 points each) Directions: There are five terms in this section. Try to explain the following terms in your own words. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.
11. Intercultural communication communication between people whose culture perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. 12. Culture (from intercultural communication perspective) Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. 从跨文化交际角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信念、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观念的积淀，以及他们获得的物质的东西和所有物。 13. Norms norms are culturally ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which, if broken carry a form of overt or covert penalty. 规范指的是正确和不正确行为根深蒂固的文化原则，这种不正确的行为一旦发生，就意味着一种显性或隐性的处罚。 14. Acculturation is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group. 15. Euphemism Euphemism means the act of substituting a mild,indirect,or vague term for one considered harsh,blunt,or offensive.指用温和的，间接的方式来代替严厉的，生硬的或冒犯的言语。
III. Case Analysis (20 points, 5 points each) Directions: In this section you are supposed to analyze the following cases from the perspective of intercultural communication. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.
16. At a reception for a . political candidate, the guests appear to be divided into groups. People in some groups are all African Americans, others are Latin Americans, and others are Asians. Explain the cultural phenomena that are operating at this political gathering.
> 17. The . automotive manufacturers have complained about Japanese automotive imports and