2014高考英语 强效提分指南 阅读理解不同体裁阅读方法说明文
高考英语说明文阅读理解讲解ppt1.0
蚊子为什么没有被雨滴砸死？
飞机“不喝油”也能飞
确定文体
看设问
围绕一个事物
多细节
多推理
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（2015，湖北卷，D） 63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? 64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____. 65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____. 66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.
How ？
我国的石拱桥几乎到处都有。这些桥大小不一，形 式多样，有许多是惊人的杰作。其中最著名的当推河北 省赵县的赵州桥，还有北京丰台区的卢沟桥。
How ？
举例子 Exemplify
作比较 Compare
说明方法
列数据 Statistic/Data 引用 分类
描写 解释
解决问题
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看标题
点明说明对象 点出对象特征 具体事物 XX的XX
冬至的习俗
八达岭长城
去年的冬至
论冬至对中国人的重要性
游八达岭长城
八达岭的买花小女孩
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看标题
运用问句的形式 话题新鲜奇特 引用热门话题
How to…
Why …
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注释词汇
新颖概念
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植物的“五官” 治疗“语言癌” 会呼吸的建筑
2014年高考英语试题阅读理解 江苏卷解析
20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (江苏卷)英语第三部分阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．for Architecture and Interiorstyles from different periods andInstitute and the Statue ofA. It helped display their money status.B. It was created by famous architects.C. It was named after a famous institute.D. It represented the 19th century urban culture.57. What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?A. Its designs are anti-conventional.B. Its designs come from famous structures.C. Its customers can enjoy their own composition.D. Its customers can choose from various new styles.【篇章导读】这是一篇广告。
文中介绍了厨房设计的风格、由来以及顾客的创新。
【热点词汇】so much of很重要tell of讲述successful American Entrepreneurs成功的美国企业家personal wealth个人财富Architecture and Interior Design建筑与室内设计Beaux Arts布杂艺术；布杂学院式；美的艺术a composition of……的组合world-famous structures享誉世界的建筑the Statue of Liberty（美国纽约）自由女神像account for对…做出解释anti-conventional architects反世俗建筑师back then当时historical eras历史性时代break the conventional rules of style打破常规的风格A broad range of seemingly conflicting features广泛的看似矛盾的特性a harmonious design of your own自己和谐的设计choose from 从……选择much more than不仅仅a reflection of your personality个性的反映56. A 【解析】细节理解题。
全攻略高中英语阅读理解题型体裁解读解题技巧及练习附答案
高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨—推理判断题（一）题型复习阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。
Ⅰ.事实细节题Ⅱ.猜测词义题学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义3）通过因果关系猜测词义4）根据生活常识猜测词义5）根据同等关系猜测词义6）根据列举的事例猜测词义7）根据构词法知识猜测词义Ⅲ.推理判断题做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。
不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区。
学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调(如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等)。
这类试题常以如下句式发问：①Whatcanyouconclude/implyfromthispassage?②What’stheauthor’sattitude（态度）towards...?③Wecaninfer/learnfromthepassagethat...Ⅳ.主旨大意题这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。
一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：1．确定文章的标题和主题(titleortopic)标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。
它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。
要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。
不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。
2014年高考英语真题(word版)——广东卷(试题+答案解析)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语试题本试卷共12页，三大题，满分135分。
考试用时120分钟。
Ⅰ．语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C 和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again，teenagers have __1__ feelings about their parents，saying that it is not easy living with them.According to a recent research，the most common __2__between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.On the one hand，parents go mad over __3__ rooms，clothes thrown on the floor and their children's refusal to help with the __4__.On the other hand，teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for __5__the towel in the bathroom，not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.The research，conducted by St.George University，shows that different parents have different __6__ to these problems.However，some approaches are more __7__ than others.For example，those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness，but __8__ clean the room for them，have fewer chances of changing their children's __9__.On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the __10__ of their actions can do better.For example，when teenagers who don't help their parents with the shoppingdon't find their favorite drink in the refrigerator，they are forced to __11__ their actions.Psychologists say that__12__ is the most important thing in parent-child relationships.Parents should __13__ to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.Parents may __14__ their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private munication is a two-way process.It is only by listening to and __15__ each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.1．A．natural B．strongC．guilty D．similar2．A．interest B．ArgumentC．link D．knowledge3．A．noisy B．CrowdedC．messy D．locked4．A．homework B．HouseworkC．problem D．research5．A．washing B．UsingC．dropping D．replacing6．A．approaches B．ContributionsC．introductions D．attitudes7．A．complex B．PopularC．scientific D．successful8．A．later B．DeliberatelyC．seldom D．thoroughly9．A．behavior B．TasteC．future D．nature10．A．failures B．ChangesC．consequence D．thrills11．A．defend B．delayC．repeat D．reconsider12．A．communication B．bondC．friendship D．trust13．A．reply B．attendC．attach D．talk14．A．hate B．scoldC．frighten D．stop15．A．loving B．ObservingC．understanding D．praising第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
2014高考英语真题试卷全国一卷(含答案和解析)
2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of5and14to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265Mass Avenue.Cambridge02139by Friday,February8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April21st.Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March10th and March15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at:.21.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A.School studentsB.Cambridge localsC.CSF winnersD.MIT artists22.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A.On February8thB.On March10thC.On April21stD.On March15th23.What type of writing is this text?A.An exhibition guide.B.An art show review.C.An announcement.D.An official report.BPassenger pigeons（旅鸽）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the18th and19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point,there were more than3billion passenger pigeons–a number equal to24to40percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.Even as late as1870when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock believed to be1mile wide and320miles(about515kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the mercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’need for wood,which scattered（驱散）the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.In1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for10years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September1,1914.24.In the18th and early19th centuries,passenger pigeons.A.were the biggest bird in the worldB.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US25.The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons’.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution26.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A.To seek pleasureB.To save other birdsC.To make moneyD.To protect crops27.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A.It was ignored by the publicB.It was declared too lateC.It was unfairD.It was strictCA typical lion tamer（驯兽师）in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip（鞭）and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve（e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more）---only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A.To show off his skills.B.To trick the lion.C.To get ready for a fight.D.To entertain the audience.29.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wrong things.C.They find it hard to make changed.D.They have to do something for show.30.What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph3?A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive31.When the world is“waving a chair in your face”,you’re advised to.A.wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC.make a quick decisionD.ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English,Chinese,Spanish,and Arabic,other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact,half of the6,000-7,000languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizations---UNESCO and National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin,a scientist at the Macmillan Center,Yale University,who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas,is following in that tradition.His recently published book,A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture,grows out of his experience living,looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin,who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India,Nepal,Bhutan,and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials---including photographs,films,tap recordings,and field notes---which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now,through the two organizations that he has founded---the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project---Turin has started a campaign to make such documents,found in libraries and stores around the world,available not just to scholars but to the youngers.Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet.Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32.Many scholars are making efforts to.A.promote global languageB.rescue disappearing languagesC.search for language communitiesD.set up language research organizations33.What does“that tradition”in Paragraph3refer to?A.Having full records of the languages.B.Writing books on language teaching.C.Telling stories about language users.D.Living with the native speakers.34.What is Turin’s book based on?A.The cultural studies in India.B.The documents available at Yale.C.His language research in Bhutan.D.His personal experience in Nepal.35.Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?A.Write,sell and donate.B.Record,repair and reward.C.Design,experiment and report.D.Collect,protect and reconnect.第二节（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
天津 高考 英语阅读文体a b c d
天津高考英语阅读文体a b c d关于天津高考英语阅读文体A B C D的探讨高考英语阅读文体分为A、B、C和D四种类型，这四种类型各具特色，也都需要掌握不同的应对策略，下面我们就分别来了解一下天津高考英语阅读文体A B C D的事情。
一、文体A文体A要求考生掌握较高的阅读能力，需要快速熟悉文章主题，提取关键信息，并且进行精细阅读。
因为文章的难度较高，大量的单词和长难句往往会成为考生阻碍阅读的障碍。
在备考时，建议考生多做真题和模拟题，熟悉文章的阅读节奏和题型特点，提高文章阅读的效率和准确性。
二、文体B文体B要求考生掌握较高的文章分析能力，需要了解并分析文章的结构和组织，积累相关领域的相关知识。
阅读时，考生要抓住文章的中心思想，靠近文章细节，理解作者写作的意图和目的，锻炼综合运用语言和语境进行阅读。
三、文体C文体C要求考生掌握较高的信息获取和文化素养能力，需要在广泛阅读的基础上，理解和应用各种信息资源。
考生在阅读时要注重文化多元性，对相关文化背景和历史背景进行分析和了解，提高在多样化语境下的阅读和理解能力。
四、文体D文体D要求考生掌握较高的推理和判断能力，需要在阅读和理解文章基础上，运用推理、分析和推断能力，较好地把握文章的内在含义和逻辑关系。
考生在阅读时要关注细节，理解文章主题和情感色彩，掌握不同文章写作的套路和技巧，提高文章分析和推断能力。
因此，要想在天津高考英语阅读中脱颖而出，首先要对四种文体有比较深入的了解和掌握，然后有针对性地进行有效的备考和练习，注重思维的拓展和综合能力的提升，坚持每天阅读和记忆，让阅读成为你的良师益友，通过不断地练习和提高，最终取得优秀的高考成绩。
高考英语 强效提分指南 语法 谓语动词
高考英语语法：谓语动词总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态: 英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing过去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing将来shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX将来shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done主动语态在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态一.一般现在时:1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示2.用法:①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作a. It is fine today.b. I am a student.c. I get up at six every day.d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.②.表示客观事实或普遍真理a. Japan is to the east of China.b. The sun rises in the east.c. A horse is a useful animal.③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等a. My train leaves at 6:30.b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.c. I will be away when he arrives.d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.b. There goes the bell.⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !⑦.在剧本或图片的说明文字中, 用一般现在时表示动作a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.二.现在进行时:1.构成: am / is / are doing2.用法:①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作a. I am writing a letter.b. My mother is making a dress these few days.②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.b. John is coming here next week.③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作a. The little boy is always asking questions.b. You are always saying that sort of thing.④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等三.现在完成时:1.构成: have / has done2.用法:①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语a. I have studied English since 1987.b. He has lived here for two years.c. He has been ill for ten days.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用a. She has already come.b. I have met him before.c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?e. I have seen him this morning.四.现在完成进行时:1.构成: have / has been doing2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)3.用法:①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止a. I have been reading the book all the morning.b. He has been staying here for two hours.c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信 (强调结果)b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信 (强调一直在写)c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调读过这一结果)d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书 (强调一直在读)。
高中英语真题-2014高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练(5)及答案
高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练（5）及答案阅读理解-----D(2013·兰州市诊断，B)“I like your smile, but unlike you put your shoes on my face”. A charming way of saying “Keep off the grass”. But could you figu re it out? Or this: “Wash Clothing Store” for laundry.They are both typical Chinglish, a combination of English vocab ulary and Chinese grammar. Expressions such as “people mou ntain people sea”， means extremely crowded, and “give you s ome color to see”， meaning a punishment, are widely known a nd recognized.Chinglish has been attracting global attention in recent years as grows rapidly in stature on the world stage, attracting both fan s and detractors.The Beijing Speaks Foreign Languages Programme and Englis h First China Company, a language trainer known as EF Educa tion, jointly launched a campaign to root out poor grammar and misused vocabulary in downtown . They argue Chinglish is an e mbarrassment that we should let it die out at all costs.“It is meaningful, to allow the capital show its most beautiful hist orical and cultural heritage to the world.” Michael Lu, vicepresid ent of EF Education said, “since the launching of the campaign, foreign teachers and students had been very keen to volunteer participation.” He believed signs were very important in public services. “The signs in some old buildings confused foreign visi tors.”Chinglish, although the target of much criticism, has also won s upporters who regard it as an interesting way for foreigners to l earn how Chinese people think and express themselves.“Many Chinglish logos carry Chinese elements and they will enr ich the English language，” 32yearold Oliver Radtke said. He h ad even published a book “Chinglish: Found in Translation，” o n the subject. About 50 000 copies of the book have been sold since it was published in 2007.Some Chinese university experts also side with Chinglish. “Engl ish has absorbed elements from other languages such as Frenc h and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence of Chinglish ag ain testifies to the language's vitality and inclusiveness，” said Shi Anbin, an associate professor of Tsinghua University.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。
说明文的阅读技能与教学设计-高考英语二轮复习
说明文的阅读技能与教学设计一、说明文教学现状二、认识说明文（一）说明文的定义及分类（二）说明文的阅读步骤1.确定说明对象2.分析语篇结构3.厘清说明顺序4.确定说明方法三、小结四、我的感想（一）转变阅读思维（二）例子剖析一、说明文教学现状该部分主要提及说明文呈现话题专业性强、句式复杂且包含大量生词，而一线教师在试卷讲评说明文阅读课的过程中，主要有以下问题：1. 即使讲了语法、长难句和词汇，甚至翻译全文，但学生仍似懂非懂；2. 《课标（2022版）》要求学生要有整体理解语篇的能力，如何进行语篇探究设计，以达到课标对学生思维能力培养的要求？3. 试卷评讲类的说明文如何设计生成性活动？另外，提出教师应该明确：1. 说明文的定义及分类；2. 《课标（2022版）》中关于中学生应该具备的与说明文相关的阅读理解能力定义。
二、认识说明文（一）说明文的定义及分类定义：说明文一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。
分类：说明文分为事理型说明文（对抽象事例的阐释，使人们对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学认识，如2020年全国3卷D篇，用最新基因研究成果阐述人类的进化）和事物型说明文（对客观事物做出说明，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能等有一定了解，如2020年全国1卷D 篇，介绍麻省理工学院开发的发光植物）。
区分：事理型说明文和议论文事理型说明文重在客观陈述，议论文有作者的主观态度。
《课标2022版》对说明文分析理解能力的要求：二级：说明文（介绍类、科普类、简短书面指令、操作程序等）三级：介绍类短文、程序或现象说明、事理阐释、书面指令、操作指南、使用手册等三级+：简单说理类文章三级+：理解说明文语篇的主要写作目的、结构特征、基本语言特点和信息组织方式，并用以说明事物和阐释事理三级+：理解说理类语篇的主要写作目的、结构特征、论证方法、基本语言特点和信息组织方式说明文的重要性：习总书记强调教材要体现国家和民族的基本价值观，体现人类文化知识积累和创新成果。
2014年高考英语试题阅读理解 天津卷解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (天津卷)英语第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）AA Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8 pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or lat at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Cafélocated in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, th e Wellness Centr e is committed t o physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insuranc e. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1;00 to 4;30 pm.Academic SupportAll student s have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteer s will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointme nt on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30 –minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 9am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch TVB. Buy drinks and enjoy concertsC. have meals and meet with friendsD. Add money to your ID and play chess37. Where and when can you cook your own food?A. The Globe, FridayB. The Lower Café, SundayC. The TWU Cafeteria, FridayD. The McMillan Hall, Sunday.38. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre______.A. is open six days a weekB. offers services free of chargeC. trains students in medical careD. gives advice on mental health39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?A. By applying onlineB. By calling the centreC. By filling in a sign-up formD. By going to the centre directly40. What is the function of TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus toursC. To take students to the Mattson Centre.D. To transport students to and from the stores.【篇章导读】这是一篇广告。
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- 1 - 高考英语 英语阅读理解不同体裁阅读方法说明文
说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：例如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。举例说明文使用例子说明事物阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异，分类展开法则强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似，对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物发生的原因及结果。除了用文字说明以外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。
无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。 因此，阅读说明文的关键是：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。 下面具体看看两篇说明文。 （05 重庆卷 B 段） Reading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability.
There are four parts in the book: Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else.
There is a test on timetables and a test on text messages. Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal (正式的) English in biography (传记) . There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading. - 2 -
Part 3 is Places: In this part, too. Many different kinds of English are shown, some informal and some formal. There is the informal English of a holiday postcarD．There is also the formal English in a letter of complaint.
Part 4 is Things: You will find some descriptive writing in this part. There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer.
You can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text.
I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it. 解析：这篇文章使用浅显平实的语言详细介绍了这本书的4个部分的内容。说明的重点在书的内容，这本书的特征体现在它的内容。抓住了这一特点，也就读懂了这篇文章，再来做理解题，就容易多了。看看相关的理解题：
59．We can find the introduction to a product in . A．Part 1 B．Part 2 C．Part 3 D．Part 4 60．Which of the following is most probably written in informal English? A．A letter of complaint. B．A computer handbook. C．A letter to a frienD． D．A story of a president. 61．The passage is most probably written for . A．test designers B．students C．test-takers D．teachers 62．What is the best title of the book? A．Test Your Reading B．Help with Your Writing C．Learn Different Kinds of English D．Practise English in Different Ways （参考答案：DCBA） - 3 -
（05 山东卷 E篇） A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband．The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the drivers response.
Tiredness is directly related to a drivers response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the drivers response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the departments laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months time, are successful, the markets will bring the product to market within about a year.
解析：这篇文章说明Driver Alert这一驾驶员警报装置。抓住了它的工作原理、功能作用就抓住了它的本质特点。3.4.5自然段是理解的重点：开车时驾驶员腕带上的警报会每隔4分钟发出声音，驾驶员听到声音按压方向盘作出反应。传感器会探测到从听到声音到作出反应之间的时间差，如果这个时间差大于500毫秒，说明驾驶员疲劳打瞌睡。了解了这个装置的特点，就读懂了这篇文章。看看理解题：
72．According to the text, Driver Alert _____. - 4 -
A．aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents B．has gone through testing at laboratories C．aims to prevent drivers from sleeping D．has been on sale for 12 months 73．How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert? A．By sounding a warning. B．By touching the wristband． C．By checking the driving time. D．By pressing the steering wheel. 74．We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time