世纪研究生英语阅读B课后答案全
新世纪研究生英语课后题答案2
新世纪研究生英语课后题答案2翻译：邀请名人做广告，只要商品确实货真价实，名人又愿意，这应该是广告技巧的上策，会产生很强的名人效应。
但是货品质量差，广告又言过其实，又请名人做广告，这种广告一时也许会产生一些好的影响，但最终是砸了自己的牌子，也坍了名人的台，影响了名人的信誉。
因此，名人在接受广告要慎之又慎。
To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.当今都市比较高贵的居住区中有群被人们称作单身贵族的人，他们通常是有些技术的专业人员，既年轻、富有，又选择自己的生活方式。
新世纪研究生英语教程答案
main ideasPart I (para.1)This part introduces the subject and arouses readers' interest.The author makes an impressive description of the impact of saying good-bye and actual leaving on him.Part II (para.2 to para.4)The author sets the stage with a general description of how he feels on that particular day.His own mood changes from the strong desire of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty and to a mixture of both.Part III (para.5 to para.19)The author depicts in great detail the main interest of the story.By having brunch with his Mom and saying good-bye to her, he made a very smooth illustration of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes.Part IV (para.20)The author brings the story to its climax and ends it with a symbolic description.He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. What he chooses is to experience sheer excitement, close his eyes, take a deep breath, and jump into the future.What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the author's mood like before the day of departure and after?How did his mother's mood change during his brunch with her?What was the significance of the particular day to the author?Suggested SummaryThe time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.Part I (para.1 to para.4)Even though oil consumption is higher than before, its prices won't rise for several reasons. (para. 1)Crude-oil prices have kept changing, which results from the armed conflict in the Middle East.(para. 2)Oil consumption is increasing in developed and developing countries.(para. 3)Thinking that we are unable to avoid oil crisis, Richard E. Rainwater has invested much money on oil and gas industries.(para. 4)Oil prices may even fall because the cash from oil is very necessary to producers and demand growth is adjusted by supply growth, which depends on technology.Part II (para.5 to para.12)With the increasing of measured oil reserves and the development of technology, oil price is unlikely to rise.(para. 5)Highly advanced technology has reduced the costs of oil industry.(para. 6)It's hard for nations to raise oil prices, even if the OPEC can't do it either.(para. 7)With the demand for oil increasing, the supply of it is rising as well.(para. 8~10)The proven reserves of oil are measured than ever.(para. 11~12) Experts were predicting that oil prices would fall mainly because of technology.Part III (para.13 to para.16)The falling down of oil prices has good effect on the world economy.(para. 13)It was said that a downside price was very possible to happen.(para. 14~15)Under lower oil price, the companies profit and the world economy is accelerated. (para. 16) Companies play different roles in economic world.Should we worry about the oil price?What is the main reason for oil price to fall?Is Rainwater's high-price theory right?What influences oil industry profits most?How will lower oil price influence the world economy?Suggested SummaryThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.Part I (para.1 to para.4)This part serves as an introduction of the topic. Using the game of musical chairs as an example, the author wants to show that competition exists not only in our work but also in our recreation which he believes does not necessarily require competition.Part II (para.5 to para.9)Taking the case of Terry Orlick and others who have devised or collected many non-competitive games, the author shows the significance of turning an opponent into a partner, the differences between teamwork and team competition and that non-competitive sports can also provide satisfaction and challenge.Part III (para.10 to para.13)The reasons why a large number of people insist that we can't do without win / lose activities.Part IV (para.14 to para.15)The real problem is competition. To solve the problem, we need to be teaching our children how to have a good time or enjoy themselves without competition.What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?What's the significance of changing an "opponent" into a "partner"?What's the difference between teamwork and team competition?What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities?What is the real problem?Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Part I (para.1)Genghis Khan was one of the outstanding examples of men to seek sex and power.Part II (para.2 to para.7)The writer makes a biological explanation of men's striving for status, which is developed by citing points from scientists / experts / researchers of various specialities and by the author's own comments.(para. 2)Biologically, status seeking is a design feature of the male psyche.(para. 3)Males have a strong desire for status throughout their life and keep friends of the same sex at arm's length.(para. 4)Researches in other fields confirm the biologically endowed one-upmanship by the same ubiquitous pattern in both humans and different species of animals.(para. 5)Evolutionists believe that male status seeking results from the race of reproduction under the rule of natural selection.(para. 6)Women still favor males with high rank / status.(para. 7)Males with low status suffer a great deal psychologically and physically.Part III (para.8 to para.9)Despite the persistent one-upmanship, both biologists and psychologists point out that the world with social stratifications could be peaceful, just and happy.(para. 8)People have different choices for uneven distribution of resources and alternative ideas about high rank.(para. 9)To pursue status is man's nature, but the abuse of power may lead to a total loss.Are males persistent status seekers?What's the biological explanation for male's pursuit of dominance?What are the problems for those with low status?How do modern men cope with a stratified society?Suggested SummaryBy citing the example of Genghis Khan, the writer states that males are persistent status seekers. The drive for sex and power is biologically rooted in male's nervous system, so that males are more competitive than females at any age and in all societies. But the evolutionists believe that natural selection pushes males to strive for dominance. The writer also points out that powerlessness usually leads to both psychological and physical problems for men as well as male animals. However, men are not so much anguished over the hierarchies. They tend to settle down to a certain stratified society and look for other satisfactions. The writer finally warns that power cannot be abused and dominance must be balanced by consent.Part I (para.1 to para.3)Introduction: Misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debts. However, being in debt is no longer a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Therefore, credit cards are popular, which makes America home to the highly leveraged citizen.Part II (para.4 to para.19)Body: Why being in debt is so popular?A. (para. 4～6) Consumers pursue the annual rite of the holiday spending binge.B. (para. 7～9) People don't have to worry about debt because banks are now relentless marketers of debt so that even bankruptcy doesn't stop the solicitations from lenders.C. (para. 10) Debt anesthetizes the purchasing process and makes people into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe, which is not smart .D. (para.11～19) Debt is no longer the stigma it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Things have been changing ever since the 1950s and Americans were primed to take a new look at debt—all they needed were credit cards and a nudge from those burgeoning inflation rates.Part III (para.20 to para.22)Conclusion and solution to the problems of credit cards.A. The consumer debt spigot has been wide open and some borrowers are beginning to tread water , despite the robust economy.B. Maybe a sharp downturn in economy is needed to make people think it wise to lighten their debt loans and rid themselves of personal debt.What facts about credit card debt are mentioned in the text?What are the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt?What problems of credit card debt are mentioned in the text?What does the author suggest doing to solve the problems of credit cards?Suggested SummaryBy citing the film It's a Wonderful Life, the writer introduces the topic and the thesis statement: misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debt. However, being in debt is no longer a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Then the author explains the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt: Consumers are involved in the annual rite of the holiday spending binge; People don't have to worry about debt because banks are now relentlessly encouraging the use of credit cards so that even bankruptcy doesn't stop the borrowing of money from banks; Debt makes people unconscious of the purchasing process and makes them into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe; Americans are ready to take a new look at debt: debt is no longer something to be ashamed of as it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Lastly the author points out that several credit card companies have taken a financial beating because of the sharply rising charge-offs for bad credit card debt. The solution to the problem is to make consumers think it wise to lighten their debt loads and try to rid themselves of personal debt.1. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2. How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5. What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.1.Only twenty-seven new members had been ____________ since the Leeds Congress, and the total membership still stood at less than one hundred. (B)A. cededB. enrolledC. fadedD. departed2.You could go for advertising ____________, the catchy floor displays or the flashy packaging. (C)A. designB. descriptionC. hypeD. propaganda3.The desk was ____________ with files, but the chair behind it was vacant. (A)A. clutteredB. depictedC. definedD. represented4.____________ is a meal typically eaten late in the morning as a combination of a late breakfast and an early lunch. (B)A. DinnerB. BrunchC. BanquetD. Feast5.The improvement of the highway will ____________ pressure on the trains to some extent. (B)A. ensureB. relieveC. protectD. guarantee6.John's hands were ____________ as he put down his papers and started his speech at the first time. (A)A. quiveringB. wavingC. shakingD. lifting7.His mood was an explosive mixture of ____________ self-pity and forced gaiety, the latter predominating as he got drunk. (A)A. maudlinB. nastyC. painfulD. outright8.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to ____________ revenue by limiting commerce. (C)A. disregardB. challengeC. diminishD. reject9.In women's magazines and educational material the apple ____________ good food and health.(B)A. anticipatesB. conjuresC. designatesD. presupposes10.It is the opinion of a(n) ____________ tourist that no price would be too great to pay, the novelist declared. (D)A. affectionateB. sensitiveC. appropriateD. sentimental1.According to the opinion poll, the Socialists were predominant in the last parliament. (D)A. frequentB. prematureC. subordinateD. dominant2.He exerted himself, during his sojourn among this simple and well-disposed people, to inculcate, as far as he was able, the gentle and humanizing precepts of the Christian faith. (B)A. instructB. infuseC. persuadeD. install3.A domestic unit consists of the members of a household who live together along with non-relatives such as servants. (A)A. familyB. applianceC. fosterageD. house4.It was clear that a man after seventeen years of wedlock did not leave his wife without certain occurrences which must have led her to suspect that all was not well with their married life. (B) A. divorce B. marriage C. endogamy D. legitimation5.Several common reasons that lead couples to decide to cohabit: wanting to test compatibility or establish financial security before marrying. (A)A. live togetherB. inhabit withC. split upD. separate with6.The studies show that most delinquent boys have a non-conventional orientated self-concept, while other boys who are not involved in the peer group, have a school orientated self-concept.(C)A. responsibleB. hospitableC. offensiveD. obedient7.They are a fierce and intractable people, though capable of forming most devoted friendships when their confidence has once been gained. (C)A. braveryB. stubbornC. unmanageableD. manipulable8."Your religion," says he, "serves you only for an excuse for your faults, but is no incentive to your virtue." (B)A. schemeB. inducementC. strategyD. indulgence9.The real estate investors have tempered to meet the investor's needs. (A)A. adjustedB. decreasedC. unitedD. overcharged10.To penalize a yacht in proportion to the fineness of her performance is unfair to the craft and to her men. (D)A. sueB. imposeC. arrestD. punishU21. Why won't oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2. Why can't the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.1.In the first year of peace, Lebanon's GDP soared by almost 40%. (C)A. flewB. hoveredC. increasedD. decreased2.SAIC's previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention. (D)A. conflictsB. strugglesC. skatesD. arguments3.The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd. (C)A. seizedB. snappedC. snatchedD. sneaked4.Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. (A)A. got onB. chargedC. offered jobsD. provided welfare5.The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time. (D)A. calculateB. rateC. considerD. decide6.His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at David Sylvester. (A)A. laughB. ridiculeC. derideD. taunt7.Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. (A)A. unprotectedB. sensibleC. susceptibleD. harmful8.Short of the President himself, probably no one could have put the American case more persuasively. (B)A. Rather thanB. Other thanC. Less thanD. Short for1.It snakes in and out of ports, along our busiest highways and through our most crowded cities.(D)A. sneaksB. jerksC. crawlsD. travels2.She adjusted her glasses and peered at the man. (B)A. gapedB. gazedC. glaredD. ogle3.Southeast winds nudged the oil slick onto the shore. (A)A. pushedB. pokedC. promptedD. prodded4.My horse had been tethered to a post, but somehow it escaped. (B)A. corralledB. tiedC. ridD. confined5.The bridge is built to withstand an earthquake of 8.3 magnitude. (C)A. standB. persistC. resistD. consist6.An evaporation system is used to dissipate heat from the sun and protect the shuttle's electronics. (D)A. squanderB. wasteC. accumulateD. disperse7.Narcissus was a young man who spurned the nymph Echo and became enamoured of his own reflection. (A)A. refusedB. scornedC. affectedD. restrained8.This disparity in social attitudes is certainly reflected in the ambivalent feelings held by retired people. (C)A. ambiguousB. introvertC. conflictingD. elusivemercial sauerkraut is very salty so there is no additional salt in the recipe. (D)A. receiptB. prescriptionC. menuD. formula10.Retail sales of the quintessential red meats are plummeting, whilst vegetarianism has becomea fashionable norm. (B)A. ascendingB. decreasingC. declinedD. weakeningU71. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a time limit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative. Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.1.She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. (C)A. got outB. taking awayC. got rid ofD. driving away2.One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B)A. usefulB. spitefulC. harmlessD. cheerful3.They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly. (A)A. characterizeB. confineC. fixD. limit4.Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A)A. troublingB. followingC. complainingD. accompanying5.Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C)A. evilB. not productiveC. unfavorableD. hurting6.For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding. (B)A. praisedB. felt maliciously satisfied withC. felt sorry forD. expressed great pleasure of7.In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D)A. goodB. suitableC. fitD. favorable8.It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy. (C)A. state of movementB. political forceC. competing or conflicting systemD. social system9.Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)A. ovreallB. directC. obscureD. ambiguous10.My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone.(C)A. graveB. sorrowfulC. uglyD. pitiful1.To put a kid like Delia in eight-hour isolation for accepting a cigarette from a friend is bizarre and outrageous. (B)A. ridiculousB. violentC. troublesomeD. controversial2.Depression remains one of the most prevalent health disorders in the US. (A)A. commonB. seriousC. evidentD. urgent3.The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors. (C)A. marginB. fringeC. advantageD. progression4.He's managed to create a niche for himself in local politics. (B)A. secret cornerB. right positionC. easy stageD. impressive circumstance5.There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women. (C)A. respectiveB. hiddenC. essentialD. particular6.She addressed her young guest with civilities suitable for a personage of advanced years and uncertain appetite. (D)A. educationB. conductC. modestyD. politeness7.That cannot be promised here, though a holistic perspective is taken on literary stylistics in addressing science fiction. (C)A. fragmentalB. criticalC. overallD. insightful8.Many observers suggest that this transfer has had mainly adverse effects on the population concerned. (D)A. insupportableB. horribleC. advancedD. unfavorable9.Instead, justice is a commodity designed by a hierarchy of judges still dedicated to the interests of Power. (B)A. attributedB. devotedC. attachedD. spent10.The university suspended the club for two years, during which it could not hold social or athletic activities. (A)A. stoppedB. hungC. hamstrungD. controlledU101. What is the writer's attitude in the sentence "The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health"? (para. 2)The author takes a negative attitude. Usually, the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.2. How do you understand the sentence "If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn"? (para. 4)If the relentless one-upmanship were only limited within very few sample groups, it would be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception.3. In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship?Anthropologists point out that the same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.4. What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless?Men who achieve high status enjoy more sex with more partners wheresas men who are just unemployed may lose their marriages as well as self-esteem.5. In which ways are modern men the same as, and also different from Genghis Khan?Modern men are the same as Genghis Khan in that they all strive for high status, but different in that modern men tend to rule by consent and try to avoid fighting.6. Do males always have to fight for power? Why or why not?Not necessarily, for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consent and try to avoid fighting.1.The man amassed a great fortune during the war, but later lost all of it almost overnight. (A)A. collectedB. obtainedC. madeD. got2.Ten federal researchers were listed as contributors, but seven of them quickly disavowed any。
新世纪研究生英语课后题答案
新世纪研究生英语课后题答案翻译：邀请名人做广告，只要商品确实货真价实，名人又愿意，这应该是广告技巧的上策，会产生很强的名人效应。
但是货品质量差，广告又言过其实，又请名人做广告，这种广告一时也许会产生一些好的影响，但最终是砸了自己的牌子，也坍了名人的台，影响了名人的信誉。
因此，名人在接受广告要慎之又慎。
To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.当今都市比较高贵的居住区中有群被人们称作单身贵族的人，他们通常是有些技术的专业人员，既年轻、富有，又选择自己的生活方式。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b原文翻译unit-10
Unit 10 Is Science Dangerous? Uite10课文译文科学危险吗？Lewis Wolpert 刘易斯·沃尔珀特Does society need protecting from scientific advances? Most emphatically not, so long as scientists themselves and their employers are committed to full disclosure of what they know.人类社会需要保护以抵挡科学发展带来的危险吗？当然不需要，只要科学家及其雇主们致力于公开他们所知道的一切详情。
1. The idea that knowledge is dangerous is deeply embedded in our culture. Adam and Eve were forbidden to eat from the biblical Tree of Knowledge, and in Milton’s Paradise Lost the ser pent addresses the Tree as the ―Mother of Science‖. The archangel Raphael advises Adam to be ―lowly wise‖when he tries to question him about the nature of the Universe. Indeed, Western literature is filled with images of scientists meddling with nature, with disastrous results. Scientists are portrayed as a soulless group, unconcerned with ethical issues.1．知识是危险的这一观念在我们的文化中根深蒂固。
新世纪研究生英语教程综合英语第五版答案
U1 Free Falling1.What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2.How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3.How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4.How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5.What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.U6 The myth of the paperless office1. What are the disadvantages of paper according to the author?Paper takes up precious space, can be in only one place at a time, is extremely hard to index or search through, and lacks all the interactivity and linking ability of hypertext.2. What are the major categories of files in an office?In the office, files can be mainly classified into hot files, documents to be acted on immediately; warm files, still active but of less urgency and cold files, docements that don’t need im mediate attention.3. Why is it unpleasant to read something on a computer screen?Because there are such annoyances as the relatively fuzzy type, glare, the need to scroll repeatedly, the screen’s relatively fixed position and so forth.4. What are the essential problems in using computers in polices departments?First, the police found they spent so much time dealing with the computer interface that they fell short in listening and talking to victims, an essential activity both for offering comfort and for picking up subtle clues to what exactly had happened. Second, the goal of prompt reporting was compromised by the fact that police kept revising their reports after filing them.5. What are the reasons for people’s chimera of going paperless according to the author? Firstly, people who can profit from the idea keep selling it to us. Secondly, all technologies come down to our trying to get what we want, what we desire. And much of what we desire comes down to taking control of ourlives, doing what we please without being overwhelmed by what we don’t please.6.Why cannot computers replace paper in an office?First, paper has some hidden advantages over computers especially in the following three aspects—reading, writing and personal satisfaction in delivery. Furthermore, computers can’treplace paper completely in some activities such as air-traffic control and writing up police reports.U7 Competition is destructive1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons r elationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for eve ryone to work with their partners against a time limit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the fie ld is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative. Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself thatis to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.U10 Why we strive for status1. What is the writer's attitude in the sentence "The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health"? (para. 2)The author takes a negative attitude. Usually, the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.2. How do you understand the sentence "If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn"? (para. 4)If the relentless one-upmanship were only limited within very few sample groups, it would be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception.3. In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship?Anthropologists point out that the same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.4. What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless?Men who achieve high status enjoy more sex with more partners wheresas men who are just une mployed may lose their marriages as well as self-esteem.5. In which ways are modern men the same as, and also different from Genghis Khan?Modern men are the same as Genghis Khan in that they all strive for high status, but different in t hat modern men tend to rule by consent and try to avoid fighting.6. Do males always have to fight for power? Why or why not?Not necessarily, for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consent and try to avoi d fighting.U13 Giving credit where debt is due1. How many credit cards does the average American have?4.2. What is a "sub-prime" borrower?People who have a bad credit history.3. What were the spending habits of people in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? People regarded debt in a very negative way. They always tried to pay off their debts in a timely manner.4. How has credit card spending changed in the United States since the 1960s?In the 1960s most borrowers paid off their credit card balances monthly. Since then, many people have amassed credit card debt.1.Only twenty-seven new members had been ____________ since the Leeds Congress, and the t otal membership still stood at less than one hundred. (B) B. enrolled2.You could go for advertising ____________, the catchy floor displays or the flashy packaging. (C)C. hype3.The desk was ____________ with files, but the chair behind it was vacant. (A) A. cluttered4.____________ is a meal typically eaten late in the morning as a combination of a late breakfast and an early lunch. (B) B. Brunch5.The improvement of the highway will _________pressure on the trains to some extent. (B)B. relieve6.John's hands were ____________ as he put down his papers and started his speech at the first t ime. (A) A. quivering7.His mood was an explosive mixture of ____________ self-pity and forced gaiety, the latter pred ominating as he got drunk. (A) A. maudlin8.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to ____________ reven ue by limiting commerce. (C) C. diminish9.In women's magazines and educational material the apple ____________ good food and health . (B) B. conjures10.It is the opinion of a(n) ____________ tourist that no price would be too great to pay, the nov elist declared. (D) D. sentimental1.According to the opinion poll, the Socialists were predominant in the last parliament. (D)D. dominant2.He exerted himself, during his sojourn among this simple and well-disposed people, to inc ulcate, as far as he was able, the gentle and humanizing precepts of the Christian faith. (B)B. infuse3.A domestic unit consists of the members of a household who live together along with non-relat ives such as servants. (A) A. family4.It was clear that a man after seventeen years of wedlock did not leave his wife without certain occurrences which must have led her to suspect that all was not well with their married life. (B)B. marriage5.Several common reasons that lead couples to decide to cohabit: wanting to test compatibility o r establish financial security before marrying. (A) A. live together6.The studies show that most delinquent boys have a non-conventional orientated self-concept, while other boys who are not involved in the peer group, have a school orientated self-concept. ( C) C. offensive7.They are a fierce and intractable people, though capable of forming most devoted friendships w hen their confidence has once been gained. (C) C. unmanageable8."Your religion," says he, "serves you only for an excuse for your faults, but is no incentive to you r virtue." (B) B. inducement9.The real estate investors have tempered to meet the investor's needs. (A) A. adjusted10.To penalize a yacht in proportion to the fineness of her performance is unfair to the craft and t o her men. (D) D. punish1. Advocates of organic foods frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others. (A) A. announce2. If I may venture an opinion, I’d say the plan needs closer examination. (C) C. express3. These photographs capture the essence of working-class life at the turn of the century. (A) A. describe4. There was a preponderance of female teachers in the English department. (B) B. dominance5. Clarence had only a few fuzzy memories of his grandparents. (C) C. obscure6. What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible to duplicate. (B)B. equal7. He’s stopped taking drugs now, but he may revert to taking them again. (C) C. restore8. As often as not, people tend to scream under such circumstances. (D) D. quite often9. What is even more import ant is the fact that the astronauts’ photographs have uncovered many things not evident at close range. (D) D. revealed10. The disposition of the troops on the battlefield is of paramount importance. (A)A. arrangement1. In particular, the relationship is becoming increasingly bedeviled by the issue of anti-missile defence. (C) C. plagued2. The universe offers no such categories or simplifications; only flux and infinite variety. (B) B. change3. The news of the wedding was plastered all over the morning papers. (A) A. covered4. Perhaps you should tweak that line or paragraph that throws the structure off before sending in the report. (C) C. revise5. The daily news stories of the worsening economy unnerved the nation. (A)A. discouraged6. She allowed her steady gaze to flicker from the glass which she had been holding for hours. (C)C. shine unsteadily7. Self-awareness of roles and of the feelings evoked in interpersonal encounters is increasingly critical for the nimble entrepreneur. (B) B. agile8. I have always tried to live by my faith but it’s sometimes unexpectedly difficult to achieve. (C)C. act on9. What we’ve got here is a half-baked proposal that still needs a great deal of work. (D)D. unthoughtful10. For the next four years they defied convention by living as man and wife when they were not.(A) A. tradition1.She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice r aces. (C) C. got rid of2.One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B) B. spiteful3.They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically a nd unquestioningly. (A) A. characterize4.Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing m ore than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A) A. troubling5.Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C) C. unfavorable6.For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in m en than women: balding. (B) B. felt maliciously satisfied with7.In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D) D. favorable8.It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy. (C)C. competing or conflicting system9.Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)B. direct10.My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone . (C) C. ugly1.To put a kid like Delia in eight-hour isolation for accepting a cigarette from a friend is bizarre and outrageous. (B) B. violent2.Depression remains one of the most prevalent health disorders in the US. (A) A. common3.The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors. (C)C. advantage4.He's managed to create a niche for himself in local politics. (B) B. right position5.There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women. (C)C. essential6.She addressed her young guest with civilities suitable for a personage of advanced years and un certain appetite. (D) D. politeness7.That cannot be promised here, though a holistic perspective is taken on literary stylistics in addr essing science fiction. (C) C. overall8.Many observers suggest that this transfer has had mainly adverse effects on the population con cerned. (D) D. unfavorable9.Instead, justice is a commodity designed by a hierarchy of judges still dedicated to the interests of Power. (B) B. devoted10.The university suspended the club for two years, during which it could not hold social or athlet ic activities. (A) A. stopped1.The man amassed a great fortune during the war, but later lost all of it almost overnight.(A)A. c ollected2.Ten federal researchers were listed as contributors, but seven of them quickly disavowed any connection with it. (D) D. denied3.Industrial labour was at last being regulated, water supplies purified, hospitals sanitised and pri sons reformed. (D) D. controlled4.The investment remains beyond reach for many, but the choices today are much broader and m ore viable than 10 years ago. (D) D. feasible5.There is no resolution to this conflict and two sides seem to go to war. (B) B. disagreement6.The small island is now visited by millions of tourists for its natural endowments of white sandybeaches and clean water. (C) C. gifts7.Indeed, the logic of commercialism may lead the enterprise to pursue activities at odds with ot her government objectives. (B) B. run after8.First introduced in 1989, Adopt-a-Pet aims to highlight the plight of abandoned animals and enc ourage more responsible pet ownership.(B) B. deserted9.As the King got older, he became convinced that his family were scheming against him. (A)A. pl otting10.The Chinese football team outscored its opponent by two balls. (A) A. overcame1.Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendations to help allev iate debt problems afflicting cattle producers. (A) A. ease2.There was plenty to do on your own doorstep-to look further was a cop-out. (B)B. avoiding responsibility3.Then, too, repeated visits to cultural monuments doubtless palled in time, natural curiosity with ered by sheer surfeit. (C) C. over-doing4.For example, Wilson wanted new recipients to be eligible for aid or only one year, but Democrats wanted two years. (B) B. qualified to be chosen5.It's up to him to show some grit in an uncertain world. (D) D. firm courage6.You can tell me if there's anything that's worrying you or getting you down. (C)C. making you depressed7.Farmers still have the problem of overcoming the stigma which all too often young people attach to working on the land. (A) A. deep feeling of losing face8.At decision-making time these consequences are simply left unmentioned, allowing organizatio nal leaders to feign surprise when qualitative costs finally assert themselves. (A)A. give a false appearance of9.Anything less than this is a measure of the extent to which the research falls short of scientific s tandards. (B) B.is less than10.The second was that its atoms of uranium were transmuting themselves into atoms of a differ ent element whose atomic mass was lower. (D) D. changing themselves completely1.For these the primary schools provided a gentle haven before they transferred to the local seco ndary modern school. (D) D. sanctuary2.It also makes specialty parts and accessories, which can be used to spruce up the performance and appearance of existing automobiles. (B) B. smarten up3.I knew that faking the tears would make her get a sense of gratification and end the punishmen t, but I refused. (A) A. satisfaction4.The stigma may not result from associating her language with ignorance, but the unkindness is j ust as real. (C) C. disgrace5.Her eyebrow had received the blow from the torch and had begun to throb; she could feel a tr ickle of blood. (B) B. movement6.You should not tell your client to expect that they will automatically experience an aversion resp onse to the imagery of drinking. (D) D. antipathy7.Some economists are now predicting the danger of runaway inflation and they see it as a force that human can no longer control. (C) C. uncontrolled8.Anyone who studied at the college joined an elite band of well-connected lawyers, doctors and businessmen. (A) A. excellent9.Liz had a more robust notion of the self, and took another line on the individual's place in the st ructure. (D) D. potent10.His friendship with Fujimori gives him unusual access to a president with a tiny circle of advise rs and a penchant for secrecy. (B) B. preference1.Firstly, we need to ease the problems of cash shortage and credit crunch to maintain a stable ba nking system. (B) B. deficiency2.Wholesale markets for agricultural products shall have transaction regulations. (C)C. dealing3.The board has decided to withhold part of their grant money from certain students. (B)B. reserve4.The remainder of their school time is devoted to music theory, instrumental lessons and practice. (D) D. residue5.We will reimburse the expenses of the advertising for the representative. (A) A. recoup6.Any application for such extension of contract period shall be made six months before the expi ration of the contract. (C) C. termination7.If you work in a company, you usually don't have to go to the tax bureau because your company will deduct it from your salary. (A) A. subtract8.What he said and did involved the bystanders in his dispute with the police. (D)D. disagreement9.You are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe. (C) C. lodge。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B
UNIT ONE Party PoliticsP8 I Comprehension Check1-5 DCDAB 6-10 DDCABP10 Vocabulary StudyI 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCDII 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy 9.murky 10.ticklishIII TranslationP14 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTTB.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTFUNIT TWO The New SinglesP29 I Comprehension Check1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCADP31 Vocabulary StudyI 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-Darwinist7.neoclassical 8. neonatesII 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusionIII TranslationKey to Supplementary Readings(略)UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die?P51 Comprehension Check1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDADP53 V ocabulary StudyI 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount 6.ethical 7.prolonged 8. thorny9.congenital 10.subsequentlyII 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly 9.acquitted 10.frontiersIII TranslationPeople who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.P59 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TTTFTB.1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFTFFC.UNIT FOUR The Cultural Patterning of SpaceP71 Comprehension Check1-5 BABCC 6-9 DDDBP73 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifdII 1.anthropologists 2. Patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial 9.florist’s 10.ArchitectureIII TranslationUNIT FIVE Can You Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World?P94 Comprehension Check1-5 BDADB 6-9 AADBP95 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 deigj 6-10 hfabcII 1.provocative 2. notional 3. curb 4.devastating 5. appalling 6.perspective 7. counterpart 8. fray 9.defuse 10.frustratedIII TranslationUNIT SIX The New American DreamersP115 Comprehension Check1-5 DEAAC 6-10 DCDABP117 V ocabulary StudyI outgoing 2.petite 3.emphatically 4.self-possessed 5. quest 6.personable 7. fantasized 8. buy into9.defer 10.caught upII 1.involved 2. committed 3. figure out 4. convinced 5.affluent 6. tied down 7. quest 8. the end of the rainbow 9.therapeutic 10. formulatingIII TranslationP126 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 CCBDD 6-8 AAAB.1-5 FFFTF 6-10 TTTFTUNIT SEVEN A Son’s Restless JourneyP143 Comprehension Check1-5 ABDCB 6-8 DABP144 V ocabulary StudyI 1.carped 2. embodied 3. agonized 4. outright 5. peered 6.mediocre 7. inundated 8. bucked 9. snarling at 10.petered outII 1.obsolete 2.wince 3.grueling 4. whizzed through 5. pretentious 6.squelched 7.mull 8. jaded 9. misgivings 10. sanctuary 11.unfazed 12.posed 13.scoffed 14. misbehavedIII TranslationP150 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 DCCDB 6-10 ABAABB. 1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTTFF 11-15 TTFFFUNIT EIGHT Sex RolesP169 Comprehension Check1-5 DCABA 6-10 CCBADP171 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 jhgab 6-10 idcfeII 1. aggressive 2. stereotyped 3. inhibit 4. masculine 5.disapproval 6.subsistence 7. speculate 8.perceive 9. socialize 10.proneIII TranslationP181 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.B.1-5 TFFTT 6-9 TFTTUNIT NINE Animal EmotionsP193 Comprehension Check1-5 DADCC 6-10 BBACDP195 V ocabulary StudyI 1. parlance 2. stringent 3. ascribed 4. symposium 5. copious 6. aversion to 7. warrant 8. manipulated 9. garnered 10.lingeredII 1. hormones 2. predators 3.elated 4. elicited 5. entail 6. anecdotes 7. controversial 8. legitimize 9. wake 10.dejectedlyIII TranslationP200 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 TTTTF 6-10 FTFFTB.1-5 TFFTT 6-10 FFTFTUNIT TEN Is Science Dangerous?P214 Comprehension Check1-5 BBDAC 6-10 BCADBP216 V ocabulary StudyI 1.standing by 2. conjured up 3. cherishes 4. stick to 5. shoulder 6. siblings 7. came by 8. dressing up 9.tyranny 10. come into playII 1. reverberates 2. appropriate 3. dispassionately 4. emphatically 5. rationed 6. enlightened 7. proscribed 8. blameworthy 9. confidentiality 10. implicationIII TranslationP222 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 TTFFT 6-10 TFTTTB. 1-5 TFFFT 6-10 TFFFT。
研究生英语阅读b答案
研究生英语阅读b答案【篇一：2006年考研英语真题及答案完整解析】class=txt>section i use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1.(10 points)the homeless make up a growing percentage of america’s population. 1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. to help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of americans who are homeless. estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. one of the federal government’s studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. and a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16. boston globe reporter chris reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 edward zlotkowski, director of community service at bentley college in massachusetts, 19 it, “there has to be 20 of programs. what’s needed is a package deal.”1. [a] indeed[b] likewise[c] therefore[d] furthermore2. [a] stand[b] cope[c] approve[d] retain3. [a] in[b] for[c] with[d] toward4. [a] raise[b] add[c] take[d] keep5. [a] generally[b] almost[c] hardly[d] not6. [a] cover[b] change[c] range[d] differ7. [a] now that[b] although[c] provided[d] except that8. [a] inflating[b] expanding[c] increasing[d] extending9. [a] predicts[b] displays[c] proves[d] discovers10. [a] assist[b] track[c] sustain[d] dismiss11. [a] hence[b] but[c] even[d] only12. [a] lodging[b] shelter[c] dwelling[d] house13. [a] searching[b] strolling[c] crowding[d] wandering14. [a] when[b] once[c] while[d] whereas15. [a] life[b] existence[c] survival[d] maintenance16. [a] around[b] over[c] on[d] up17. [a] complex[b] comprehensive[c] complementary[d] compensating18. [a] so[b] since[c] as[d] thus19. [a] puts[b] interprets[c] assumes[d] makes20. [a] supervision[b] manipulation[c] regulation[d] coordinationsection ii reading comprehension part adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing [a], [b], [c], or [d]. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)text 1in spite of “endless talk of difference,” american society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. there is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. people are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, re gardless of class or background. this turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” the mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. writing for the national immigration forum, gregory rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. in 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. in the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.the 1990 census reveal ed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke english ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” the children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in english. “by the third generatio n, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” hence the description of america as a “graveyard” for languages. by 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born americans.foreign-born asians and hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do u.s.-born whites and blacks.” by the third generation, one third of hispanic women are married tonon-hispanics, and 41 percent of asian-american women are married to non-asians.rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like arnold schwarzenegger and garth brooks, yet “some americans fear that immigrants living within the united states remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in america? indeed. it is big enough to have a bit of everything. but particularly when viewed against america’s turbulent past, today’s s ocial indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. the word “homogenizing” (line 2, paragraph 1) most probably means________.【篇二：2001年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书)】part i cloze testdirections：for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked[a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the best one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)the government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases1the trial of rosemary west.in a significant 2of legal controls over the press, lord irvine, the lord chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.in a letter to gerald kaufman, chairman of the house of commons media select committee, lord irvine said he7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9of the letter came two days after lord irvine caused a10of media protest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in european legislation would be left to judges12 to parliament.the lord chancellor said introduction of the human rights bill, which13the european convention on human rights legally14 inbritain, laid down that everybody was15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“press freedoms will be in safe hands16our british judges,” he said. witness payments became an 17 after west was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. concerns were raised19witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to20guilty verdicts.1.［a］as to［b］for instance［c］in particular［d］such as2.［a］tightening ［b］intensifying［c］focusing ［d］fastening3.［a］sketch ［b］rough ［c］preliminary ［d］draft4.［a］illogical ［b］illegal ［c］improbable［d］improper5.［a］publicity ［b］penalty ［c］popularity［d］peculiarity6.［a］since［b］if ［c］before ［d］as7.［a］sided［b］shared［c］complied ［d］agreed8.［a］present ［b］offer ［c］manifest ［d］indicate9.［a］release ［b］publication ［c］printing ［d］exposure10.［a］storm［b］rage ［c］flare ［d］flash11.［a］translation［b］interpretation ［c］exhibition［d］demonstration12.［a］better than ［b］other than ［c］rather than［d］sooner than13.［a］changes［b］makes ［c］sets［d］turns14.［a］binding［b］convincing ［c］restraining ［d］sustaining15.［a］authorized［b］credited ［c］entitled ［d］qualified16.［a］with［b］to ［c］from［d］by17.［a］impact ［b］incident ［c］inference ［d］issue［c］said［d］told19.［a］what［b］when ［c］which ［d］that20.［a］assure ［b］confide ［c］ensure ［d］guaranteepart ii reading comprehensiondirections:each of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each questions there are four answers marked [a], [b], [c] and [d]. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. then mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)passage 1specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. by splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. but specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.no clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. nevertheless, the word “amateur” does ca rry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. the growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. the trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the united kingdom.a comparison of british geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. the overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, firstby national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. as a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. a rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way. although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in british geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. in science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. the growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[aj sociology and chemistry [b] physics and psychology[c] sociology and psychology [d] physics and chemistry22. we can infer from the passage that _______.[a] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[b] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[c] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[d] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. the author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[a] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[b] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[c] the change of policies in scientific publications[d] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. the direct reason for specialisation is _______.[a] the development in communication[b] the growth of professionalisation[c] the expansion of scientific knowledge[d] the splitting up of academic societiespassage 2a great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. and that divide does exist today. mywife and i lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. what was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. there are reasons to be optimistic.there are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. as the internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. more and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread internet access. within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. as a result, i now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. and that is very good news because the internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.of course, the use of the internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. and the internet is not the only tool we have. but it has enormous potential.to take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudiceswith respect to foreign investment. countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the united states. when the united states built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have thecapital to do so. and that is why america’s second wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports andso on-were built with foreign investment. the english, the germans, the dutch and the french were investing in britain’s former colony. they financed them. immigrant americans built them. guess who owns them now? the americans. i believe the same thing would be true in places like brazil or anywhere else for that matter. the more foreign capital you have helping you build your third wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. thatdoesnt mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. but it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the internet.25. digital divide is something _______.[a] getting worse because of the internet[b] the rich countries are responsible for[c] the world must guard against[d] considered positive today26. governments attach importance to the internet because it _______.[a] offers economic potentials[b] can bring foreign funds[c] can soon wipe out world poverty[d] connects people all over the world27. the writer mentioned the case of the united states to justify the policy of_______.[a] providing financial support overseas[b] preventing f oreign capital’s control[c] building industrial infrastructure[d] accepting foreign investment28. it seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[a] how well-developed it is electronically[b] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[c] whether it adopts america’s industrial pattern[d] how much control it has over foreign corporationspassage 3why do so many americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? the american society of newspaper editors is trying to answer this painful question. the organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. but the sources of distrust go way deeper. most journalists learn tosee the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s ev ents. in other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.there exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. in a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. replies show that compared with other americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. the astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. this is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. but it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. if it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. what is the passage mainly about?[a] needs of the readers all over the world.[b] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.【篇三：新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b 课后答案】p class=txt>p8 i comprehension check1-5 dcdab 6-10 ddcabp10 vocabulary studyi 1-5 cbadb 6-10 cdbcdii 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy9.murky 10.ticklishiii translationp14 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 ffftt 6-10 ftfttb.1-5 ftftf 6-10 ftftfunit two the new singlesp29 i comprehension check1-5 bdbdc 6-10 accadp31 vocabulary studyi 1.neo-realist 2.neo-nazis 3.neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-darwinist7.neoclassical 8. neonatesii 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusioniii translationkey to supplementary readings(略)unit three doctor’s dilemma:treat or let die?p51 comprehension check1-5 bccbd 6-10 dcdadp53 vocabulary studyi 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount6.ethical7.prolonged8. thorny9.congenital 10.subsequentlyii 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly9.acquitted 10.frontiersiii translationp59 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ftftf 6-10 tttftb. 1-5 ffttf 6-10 tftffunit four the cultural patterning of spacep71 comprehension check1-5 babcc 6-9 dddbp73 vocabulary studyi 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifdii 1.anthropologists 2. patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial9.florist’s 10.architectureiii translationunit five can you raise a polite kid in this rude world?p94 comprehension check1-5 bdadb 6-9 aadbp95 vocabulary studyi 1-5 deigj 6-10 hfabcii 1.provocative 2. notional 3. curb 4.devastating 5. appalling 6.perspective 7. counterpart 8. fray9.defuse 10.frustratediii translationunit six the new american dreamersp115 comprehension check1-5 deaac 6-10 dcdabp117 vocabulary studyi outgoing 2.petite 3.emphatically 4.self-possessed 5. quest6.personable7. fantasized8. buy into9.defer 10.caught upii 1.involved 2. committed 3. figure out 4. convinced 5.affluent 6. tied down 7. quest 8. the end of the rainbow 9.therapeutic 10. formulatingiii translationp126 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ccbdd 6-8 aaab. 1-5 ffftf 6-10 tttftunit seven a son’s restless journeyp143 comprehension check1-5 abdcb 6-8 dabp144 vocabulary studyi 1.carped 2. embodied 3. agonized 4. outright 5. peered6.mediocre7. inundated8. bucked9. snarling at 10.petered out ii 1.obsolete 2.wince 3.grueling 4. whizzed through 5. pretentious 6.squelched 7.mull 8. jaded 9. misgivings 10. sanctuary 11.unfazed 12.posed 13.scoffed 14. misbehavediii translationp150 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 dccdb 6-10 abaabb. 1-5 ftftf 6-10 fttff 11-15 ttfffunit eight sex rolesp169 comprehension check1-5 dcaba 6-10 ccbadp171 vocabulary studyi 1-5 jhgab 6-10 idcfeii 1. aggressive 2. stereotyped 3. inhibit 4. masculine5.disapproval6.subsistence7. speculate8.perceive 9. socialize 10.proneiii translationp181 key to supplementary readingsa.b.1-5 tfftt 6-9 tfttunit nine animal emotionsp193 comprehension check1-5 dadcc 6-10 bbacdp195 vocabulary studyi 1. parlance 2. stringent 3. ascribed 4. symposium 5. copious6. aversion to7. warrant8. manipulated9. garnered 10.lingered ii 1. hormones 2. predators 3.elated 4. elicited 5. entail 6. anecdotes 7. controversial 8. legitimize 9. wake 10.dejectedly iii translationp200 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ttttf 6-10 ftfftb. 1-5 tfftt 6-10 fftftunit ten is science dangerous?p214 comprehension check1-5 bbdac 6-10 bcadbp216 vocabulary studyi 1.standing by 2. conjured up 3. cherishes 4. stick to 5. shoulder 6. siblings 7. came by 8. dressing up 9.tyranny 10. come into playii 1. reverberates 2. appropriate 3. dispassionately 4. emphatically 5. rationed 6. enlightened 7. proscribed 8. blameworthy 9. confidentiality 10. implicationiii translationp222 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 ttfft 6-10 tftttb. 1-5 tffft 6-10 tffft。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读B单词题-按字母顺序
1. A child must be allowed to enjoy the tactile stage of discovery by playing with mud and sand and water.2. A drought is a long period of time during which no rain falls.3. A good historian must have an academic mind.4. A teacher should not show partiality to one particular student.5.After that vigorous exercise he experienced a pleasant tiredness.6.All the employees had assembled in the hall before the meeting started.7.American culture has been enriched by European immigrants.8.Anxiety can be a major cause of fatigue.9.As a matter of fact, I did not begin work until he had gone.10.At this time of year university admission officers are plagued with inquires from anxious applicants.11.Ben told his mother that his ambition was to become an astronaut in the future.12.Both drivers and pedestrians should be in rigid obedience to traffic regulation.13.Churchill provided dynamic and inspiring leadership when it was most needed.14.Desert nights are often cold because clear skies allow heat to escape into the atmosphere.15.Elizabeth is very extravagant .She goes to restaurants and gets taxis even though she can’t really afford it.16.Fire officers had to use cutting equipment to free his legs, which were trapped under a steel beam.17.Flowering shrubs, trees, or plants are those which are planted mainly for the decorative quality of the flowers that theyproduce.18.For 12 years, we’ve sought to stave off this ultimate threat of disaster.19.Ground floor windows are particularly vulnerable and secure locks should be fitted.20.Having had a good sleep and a substantial meal, he felt thoroughly refreshed.21.He feels completely restored to health after a period of intensive care.22.He felt he did not have to make a commitment the poorly dressed man.23.He worked as an apprentice until he became skillful.24.Her work on finding a cure for cancer has been widely acclaimed by her colleagues in the medical profession.25.His body is muscular because of his hard physical work.26.His father never had a(n) aspiration for the job of managing director, and was very surprised when it was offered tohim.27.I have been reflecting on the likely consequences of their course of action.28.I might actually venture into advertising if I had enough money.29.I ventured to suggest that he might have made a mistake.30.Ian drove up Park Boulevard and headed out of town, accelerating rapidly.31.It is dishonorable to shirk military service.32.It soon became apparent that Colin was the guru of the whole department.33.It’s no use just telling me to do it; give me some positive advice as to how to do it.34.Jack enjoys playing rock music, as playing rock music is a good outlet for his energy.35.Jack spoke to his boss meekly because he was late again for the work.36.Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents.37.Mary has been exalted to the position of personnel manager due to her hard work.38.Most universities will enroll new students the first week in September.39.My son used to feel secure holding his old blanket.40.On a clear day we can distinguish the letters on the airliners as they take off.41. Physical fatigue is the result of heavy manual labor and exhausting work.42.Prolonged fatigue might be symptomatic of an underlying disease like cancer or diabetes.43.Psychological tiredness is usually precipitated by emotional problems and conflicts.44.Real enthusiast are willing to pay up to $12,000 for an original copy of this book.45.Rural communities are usually more uniform in their child-rearing methods, while in the town there is more variety.46.She is psychologically a very healthy person.47.She may not be a great violinist yet but she has potential.48.Slowly the flood waters sank and life got back to normal.49.Some fatigue has pathological causes.50.Some language educators have written some books and papers on the relationship between first language acquisitionand second language learning.51.The accumulation of metabolic waste products in your blood is the result of overworking your muscles.52.The British government publicly advocated a policy of non-cooperation with European fishing fleets.53.The captured solider faced up gallantly to the Nazi enemy and said that he would never betray his motherland.54.The Central Bank attempted to dispel rumors of possible financial crisis.55.The company downsized its personnel in response to a poor economy.56.The delegation was cordially welcomed by the local government.57.The Finance Minister will open a new budget in April.58.The foundation on which many ancient types of society were built was the use of slaves.59.The government is implementing its policy of helping the unemployed.60.The guard ascertained that there was nobody in the room.61.The news came from a well-informed man.62.The poem handles the problem of instinct versus intellect in man.63.The politician made a speech full of obscure political jokes and many people fell asleep during his speech.64.The porters are busy discharging the cargo from the ship onto the dock.65.The small holes on the surface of plants or in the skin of people and animals are called pores.66.The tune was recognized as the one in the musical The Fiddler on the Roof.67.The valleys are so fertile that three crops a year can grow.68.There is a great diversity of exercise you can do to deal with fatigue.69.There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.70.These small and gradual physical changes are vitally important t he child’s development.71.They insist that the right to live should take priority over all other considerations.72.They won’t let any foreign power inflict any further blows on their national pride.73.This is half the average monthly rainfall of London’s Kew Gardens.74.This stamp is unique; all others like it have been lost or destroyed.75.We have all the problems attendant upon starting a new business.76.We have calculated the probable yield from this investment at around 17%.77.We used to graze the sheep on the fields where the corn is grown.78.We were traveling through bandit country, but the king had guaranteed our safety.79.When the truth emerged about her husband being in prison, the neighbors shunned her and talked about her behind herback.80.When you are asked to fill out an application form, you are often requite to write your permanent address.81.When you go for a job interview, it’s important to find out what the panel’s criteria are.82.Would such legislation jeopardize chances for a treaty?83.You look quite busy now. I hope I am not intruding.84.Your spine is the row of bones down your back that supports your body and that has your spinal cord inside it.•不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但它却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B_课文原文及翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译Unit1Party PoliticsJudith Martin1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working dayof their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn thisinto holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment.2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyoneor being kind to wallflowers because there really aren?t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody?s feelings need be considered.3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time,and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely.5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paidfor their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long.6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules.7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise.8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette?s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and startsdelivering practiced words about the contribution he makes to their great enterprise. The reactionis not quite what was hoped for. Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee?s guest.and, as a matterHe doesn?t work for the company, recognize the boss, or appreciate the attention—of fact, has only a passing acquaintance with the employee who issued the invitation. What thisguest wants is not professional fellowship but a fresh drink, if the boss would kindly step out ofthe way.10. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. Last year, unmarried employees were furiouswhen their partners were not included, and married employees complained that the forms bywhich their spouses were addressed were offensive: “Mrs.” offended women who preferred “and wives who had the same surnames outraged everybody who didn?t. This year, the complaintswill be from spouses who were not told that there was a party or who were told that spousescomplaints. They will, however,weren?t invited—but found out otherwise. There won?t be manybe memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.11. Meanwhile, what about those who are interested in promoting a bit of immorality, or just plainromance, of their own? They, too, are creating problems that will reach far into the new year. Trueoffice romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professionaland personal time. More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still countsas sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to alower-ranking employee. And foolhardy when a lower-ranking employee annoys a higher-rankingone.12. Some employees have their minds only on business and will be spending party time activelypromoting workaday concerns. Remembering the company rhetoric about open communicationsand all being in this together, they will actually seek out the boss, who by this time is grateful tobe addressed by anyone at all.13. But they do n?t want to engage in platitudes. They accept compliments with: “Well, then howThey plead for promotions, explain confidentially who ought to be fired, andabout a raise?” advance previously submitted ideas about revolutionizing the business that have beenunaccountably unappreciated for years. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entirehierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being sparedthis kind of importuning.14. Eventually—usually somewhat late in the party—it occurs to someone that this informalsetting is just the time to offer the boss some constructive personal criticism. What else doestalking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any careerconsequence?15. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. “Go ahead,” it has said “relax, have a good time, forget about the job.” And the naive have taken this at face value. This event is called a party—a place where one lets loose without worrying about being judged by thecold standard of professional usefulness.16. Even employees who adhere strictly to standard business dress in the office may not knowwhat the bosses might consider vulgar in evening wear. Here is a chance to show off their racy andimaginative off-duty clothes. But over there are supervisors murmuring that people who look likethat can?t really be sent out to represent the company.17. Worse are the comments on anyone whose idea of fun is a little boisterous. It may be just thebehavior that makes one a delight—or a trial—to one?s friends. But here, it is not being offered forthe delight or tolerance of friends. It is being judged on criteria other than whether the person is ariot.18. It is not that Miss Manners wants to spoil the office party by these warnings. She just wants toprevent it from spoiling careers. And the solution is what was banished from the party for beingtoo inhibiting: etiquette.19. The first formality that must come back is inviting everyone by name. The practice of merelycounting every invitation as two is as dangerous as it is unflattering. But people who have beenclearly identified and told that they must respond—the suggestion must be made neutrally, toshow that the party is a treat, not a requirement—already have some sense that they are both individually sought after and expected to be responsible.20. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employerought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friendthey want to invite. (An office party can be limited by confining it to employees, in which case itshould be held during office hours. But inviting spouses and such is better. Having to work is enough distract ion from one?s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like aguest list, according to personal compatibility.21. Since we have established, Miss Manners hopes, that the point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, what is it? It is showing appreciation of the staff.22. This starts with a well-run receiving line. However much popular opinion may regard receiving lines as nasty ordeals, they were invented to be, and remain, the easiest way to get everyone recognized by the key people. The oldest receiving-line trick in the world still works:Someone whose business it is to know everyone—or someone unimportant enough to be able toask each guest his name—announces the guests to the host as they go through the line. The hostcan then scornfully declare: “Of course I know Annette. We couldn?t run this place without her. For extra charm, the employee?s guest is also told how wonderful that employee is. This alwaysseems more sincere than straight-out flattery, and from then on, whenever the employee complainsthat everyone at the office is an idiot, the spouse will counter by repeating that appreciation.23. It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are usedto: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. Nonsense. What employees want is a taste of high-level entertaining. This may vary greatly according to the nature of the business. If, however, the party is too formal for the employees? taste, they?ll get a good laugh and enjoy the contrast all the more when they continue partying on their own afterward.24. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fieldsin which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinksis not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a privatehost. And the real opportunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing onewho has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charminglyabout nonbusiness matters.25. At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuouslyby the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming. Eventhe dimmest guest will then realize it is appropriate to thank back—that is, to realize that something has been offered and deserves gratitude.26. After all, isn?t that why the office Christmas party is given?27. If the only goal were for the company to show the staff its appreciation, this could be effectively done with a day off and a bonus to go with it.第一单元晚会之道朱迪丝?马丁1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。
研究生英语阅读教程课后答案课课件
• 6.你知道希腊色拉到底是什么 吗？它本身就是一顿饭，也 是一次经历，一种情感。 它 的制作是一个娴熟而高雅的 过程。希腊神话中说：一天 晚上宙斯请中众神来奥林匹 亚 山赴宴时，他亲自创造了 希腊色拉的调制法，并亲手 把山里的各种原料收集混拌 在了一起。
研究生英语阅读教程课后答案课
14
Translation
• 1-5 BBCDA • 6-10 DCDCC • P8 II. Vocabulary
• A. Choose the best word from the four choices given to complete each of the following sentences
• 1-5 BADCB • 6-10DABAC
• 3.work off
4. Deftly
• 5. sternly
6. Desolate
• 7. brusquely 8.mutely
• 9. Make amends 10.derided
研究生英语阅读教程课后答案课
10
Keys to Cloze Lesson 4
• III.Cloze
• 1.successive 2.look down on
研究生英语阅读教程课后答案课
5
• 10 briefed
Key to exercises in Lesson 3
• I.Reading comprehension
• 1-5DACDB • 6-10ABCBA • II.Vocabulary • A. • 1-5 CABDA • 6-10DCBAD
• B.
研究生英语阅读教程课后答案课
2
Exercises P 9-15
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UNIT ONE Party Politics P8 I Comprehension Check 1-5 DCDAB 6-10 DDCAB P10 Vocabulary Study I 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCD II 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy 9.murky 10.ticklish P11III Translation To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial. P13 Key to Supplementary Readings A.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTT B.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTF
UNIT TWO The New Singles P29 I Comprehension Check 1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCAD P31 Vocabulary Study I 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-Darwinist 7.neoclassical 8. neonates II 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusion P32III Translation Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person. Key to Supplementary Readings (略)
UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die? P51 Comprehension Check 1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDAD P53 Vocabulary Study I 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount 6.ethical 7.prolonged 8. thorny 9.congenital 10.subsequently II 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly 9.acquitted 10.frontiers III Translation People who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones. P59 Key to Supplementary Readings A. 1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TTTFT B 1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFTFF
UNIT FOUR The Cultural Patterning of Space P71 Comprehension Check 1-5 BABCC 6-9 DDDB P73 Vocabulary Study I 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifd II 1.anthropologists 2. Patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial 9.florist’s 10.Architecture III Translation As one travels abroad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differrences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us are taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts. 当人们到海外旅游时，如果留心观察外国人如何处理空间关系，就会发现许多令人惊讶的不同之处；而这些不同之处总让我们反应强烈。因为从来没有人教我们要把空间与其它联想区别开来，所以我们常认为空间处理引发的感觉是出于其它的原因。从小到大。人们要学会几千种空间暗示，所有这些暗示在不同的情境中都有不同的含义。
UNIT FIVE Can You Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World? P94 Comprehension Check 1-5 BDADB 6-9 AADB P95 Vocabulary Study I 1-5 deigj 6-10 hfabc II 1.provocative 2. notional 3. curb 4.devastating 5. appalling 6.perspective 7. counterpart 8. fray 9.defuse 10.frustrated III Translation Wealth exposed American manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangders of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality. Boasting, vulgarity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the whole country in the eyes of many