湖南师大附中
2024-2025学年湖南省师大附中高二上学期期中政治试题及答案

湖南师大附中2024——2025 学年度高二第一学期期中考试思想政治时量:75分钟满分:100分得分:第Ⅰ卷 选择题(共48分)一、选择题(在下列四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题意的。
本大题共16小题,每小题3分,共48分)1.哲学史上虽然存在唯物主义和唯心主义、辩证法和形而上学两个对子,但从派别上讲,归根到底只有两大阵营。
下列选项能体现哲学史上“两大阵营”的对立的是①世异则事异,事异则备变----天不变,道亦不变②阴阳和合而万物生长----没有绝对精神就没有世界③水生万物,万物复归于水——人病则忧惧,忧惧则鬼出④世界是一团永恒燃烧的活火----眼开则花明,眼闭则花寂A.①②B.①③C.②③D.②④④新松恨不高千尺,恶竹应须斩万竿A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④3.毛泽东同志对马克思的现实的改变世界的能动性哲学精神之深刻把握,充分体现在《中国革命战争的战略问题》的一段话中:“军事家不能超过物质条件许可的范围外企图战争的胜利,然而军事家可以而且必须在物质条件许可的范围内争取战争的胜利。
”据此,下列推断正确的有①在物质条件许可范围内的战争具有失败的可能性②战争能否取得胜利的关键在于物质条件许可范围③要取得战争胜利需在物质条件范围内遵循利用规律④主观能动性的发挥需要在物质条件许可的范围之内A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④2.下列选项与漫画蕴含哲理相符的是①时人不识凌云木,直待凌云始道高②芳林新叶催陈叶,流水前波让后波③宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来4.《人民日报》载文指出:观棋,心有全局;落子,精细布局。
改革不能“孤军突进”,发展不能“单打独斗”,调控不能“零敲碎打”,安全不能“一失万无”。
上述观点的哲学依据是①整体统率部分,部分服从和服务于整体②系统优化的方法要求着眼于事物的整体③关键部分在一定条件下对整体起决定作用④没有对整体的理解就无法认识和把握部分A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④5.习近平总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上,代表党和人民庄严宣告,经过全党全国各族人民持续奋斗,我们实现了第一个百年奋斗目标,在中华大地上全面建成了小康社会,历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题。
2024-2025学年湖南省师大附中高二上学期期中生物试题及答案

湖南师大附中2024-2025学年度高二第一学期期中考试生物学时量:75分钟满分:100分得分:一、单项选择题(本题共12小题,每小题2分,共24分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
)1.癌胚抗原因只在癌组织和胚胎组织中表达而得名,是一种广谱肿瘤标志物。
下列关于癌细胞和癌胚抗原的说法,正确的是()A.癌细胞具有染色质收缩、核膜内陷等特点B.癌细胞表面的糖蛋白增加,容易在体内分散和转移C.癌胚抗原有关基因只存在于癌细胞中,正常细胞没有D.癌胚抗原可被细胞毒性T细胞识别,并使癌细胞被攻击2.某研究小组进行了温度、酶解时间对纤维素酶解液中还原糖含量影响的实验,结果如下图。
下列叙述错误的是()A.该酶的最适温度在45~55℃之间B.酶解时间大于5h时,还原糖增速减缓主要是由于纤维素酶量的限制C.温度对还原糖含量的影响实验,先将底物和酶分装控制温度,再混合D.根据图中实验结果,不能说明酶具有高效性3.甲、乙是某雌性动物(基因型为AaBb)体内不同细胞处于不同时期的分裂示意图(图中显示部分染色体及基因分布),下列相关叙述正确的是()A.图甲中发生了同源染色体上非姐妹染色单体之间的互换B.图甲中同源染色体的对数是图乙中同源染色体对数的两倍C.图乙细胞分裂结束后将得到两个基因型不同的极体D.图乙中同源染色体分离从而实现了等位基因A和a的分离4.在原核细胞的mRNA上,核糖体结合位点(RBS)的碱基序列通常为5′—AGGAGG—3',该序列可与核糖体小亚基中的rRNA互补,从而实现核糖体在mRNA上的定位。
PrfA是某细菌转录因子,由PrfA基因控制合成。
下列说法错误的是()A.核糖体小亚基中的rRNA中存在5′—UCCUCC—3'序列B.发生在RBS中的碱基突变可能降低PrfA蛋白的合成效率C.低于30℃时,mRNA中的局部双链螺旋结构掩盖了RBSD.该细菌由低温环境侵入人体后,PrfA蛋白的合成加快5.脑脊液是一种无色透明的液体。
2024届湖南省长沙市湖南师大附中教育集团重点中学中考一模数学试题含解析

2024学年湖南省长沙市湖南师大附中教育集团重点中学中考一模数学试题请考生注意:1.请用2B 铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上,请用0.5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2.答题前,认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》,按规定答题。
一、选择题(每小题只有一个正确答案,每小题3分,满分30分)1.一元二次方程210x x --=的根的情况是( )A .有两个不相等的实数根B .有两个相等的实数根C .没有实数根D .无法判断 2.在代数式3m m - 中,m 的取值范围是( ) A .m≤3 B .m≠0 C .m≥3 D .m≤3且m≠03.如图,四边形ABCD 内接于⊙O ,若∠B =130°,则∠AOC 的大小是( )A .130°B .120°C .110°D .100°4.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,⊙P 的圆心坐标是(3,a )(a >3),半径为3,函数y =x 的图象被⊙P 截得的弦AB 的长为42,则a 的值是( )A .4B .3+2C .32D .33+5.下列各式计算正确的是( )A .2223a a +=B .()236b b -=-C .235c c c ⋅=D .()222m n m n -=- 6.如图是二次函数图象的一部分,其对称轴为x=﹣1,且过点(﹣3,0).下列说法:①abc <0;②1a ﹣b=0;③4a+1b+c <0;④若(﹣5,y 1),(,y 1)是抛物线上两点,则y 1>y 1.其中说法正确的是( )A .①②B .②③C .①②④D .②③④7.如图1是一座立交桥的示意图(道路宽度忽略不计),A 为人口,F ,G 为出口,其中直行道为AB ,CG ,EF ,且AB =CG =EF ;弯道为以点O 为圆心的一段弧,且BC ,CD ,DE 所对的圆心角均为90°.甲、乙两车由A 口同时驶入立交桥,均以10m/s 的速度行驶,从不同出口驶出,其间两车到点O 的距离y (m )与时间x (s )的对应关系如图2所示.结合题目信息,下列说法错误的是( )A .甲车在立交桥上共行驶8sB .从F 口出比从G 口出多行驶40mC .甲车从F 口出,乙车从G 口出D .立交桥总长为150m8.如果关于x 的一元二次方程k 2x 2-(2k+1)x+1=0有两个不相等的实数根,那么k 的取值范围是( )A .k>-14 B .k>-14且0k ≠ C .k<-14 D .k ≥-14且0k ≠ 9.若关于x 的一元二次方程x(x+1)+ax=0有两个相等的实数根,则实数a 的值为( ) A .1- B .1 C .22-或 D .31-或10.若x =-2 是关于x 的一元二次方程x 2-52ax +a 2=0的一个根,则a 的值为( ) A .1或4 B .-1或-4 C .-1或4D .1或-4 二、填空题(共7小题,每小题3分,满分21分)11.大自然是美的设计师,即使是一片小小的树叶,也蕴含着“黄金分割”,如图,P 为AB 的黄金分割点(AP>PB ),如果AB 的长度为10cm ,那么PB 的长度为__________cm .12.计算:112a a -=________. 13.阅读材料:设a =(x 1,y 1),b =(x 2,y 2),如果a ∥b ,则x 1•y 2=x 2•y 1.根据该材料填空:已知a =(2,3),b =(4,m ),且a ∥b ,则m=_____.14.20-114+-3-2014-4+6⨯()()=________15.如图,两个三角形相似,AD=2,AE=3,EC=1,则BD=_____.16.因式分解:mn (n ﹣m )﹣n (m ﹣n )=_____.17.函数y =1x +的自变量x 的取值范围为____________.三、解答题(共7小题,满分69分)18.(10分)如图,AB 是⊙O 的直径,点C 是AB 延长线上的点,CD 与⊙O 相切于点D ,连结BD 、AD .求证;∠BDC =∠A .若∠C =45°,⊙O 的半径为1,直接写出AC 的长.19.(5分)用你发现的规律解答下列问题.111122=-⨯ 1112323=-⨯ 1113434=-⨯ ┅┅计算111111223344556++++=⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯ .探究1111......122334(1)n n ++++=⨯⨯⨯+ .(用含有n 的式子表示)若1111......133557(21)(21)n n ++++⨯⨯⨯-+的值为1735,求n 的值. 20.(8分)规定:不相交的两个函数图象在竖直方向上的最短距离为这两个函数的“亲近距离”(1)求抛物线y =x 2﹣2x +3与x 轴的“亲近距离”;(2)在探究问题:求抛物线y =x 2﹣2x +3与直线y =x ﹣1的“亲近距离”的过程中,有人提出:过抛物线的顶点向x 轴作垂线与直线相交,则该问题的“亲近距离”一定是抛物线顶点与交点之间的距离,你同意他的看法吗?请说明理由. (3)若抛物线y =x 2﹣2x +3与抛物线y =214x +c 的“亲近距离”为23,求c 的值. 21.(10分)如图,在矩形ABCD 中,AD =4,点E 在边AD 上,连接CE ,以CE 为边向右上方作正方形CEFG ,作FH ⊥AD ,垂足为H ,连接AF.(1)求证:FH =ED ;(2)当AE 为何值时,△AEF 的面积最大?22.(10分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,直线y 1=2x ﹣2与双曲线y 2=k x交于A 、C 两点,AB ⊥OA 交x 轴于点B ,且OA=AB .(1)求双曲线的解析式;(2)求点C 的坐标,并直接写出y 1<y 2时x 的取值范围.23.(12分)有一个n 位自然数...abcd gh 能被x 0整除,依次轮换个位数字得到的新数bcd...gha 能被x 0+1整除,再依次轮换个位数字得到的新数cd...ghab 能被x 0+2整除,按此规律轮换后,d...ghabc 能被x 0+3整除,…,...habc g 能被x 0+n ﹣1整除,则称这个n 位数a ...bcd gh 是x 0的一个“轮换数”.例如:60能被5整除,06能被6整除,则称两位数60是5的一个“轮换数”;再如:324能被2整除,243能被3整除,432能被4整除,则称三位数324是2个一个“轮换数”. (1)若一个两位自然数的个位数字是十位数字的2倍,求证这个两位自然数一定是“轮换数”. (2)若三位自然数abc 是3的一个“轮换数”,其中a=2,求这个三位自然数abc .24.(14分)如图,一次函数y 1=﹣x ﹣1的图象与x 轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,与反比例函数2k y x=图象的一个交点为M (﹣2,m ).(1)求反比例函数的解析式;(2)求点B 到直线OM 的距离.参考答案一、选择题(每小题只有一个正确答案,每小题3分,满分30分)1、A【解题分析】把a=1,b=-1,c=-1,代入24b ac ∆=-,然后计算∆,最后根据计算结果判断方程根的情况.【题目详解】21,1,14145a b c b ac ==-=-∴∆-=+=∴方程有两个不相等的实数根.故选A.【题目点拨】本题考查根的判别式,把a=1,b=-1,c=-1,代入24b ac ∆=-计算是解题的突破口.2、D【解题分析】根据二次根式有意义的条件即可求出答案.【题目详解】由题意可知:300m m -≥⎧⎨≠⎩解得:m≤3且m≠0故选D .【题目点拨】本题考查二次根式有意义的条件,解题的关键是熟练运用二次根式有意义的条件,本题属于基础题型. 3、D【解题分析】分析:先根据圆内接四边形的性质得到18050D B ∠=︒-∠=︒,然后根据圆周角定理求AOC ∠. 详解:∵180B D ∠+∠=︒,∴18013050D ∠=︒-︒=︒,∴2100.AOC D ∠=∠=︒故选D.点睛:考查圆内接四边形的性质, 圆周角定理,掌握圆内接四边形的对角互补是解题的关键. 4、B【解题分析】试题解析:作PC ⊥x 轴于C ,交AB 于D ,作PE ⊥AB 于E ,连结PB ,如图,∵⊙P 的圆心坐标是(3,a ),∴OC=3,PC=a ,把x=3代入y=x 得y=3,∴D 点坐标为(3,3),∴CD=3,∴△OCD 为等腰直角三角形,∴△PED 也为等腰直角三角形,∵PE ⊥AB ,∴AE=BE=12AB=12×42=22, 在Rt △PBE 中,PB=3,∴PE=223-22=1(),∴PD=2PE=2,∴a=3+2.故选B .考点:1.垂径定理;2.一次函数图象上点的坐标特征;3.勾股定理.5、C【解题分析】解:A .2a 与2不是同类项,不能合并,故本选项错误;B .应为()236b b -=,故本选项错误;C .235·c c c =,正确;D .应为()2222m n m n mn -=+-,故本选项错误.故选C .【题目点拨】本题考查幂的乘方与积的乘方;同底数幂的乘法.6、C【解题分析】∵二次函数的图象的开口向上,∴a >0。
湖南省师大附中炎德 英才大联考高三月考试卷五(语文)

炎德·英才大联考高三月考试卷(五)语文湖南师大附中高三语文备课组组稿命题人:吴彩霞曾文峰杨茜审题人:张迪平时量:150分钟满分:150分一、语言知识及运用(15分,每小题3分)1.下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是A伺.候(sì) 采.邑(cài) 发.卡(fà) 量.体裁衣(liàng)B绿.林(lù) 巷.道(hàng) 翘.楚(qiáo) 天遂.人愿(suí)C地壳.(qiào) 踏.实(tā) 炮烙.(luò) 自怨自艾.(yì)D埋.怨(mán) 拓.本(tuò) 寒舍.(shè) 差.可告慰(chā) l.C/A.伺.候(cì) B.天遂.人愿(suì) D.拓.本(tà)2.下列词语中没有错别字.....的一组是A.精简奸滑申张真知灼见B.证券凋敝神州攻城略地C.寒暄构陷新颖出奇制胜D.修葺涣散阔绰激流勇退2.B/A.伸张 C.新颖 D.急流勇退3.下列各句中,加点的成语使用不恰当...的一句是A.几个月来,报纸上不少语焉不详....却耸人听闻的报道刺激了人们的想象,集体的无意识的猜测则让经济恐慌大行其道,但是究竟严重到何种程度却无人深究。
B.生命教育必须贯穿教育的始终,让学生不但有崇高的生命意识,而且有应急救险的技能,灾难突发时,他们才能从容应对,而不至于惊慌失措、走投无路....。
C.《梅飞色舞》一书中,陈凯歌讲述了三年来拍摄《梅兰芳》走过的心路历程,展示了自己创作《梅兰芳》的初衷,对老北京、旧时代的掌故也能信手拈来....。
D.海峡两岸“大三通”启动,将使“两岸一日生活圈”成为现实,为大陆台商及台湾大陆配偶春节返乡带来便利,而近年实施的“春节包机”终将寿终正寝....。
3.D/D感情色彩不当。
湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题

湖南师大附中2023—2024学年度高一第一学期期中考试英语时量:120分钟满分:150分第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15答案是C。
1.What will the woman do tomorrow?A.Enjoy flowers.B.Watch birds.C.Buy a camera.2.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Moving house.B.Working overtime.C.Doing some cleaning.3.Who is Lucy?A.The woman’s boss.B.The woman’s daughter.C.The woman’s coworker. 4.Where is the conversation probably taking place?A.In a hospital.B.In a restaurant.C.In an office.5.What does the woman mean?A.She wants to keep the window open.B.The man should wear thick clothes.C.The room needs cleaning.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
湖南省师大附中2024届高一化学第一学期期末综合测试试题含解析

湖南省师大附中2024届高一化学第一学期期末综合测试试题注意事项1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答;第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3.考试结束后,考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上,待监考员收回。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、下列说法中,正确的是A.NaCl的摩尔质量为58.5gB.1molO2的质量是l6gC.标准状况下,11.2L的CO2质量为22gD.将40gNaOH溶于1L水中,所得溶液物质的量浓度为1mol/L2、用氧化物的形式表示硅酸盐的组成,其中正确的是A.钙沸石Ca(Al2Si3O10)·3H2O表示为Al2O3·CaO·3SiO2·3H2OB.镁橄榄石Mg2SiO4表示为MgO·12SiO2C.正长石KAlSi3O8表示为K2O·Al2O3·3SiO2D.高岭石Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4表示为Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O3、下列仪器不能加热的是A.B.C.D.4、W、X、Y、Z、N、M六种主族元素,它们在周期表中位置如图所示,下列说法正确的是A.简单氢化物的熔沸点W>Z,是因为W的非金属性强B.单核离子的半径:Y2+>X+C.溴与元素M同主族,最高价氧化物对应的水化物酸性比M的强D.元素N位于金属与非金属的分界线附近,可以推断N元素的单质可作半导体材料5、在2FeBr2+3Cl2===2FeCl3+2Br2的反应中,被氧化的元素是6、已知硫酸中含有3.01×1023个氧原子,硫酸的物质的量是A .0.500 molB .1.00 molC .0.250 molD .0.125 mol7、下列说法中,正确的是A .22.4 LN 2中一定含有2molNB .在标准状况下,20 mLNH 3和60 mLO 2所含分子个数比为1:3C .18 g H 2O 在标准状况下的体积约为22.4 LD .80 g NaOH 溶解在1 L 水中,所得溶液中溶质的物质的量浓度为2 mol/L8、钢铁“发蓝”是指在钢铁的表面形成一层四氧化三铁的技术过程。
湖南师大附中国际部招生要求

湖南师大附中国际部招生要求湖南师大附中国际部招生要求一、学生基本条件:1. 年龄要求:申请初中部学习的学生年龄在12-15周岁之间,申请高中部学习的学生年龄在15-18周岁之间;2. 相关学历:初中部申请学生需具备小学六年级毕业证书,高中部申请学生需具备初中毕业证书;3. 健康状况:申请学生需身体健康,无法影响正常学习和生活的严重疾病;4. 学业成绩:申请学生需具备优秀的学业成绩,具备适应国际高水平教育的能力;5. 英语水平:申请学生需具备良好的英语听、说、读、写能力。
二、招生流程:1. 网上报名:家长通过湖南师大附中国际部招生网站进行在线报名,填写相关信息,上传申请材料;2. 笔试与面试:符合基本条件的学生将收到面试通知,进行笔试和面试环节,考察学生的学术能力和综合素质;3. 发送录取通知书:通过考核的学生将收到湖南师大附中国际部发送的录取通知书;4. 缴费与注册:学生收到录取通知书后,需按时缴纳学费及相关费用,并按照要求完成报名注册手续;5. 入学培训:新生入学前,学校将组织入学培训,帮助学生适应新的学习环境和学习方式。
三、申请材料准备:1. 报名表:按要求填写的报名表;2. 身份证复印件:申请学生及家长的身份证复印件;3. 学历证明:申请学生的学历证明材料,如毕业证书、学籍证明等;4. 英语成绩证明:申请学生的英语成绩证明,如英语等级考试成绩单、英语竞赛获奖证书等;5. 综合素质证明:申请学生的综合素质证明材料,如体育、艺术、科技竞赛获奖证书、社会实践证明等;6. 其他材料:根据个人情况,提供其他相关证明材料,如户口本、照片等。
注:申请材料需要经过审核,如有虚假材料或与实际情况不符,将取消申请资格。
附中国际部秉承“以人为本,培养终身学习者”理念,致力于打造国际化、多元化、个性化的教育环境,为学生提供全方位的素质培养和学术发展机会。
欢迎符合条件的学生积极参与招生,共同追求卓越教育!。
2024-2025学年湖南省师大附中高三上学期月考(二)英语试题及答案

湖南师大附中2025届高三月考试卷(二)英语第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AThe Virgin Islands National Park is a tropical(热带的)paradise on the island of St. John,which covers more than half of the small island.It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Sea to the south,where the climate is warm all year.The island's white sand beaches and clear blue seas are considered to be among the most beautiful in the Caribbean,gaining reputation and popularity among visitors across the world.How the national park was formedLaurence Rockefeller was an American millionaire,businessman and conservationist.He visited St.John in the 1950s. He quickly fell in love with the island's clean,pure beauty.He first purchased a small resort there, Caneel Bay. He also purchased more than 2,000 hectares of the island and donated it to the government.That donation created the U.S.Virgin Islands National Park.It was officially opened as a national park on December 1,1956.How to get to the parkThe only way to reach the park is by boat.Some people arrive on their own sailboats.Others come in on large cruise ships.Visitors also arrive on water taxis from the island of St.Thomas.What to do at the parkFrom the tropical hills to the blue waters there are many things to do at the Virgin Islands National,Park.Visitors enjoy fishing,camping,sailing,scuba diving, snorkeling (浮潜),and bird watching.Of all of the park's beaches,Trunk Bay Beach is said to be the most striking.Below the clear blue water is a 200-meter snorkeling path. Hawksnest Beach is also a popular place for snorkeling.Near the shore are three small reefs of Elkhorn Coral.The Elkhorn Coral gets its name from its shape.The reef looks similar to the huge horns(角)of an animal called elk.It is a very rare kind of reef.Scientists say it is in danger of becoming extinct.The Virgin Islands National Park is often called America's paradise.It protects St. John's pristine nature,and preserves the record of human history in the Caribbean.Don't hesitate! Come here and put yourself in the paradise!1. What is most likely attractive to tourists when they visit the Virgin Islands National Park?A. Its tropical climate.B. Its location.C. Its beautiful scenery.D. Its activity.2. What can we learn about the Virgin Islands National Park?A. An animal called elk is at risk of becoming dying out.B. Visitors can choose any means of transportation to get to the park.C Laurence's donation greatly contributed to the foundation of the park..D. There is a 200-meter snorkeling path beneath the water of the Hawksnest Beach.3. Where is the text probably taken from?A. A speech script.B. A travel brochure.C. An academic essay.D. A geographic journal.BBoeing’s Starliner spacecraft landed in a New Mexico desert late on Friday,months after its original departure date and without the two astronauts it carried when it launched in early June.The Nasa astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore should have flown the Starliner back to Earth in June, a week after launching in it.But thruster (推进器) failures and helium (氦气) leaks marred their ride. Instead, they will remain at the International Space Station (ISS) for the rest of the year and will return in February aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft.their empty seats and blue spacesuits along with some old station equipment.After Nasa’s space shuttles were retired more than a decade ago, Nasa hired Boeing and SpaceX for orbital (轨道的) taxi service. Boeing ran into so many problems on its first test flight with no one onboard in 2019 that it had to repeat it. The 2022 do-over uncovered even more flaws and the repair bill topped $1.5bn.The Starliner finally blasted into space on 5 June from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Space Force Station after unsuccessful launches on 6 May and 1 June. On the first launch attempt,a problem was found with a valve (阀门) on the second stage,or upper portion, of the rocket. On the second,a computer tripped an automatic hold just three minutes and 50 seconds from liftoff. That was later attributed to a single ground power supply fault within one of the launch control computers.Even after it successfully launched,helium leaks continued to trouble the spacecraft. As the Starliner approached the ISS, two leaks were detected but Nasa determined the spacecraft remained stable. What started as an eight-day mission dragged on for three months after the leaks and faulty thrusters raised safety concerns.However, Nasa and Boeing officials insisted that the astronauts were not trapped and that the technical difficulties did not threaten the mission. “We’ll come home when we’re ready,” Steve Stich, Nasa’s commercial crew program manager, said in the press conference in July.4. What does the underlined word “marred” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Underwent.B. Stimulated.C. Facilitated.D. Blocked.5. What do we know about Boeing’s spacecraft launches?A. They were filled with delays and setbacks.B. Starliner’s initial launch went smoothly.C. The 2019 manned spaceflight was a failureD. Reasons of the problems were still unidentified.6. Why didn’t the two astronauts come back to Earth on time?A. Because the project went over the original budget.B. Because they were both in serious health conditions.C. Because it was dangerous to take the Starliner then.D. Because Nasa officials failed to reach an agreement.7. What can be implied according to the last two paragraphs?A. The two astronauts would come back soon.B. Officials considered the situation within control.C. Nasa officials were pessimistic and pressed.D. The mission would be completed in 3 months.CActor Alicia Silverstone worried fans on social media recently. While on a trip to England, she posted a TikTok video of herself tasting a kind of poisonous berries she found along a sidewalk. Silverstone, who appeared in the 1995 movie Clueless, said she thought the fruit was a tomato. But when she bit into it and found that it had an unusual taste, she realized that it was not the common food.Plant expert, Jessica Damiano, recently wrote about poisonous plants that look like common foods for the Associated Press. She said the fruit that looked like a tomato appears to have been a Jerusalem cherry.Often sold as a houseplant, all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous.The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals says the plant is not only harmful to humans but also to dogs, cats and horses.Eating large amounts can be deadly. Silverstone was lucky because she did not swallow the berries. She was also lucky because the berries were reddish orange, which meant they were ripe. While all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous, the plant’s unripe berries can be especially dangerous.They can cause problems with the central nervous and gastrointestinal (肠胃的) systems.The Jerusalem cherry is not the only toxic plant that looks like a safe one.The poisonous Carolina horsenettle fruit also looks like a tomato. It is also known as devil’s potato to add to the confusion.The Virginia creeper fruit also looks like blueberries, and it can be deadly if eaten.Wild parsnip has flowers like a carrot and leaves like parsley (欧芹). Simply touching it can cause a skin problem. Creeping buttercup looks like flat-leaf parsley. It can cause severe stomach pain,vomiting (呕吐) and heart problems. And Canadian moonseed can be confused with wild grape. However, its taste is so bitter that you would likely spit it out before swallowing it. This is a good thing because eating it can lead to death.If you think you have swallowed a toxic plant by mistake, contact a poison control center in your area or your doctor immediately. There is additional information on the website .Damiano advises using common sense with plants you find in the wild. If you are not completely sure that something is food, do not eat it.8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To present the author’s argument.B. To introduce the topic of the article.C. To raise the public’s attention of wild plants.D. To popularize the knowledge of medical science.9. Why was Silverstone thought to be fortunate?A. The berries she had a bite were ripe.B. She found the fruit she ate was a tomato.C. She had a good knowledge of wild plants.D. The amount of the berries she consumed was large.10. According to the description,what plants can be most harmful to people?A. Carolina horsenettle and wild parsnip.B Virginia creeper and creeping buttercup..C. Wild parsnip and Canadian moonseed.D. Canadian moonseed and Virginia creeper.11. What may be the suitable measure if someone mistakenly swallows a poisonous plant?A. Spitting it out as quickly as possible.B. Making an appointment with their doctor.C. Getting in touch with the local authority instantly.D. Searching for the relevant information on the Internet.DSuperhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering:mind reading.We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals,desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own.If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people's minds.In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though.One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind.In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI,plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.12. According to the passage,which of the following contexts can AI understand well?A. When asked where an object is, a naughty kid points in the wrong direction.B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework,he answers “my dog ate it” .C. When you are treated with a hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat” .D. When a mom tells her kid milk is good for health, the kid drinks it up.13. Which statement will the author agree with most about theory of mind?A. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect.B. Humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent.C. AI’s theory of mind development has been totally decoded.D. Shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI.14. What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines?A. AmbiguousB. Conservative.C. Skeptical.D. Approving.15. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our FutureB. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is ExpectedC. AI’s Theory of Mind — a Blessing or Suffering to HumansD. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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1 湖南师大附中2017届高三月考试卷(四) 物 命题人:王海波 时量:90分钟
理 审题人:周曼 满分:110分 第I卷
一、选择题(本题包括12小题,每小题4分,共48分。其中第1 — 8小题为单选题,第 9 —12小题为多选题。全部选对的得 4分,选对但不全的得 2分,有选错的得 0分。结果填 涂在答题卡上。) 1. 关于物理学的研究方法,下列说法中正确的是( ) A. 在推导匀变速直线运动位移公式时,把整个运动过程划分成很多小段,每一段近似看成 匀速直线运动,然后把各小段的位移相加,这里运用了等效替代法 B-当厶t T0时,一号称做物体在时刻t的瞬时速度,应用了比值定义物理量的方法 At
C. 用巴 来描述速度变化快慢,采用了比值定义法 D. 伽利略利用斜面实验研究自由落体运动时,采用的是微小放大的思想方法 【答案】C
2. 每种原子都有自己的特征谱线, 所以运用光谱分析可以鉴别物质和进行深入研究。 氢原子
1 E 1 1 光谱中巴耳末系的谱线波长公式为:一=— er-—) ,n= 3、4、5, , E为氢原子基态 人 he 2 n
能量,h为普朗克常量,e为光在真空中的传播速度。锂离子 Li的光谱中某个线系的波长 可归纳成一个公式: 1 = —) , m= 9、12、15, , E;为锂离子Li基态能量, 九 he 62 m2
经研究发现这个线系光谱与氢原子巴耳末系光谱完全相同。 由此可以推算出锂离子 Li •基态 能量与氢原子基态能量的比值为( ) A. 3 B . 6 C . 9 D . 12 【答案】C
3. 表面光滑、半径为R的半球固定在水平地面上, 球心O的正上方0'处有一无摩擦定滑轮,
轻质细绳两端各系一个可视为质点的小球挂在定滑轮上, 如图所示。两小球平衡时,若滑轮
两侧细绳的长度分别为 L, -2.4R和L2 -2.5R,则这两个小球的质量之比为 ,小球与
m2 2
半球之间的压力之比为 N±,则以下说法正确的是
N2 3 A. 甲、乙滑块不可能落在传送带的左右两侧 B. 甲、乙滑块可能落在传送带的左右两侧,但距释放点的水平距离一定相等 C. 甲、乙滑块可能落在传送带的同一侧,但距释放点的水平距离一定不相等 D. 若甲、乙滑块能落在同一点,则摩擦力对甲、乙做的功一定相等 【答案】D
5. 为纪念中国航天事业的成就,发扬航天精神,自 2016年起,将每年的4月24日设立为
“中国航天日”。在 46年前的这一天,中国第一颗人造卫星发射成功。若该卫星运行轨道 与地面的最近距离为 hi,最远距离为h2。已知地球的半径为 R,地球表面的重力加速度为 g, 月球绕地球做匀速圆周运动的周期为 「引力常量为 G根据以上信息不可求出的物理量有 ( ) A. 地球的质量 B. 月球绕地球做匀速圆周运动的轨道半径 C. 中国第一颗人造卫星绕地球运动的周期 D. 月球表面的重力加速度 【答案】D
A mi
m2
24 25 m-\
m
25
24
C. N N2
=1 Ni
N2
24 25
【答案】 4. 如图所示,水平传送带 两相同滑块(视为质点)之间夹着一个压缩轻弹簧(长度不计),在 它们时,弹簧瞬间恢复原长,两滑块以相对地面相同的速率分别向左、 确的是( )
AB距离地面的高度为 h,以恒定速率 vo顺时针运行。现有甲、乙
AB的正中间位置轻放 右运动。下列判断正 4
6. 如图所示,一个 3/4圆弧形光滑圆管轨道 ABC放置在竖直平面内,轨道半径为 R,在A 点与水平地面 AD相接,地面与圆心 0等高,MN是放在水平地面上长为 3R厚度不计的减 振垫,左端M正好位于A点.一个质量为m的小球从A处管口正上方某处由静止释放, 若不 考虑空气阻力,小球可看作质点,那么以下说法中正确的是( )
A. 要使球能从 C点射出后能打到垫子上,贝U球经过 B. 要使球能从 C点射出小球经过 C点时的速度至少为_~gR C. 若球从C点射出后恰好能打到垫子的 M端,则球经过C点时对管的作用力大小为 mg/4 ,
方向向下 D. 要使球能通过 C点落到垫子上,球离 A点的最大高度是7R 【答案】A
7. 如图甲所示,质量为 1kg的小物块以初速度 v0=11m/s,从二=53。固定斜面底端先后两次 滑上斜面,第一次对小物块施加一沿斜面向上的恒力 F,第二次无恒力,图乙中的两条线段 a、b分别表示存在恒力 F和无恒力F时小物块沿斜面向上运动的 v-t图像,不考虑空气阻
2
力,g=10m/s,下列说法正确的是( sin53 ° =06, sin53 ° =0.8) A. 恒力F大小为21N
B. 物块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为 0. 5 C. 有恒力F时,小物块在上升过程机械能的减少量较大 D. 有恒力F时,小物块在上升过程产生的热量较小 【答案】B
8. 水如图所示,弹簧的一端固定在竖直墙上,质量为 M的光滑弧形槽静止在光滑水平面上,
& I v(m s 5
底部与水平面平滑连接,一个质量为 m( m< M)的小球从槽高h处开始自由下滑,下列说法 正确的是 6 A. 在以后的运动过程中,小球和槽的水平方向动量始终守恒 B. 在下滑过程中小球和槽之间的相互作用力始终不做功 C. 全过程小球和槽、弹簧所组成的系统机械能守恒,且水平方向动量守恒 D. 被弹簧反弹后,小球和槽的机械能守恒,但小球不能回到槽高 h处 【答案】D
9. 如图所示,在方向竖直向下的匀强电场中 ,一绝缘轻细线一端固定于 0点,另一端系一带正 电的小球在竖直平面内做圆周运动. 小球的电荷量为q,质量为m,绝缘细线长为L,电场的场 强为E.若带电小球恰好能通过最高点 A,则( )
C. 运动到B点时细线对小球的拉力为 6 (mg+qE D. 小球运动到最低点B时的速度V2= -' 【答案】BCD
10. 下列四幅图的有关说法中正确的是
A. 甲图中,球 m以速度v碰静止球m,若两球质量相等,碰后 m>的速度一定为 v
B. 乙图中,在光颜色保持不变的情况下,入射光越强,饱和光电流越大 C. 丙图中,射线甲由电子组成,射线乙为电磁波,射线丙由 a粒子组成 D. 链式反应属于重核的裂变 【答案】BD
11. 我国高铁技术处于世界领先水平,和谐号动车组是由动车和拖车编组而成,提供动力的 车厢叫动车,不提供动力的车厢叫拖车。 假设动车组各车厢质
£ A. 在A点时小球的速度 B. 在A点时小球的速度
爬L
m
甲
乙 7
量均相等, 动车的额定功率都 8
相同,动车组在水平直轨道上运行过程中阻力与车重成正比,某列动车组由 8节车厢组成, 其中第1和5节车厢为动车,其余为拖车,则该动车组 A. 做匀加速运动时,第 5、6节与第6、7节车厢间的作用力之比为 3:2
B. 进站时从关闭发动机到停下来滑行的距离与关闭发动机时的速度成正比 C. 启动时乘客受到车厢作用力的方向与车运动的方向相反 D. 与改为4节动车带4节拖车的动车组最大速度之比为 1:2
【答案】AD
12. 如图所示,光滑水平地面上静止放置由弹簧相连的木块
A开始以速度vo向右运动,若 mA mB,则(
A.当弹簧压缩最短时,B的速度达到最大值【答案】BC
第H卷 二、实验题(本题包括2小题,第13小题8分,第14小题6分,共14分) 13. 如图实—11-5所示是用来验证动量守恒的实验装置,弹性球 1用细线悬挂于 O点,O 点正下方桌子的边沿有一竖直立柱. 实验时,调节悬点,使弹性球1静止时恰与立柱上的球 2接触且两球等高.将球 1拉到A点,并使之静止,同时把球 2放在立柱上.释放球 1,当 它摆到悬点正下方时与球 2发生对心碰撞.碰后球 1向左最远可摆到 B点,球2落到水平 地面上的C点.测出有关数据即可验证 1、2两球碰撞时动量守恒. 现已测出A点离水平桌 面的距离为a, B点离水平桌面的距离为 b,弹性球1、2的质量m2。此外: (1)还需要测量的量是 _____________ 、 __________________ 和 _________________ . ⑵根据测量的数据,该实验中动量守恒的表达式为 ______________________________ .(忽略小球 的大小)
A和B,开始时弹簧处于原长, B. 当弹簧再次恢复原长时, C. 当弹簧再次恢复原长时, D. 当弹簧再次恢复原长时,
A的速度一定向右
A的速度一定小于 B的速度 A的速度可能大于 B的速度
现给A一个向右的瞬时冲量,让