英语语法现在完成时讲解(终审稿)

英语语法现在完成时讲

解

TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】

第六讲现在完成时

1.概念：

1）、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去,常和 for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词.

eg: We have lived here since 2000.

自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) She has worked in Nanning for five years.

She has been ill for a week.

2）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.

eg: I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到 )

I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了.

--- Have you had your lunch yet 你吃过午饭了吗

--- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了)

2. 结构: 主语+ have / has + done + …

3. 句型: ⑴肯定句: ①主语+ have / has + done + …

eg： She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海.

I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了.

⑵否定句: ①主语+ have / has + not +done + …

eg：I haven’t seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影.

eg：She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业.

⑶一般疑问句：① Have / Has + 主语+ done + …

eg: Have you seen this film

Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t .

你看过这部电影吗是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.

eg：Has she finished doing his homework Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t.

她完成她的作业了吗是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有.

⑷特殊疑问句：①特殊疑问词 + have / has + 主语+ done + …

eg: When has you seen this film 你什么时候看的这部电影

eg: Who has finished doing his homework 谁完成了作业

4. 时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用，这些词有：

for 、since、 already、 yet、 ever、 never、 recently、just、before、 so far、 by now、…等连用.

注意: for+一段时间 since+过去的某一个时间点

I have lived in Nanning for ten years.

I have lived in Nanning since ten years ago/ 2002.

I haven’t eaten anything for ten hours.

I ha haven’t eaten anything since 6am.

already :用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末. I have already finished my homework.

yet: 用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末.

Have you finished your homework yet?

I haven’t finished my homew ork yet.

ever: 曾经用于疑问句中：

Have you ever been to Beijing

Have you ever been to Shanghai 你去过上海吗

never: 未曾从未

I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过. recently：最近用于肯定否定疑问句中

I have been busy recently.

We have not seen Tom recently.

Have they been here recently.

eg: I have just seen Tom.

I haven’t heard of it before. 我以前从来没有听说过这件事.

They have planted 2000 trees so far.

The child has learned 100 English words by now.

5. 当与一段时间连用时, 经常用for 加一段时间, 这时候谓语动词一定要用延续

性的.

非延续性动词----延续性动词

改错：They have got married for ten years. I have borrowed this book for a week.

get married--- be married borrow --- keep

come ---- be here go --- be away / off buy --- have

start / begin --- be on leave --- be away die --- be dead

arrive---be in/at join---be in /be a member of stop---be over

return----be back open/close---be closed/open

eg: He came here three days ago. 他三天前来的这. (一般过去时)

He has been here for three days. 他来这已经三天了.

(现在完成时与一段时间连用, 非延续性动词变延续性动词. )

He went to Dalian last week. 他上周去的大连. ( 一般过去时 )

He has been away for a week. 他已经离开有一周了. ( 现在完成时 )

I bought the book last month. 我去年买的这本书. ( 一般过去时 )