精品：【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2016届高三下学期考前练习化学试题(原卷版)
【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2016届高三考前一周双练冲刺模拟考试(一)物理试题解析(解析版)
一、单项选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
1、下图中按力的作用效果分解正确的是【答案】A考点：考查了力的分解【名师点睛】本题考查运用数学知识处理物理问题的能力，比较简单．对于力的分解，关键确定力的作用效果，定出两个分力的方向2、某物体以一定的初速度沿足够长的斜面从底端向上滑去，此后该物体的运动图像不可能的是（图中x是位移、v是速度，t是时间【答案】C考点：考查了运动图像【名师点睛】物体以一定的初速度沿足够长的斜面，可能先向上做匀减速直线运动，后向下做匀加速直线运动，匀加速运动的加速度小于匀减速运动的加速度，物体返回时速度减小；可能先向上做匀减速直线运动，后停在最高点3、如图所示，水平地面上O点正上方的A、B两点分别水平抛出两个小球，C在水平面上O点右边，则两球A、不可能同时落在C点B、落在C点的速度大小可能相同C、落在C点的速度方向可能相同D、落在C点的重力的功率不可能相同【答案】B考点：考查了平抛运动规律的应用【名师点睛】平抛运动轨迹为抛物线，速度方向为该点的切线方向，平抛运动水平方向做匀速直线运动，竖直方向为自由落体运动，设出水平方向和竖直方向的位移，运用平抛运动的基本规律表示出落地的速度即可求解4、如图所示，半圆槽光滑，绝缘，固定，圆心是O，最低点是P，半圆槽的直径MN水平，a、b是两个完全相同的带正电小球（视为点电荷），b固定在M点，a从N点静止释放，沿半圆槽运动经过P点到达某点Q（图中未画出）时速度为零，则关于小球a的运动以下说法不正确的是A、从N到Q的过程中，重力与库仑力的合力先增大后减小B、从N到Q的过程中，速率先增大后减小C、从N到Q的过程中，电势能一直增加D、从N到Q的过程中，重力势能的减少量等于电势能的增加量【答案】A【解析】试题分析：a由N到Q的过程中，重力竖直向下，而库仑力一直沿二者的连线方向，则可知，重力与库仑力的夹角一直减小，故合力一直在增大，故A错误；在整个过程中合力先与运动方向的夹角均为锐角，合力做正功；而后一过程中合力与运动方向夹角为钝角，合力做负功；故从N到P的过程中，速率先增大后减小，故B正确；从N到Q的过程中，库仑力一直与运动方向夹角大于90度，故库仑力一直做负功，电势能一直增加，故C正确；从N到Q的过程中，动能的变化量为零，根据能量守恒可知，重力势能的减少量等于电势能增加量，故D正确；考点：考查了功能关系的应用【名师点睛】由力的合成法分析重力及库仑力的合力如何变化，根据功的公式明确合力做功情况；再根据重力做功和电场力做功的特点与电势能的关系分析电势能的变化，要注意明确电场力和重力具有相同的性质，即重力做功量度重力势能的改变量，而电场力做功量度电势能的改变量．5、一汽车在平直公路上行驶，从某时刻开始计时，发动机的功率P随时间t的变化如图所示，假定汽车所受阻力的大小f恒定不变，下列描述汽车的速度v随时间t变化的图像中，可能正确的是【答案】B考点：考查了机车启动【名师点睛】本题关键是明确汽车恒定功率的加速过程是加速度减小的加速运动，注意速度不能突变，基础题目二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题4分，满分16分，每题有多个选项符合题意，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，错选或不答的得0分6、如图所示，理想变压器原副线圈的匝数比是10:1，原线圈输入交变电压50u t π=（V ），在副线圈中串接有理想电流表和定值电阻R ，电容器并联在电阻R 两端，电阻阻值R=10Ω，关于电路分析，下列说法正确的是A 、电流表示数是1A BAC 、电阻R 消耗的电功率为10W D、电容器的耐压值至少是V【答案】CD考点：考查了交流电有效值，理想变压器【名师点睛】对于变压器需要掌握公式1122U n U n =、1222I n I n =，以及知道副线圈的电流以及功率决定了原线圈中的电流和功率，理想变压器是理想化模型，一是不计线圈内阻；二是没有出现漏磁现象．同时当电路中有变压器时，只要将变压器的有效值求出，则就相当于一个新的恒定电源，其值就是刚才的有效值7、若宇航员在月球表面附近自高度h 处以初速度0v 水平抛出一个小球，测出小球的水平射程为L ，已知月球半径为R ，万有引力定律为G ，则下列说法不正确的是A 、月球表面的重力加速度202hv g L=月B、月球的平均密度2232hvGL R ρπ=C、月球的第一宇宙速度v=D、月球的质量为222hR v mGL=月【答案】ACD考点：考查了万有引力定律，平抛运动【名师点睛】解决本题的关键知道平抛运动在水平方向上和竖直方向上的运动规律，以及掌握万有引力提供向心力以及万有引力等于重力这两个理论的运用8、如图所示，abcd为一矩形金属线框，其中ab=cd=L，ab边接有定值电阻R，cd边的质量为m，其他部分的电阻和质量均不计，整个装置用两根绝缘轻弹簧悬挂起来。
【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2015-2016学年高二上学期期末考试(选修班)化学试题解析(解析版)
江苏省清江中学2015—2016学年度第一学期期末考试高二化学试卷（选修）可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1 C—12 O—16 Ca—40Ⅰ卷（选择题共40分）一、（本题共10小题，每题仅有一个选项符合题意，每小题2分，共20分）1．生活中常常碰到涉及化学知识的某些问题，下列叙述正确的是①人的皮肤在强紫外线的照射下将会失去生理活性②用甲醛溶液浸泡海产品保鲜③变质的油脂有难闻的特殊气味，是由于油脂发生了水解反应④棉花和木材的主要成分都是纤维素，蚕丝和蜘蛛丝的主要成分都是蛋白质⑤蚂蚁叮咬人的皮肤时将分泌物甲酸注入人体，此时可在患处涂抹小苏打或稀氨水A．①④⑤B．②③④C．①②④⑤D．全部【答案】A【考点定位】考查生活中的有机物化合物以及应用等知识【名师点睛】本题考查生活中的有机化合物以及应用等知识，涉及蛋白质的结构和性质，油脂的性质、组成与结构,甲酸、甲醛的性质和用途。
①蛋白质在强紫外线的照射下会变性；②甲醛有毒，对人体有害；③油脂发生氧化反应而产生异味，这是变质的主要原因；④棉花和木材的主要成分都是纤维素，蚕丝的主要成分都是蛋白质；⑤小苏打或稀氨水可以和甲酸发生反应。
2．2002年诺贝尔化学奖获得者的贡献之一是发明了对有机分子的结构进行分析的质谱法。
其方法是让极少量（10－9 g左右）的化合物通过质谱仪的离子化室使样品分子大量离子化，少量分子碎裂成更小的离子。
如C2H6离子化后可得到C2H6＋、C2H5＋、C2H4＋、……然后测定其质荷比β。
设H＋的质荷比为1，某有机物样品的质荷比如下图（假设离子均带一个单位正电荷，信号强度与该离子多少有关），则该有机物可能A．CH3OHB．C3H8C．CH4D．C2H4【答案】C【解析】试题分析：根据有机物样品的质荷比的最大值为该物质的相对分子质量，然后根据相对分子质量来确定物质的分子式，据此分析，由有机物样品的质荷比图可知该物质的相对分子质量为16，甲醇、丙烷、甲烷、乙烯的相对分子质量为32、42、16、28，则该有机物为甲烷，答案选C。
【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2016届高三考前一周双练冲刺模拟卷(四)物理试题(原卷版)
江苏省清江中学2016届高三考前一周双练冲刺模拟卷（四）物理试题一、单项选择题1、下列关于物理学思想方法的叙述错误的是（ ） A 、探究加速度与力和质量关系的实验中运用了控制变量法 B 、加速度Fa m=、磁感应强度F B IL =的定义都运用了比值法C 、光滑的水平面，轻质弹簧等运用了理想化模型法D 、平均速度、合力、有效值等概念的建立运用了等效替代法2、如图所示，在动摩擦因数0.2μ=的水平面上有一个质量2m kg =的小球，小球与水平轻弹簧及与竖直方程成045θ=角的不可伸长的轻绳一端相连，此时小球处于静止状态，且水平面对小球的弹力恰好为零，在剪断轻绳的瞬间（g 取210/m s ），下列说法中正确的是（ ）A 、小球受力个数不变B 、小球立即向左运动，且2/8a m s =C 、小球立即向左运动，且2/10a m s =D 、若剪断的弹簧，则剪断瞬间小球加速度的大小2/a s =3、在高能粒子研究中，往往要把一束含有大量质子和α粒子的混合粒子分离开，如图初速度可忽略的质子和α粒子，经电压为U 的电场加速后，进入分离区，如果在分离区使用匀强电场或匀强磁场把粒子进行分离，所加磁场方向垂直纸面向里，所加电场方向竖直向下，则下列可行的方法是（ ）A、电场和磁场都不可以B、电场和磁场都可以C、只能用电场D、只能用磁场4、2007年10月24日18时05分，中国第一颗探月卫星“嫦娥一号”在西昌卫星发射中心成功升空，已知月球半径为R，若“嫦娥一号”到达距月球表面高为2R处时，地面控制中心将其速度调整为v时恰能绕月球匀速飞行，将月球视为质量分布均匀的球体，则月球表面的重力加速度为（）A、2Rv B、22Rv C、23Rv D、24Rv5、如图，倾角为030的斜面体置于水平地面上，一根不可伸长的轻绳两端分别系着小球A和物块B，跨过固定于斜面体顶端的滑轮O（可视为质点）。
A的质量为m，B的质量为4m，开始时，用手托住A，使OA 段绳恰处于水平伸直状态（绳中无拉力），OB绳平行于斜面，此时B静止不动，将A由静止释放，在其下摆过程中斜面体始终保持静止，则在绳子到达竖直位置之前，下列说法正确的是（）A、物块BB、物块B受到的摩擦力先增大后减小C、绳子的张力先减小后增大D、地面对斜面体的摩擦力方向一直水平向左二、多项选择题6、如图所示为某直升飞机的俯视图，该直升机两侧均装有等高的照明发射管，当飞机悬停时发射方向与飞行方向垂直，测得照明弹发射速度大小为v，现直升机以速率v保持与水平地面固定高度差做匀速直线飞行，每隔t∆时间按下发射开关，不计空气阻力，且t∆远小于照明弹在空中运动的时间，则（）A 、照明弹以初速2v 做平抛运动B 、同侧同一发射筒发射的照明弹在空中处于同一条抛物线上C 、同侧的照明弹落地点在一条抛物线上D 、同时发射的照明弹在同一个水平面上7、如图，虚线MN 上方存在方向垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场1B ，带电粒子从边界MN 上的A 点以速度0v 垂直磁场方向射入磁场，经磁场偏转后从边界MN 上的B 点射出，若粒子经过的区域PQ 上方在叠加方向垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场2B ，让该粒子仍以速度0v 从A 处沿原方向射入磁场，经磁场偏转后从边界MN 上的'B 点射出（图中未标出），不计粒子的重力，下列关于粒子的说法正确的是（ ）A 、'B 点在B 点的左侧B 、从'B 点射出的速度大于从B 点射出的速度C 、从'B 点射出的速度方向平行与从B 点射出的速度方向D 、从A 到'B 的时间等于从A 到B 的时间8、用如图所示的电路可以测量电源电动势E 、内阻r 以及定值电阻0 R ，用1U 、2U 、I 分别表示电表1V 、2V 、A 的读数，若滑动变阻器的滑片P 从最右端一直移动到最左端，则（ ）A 、在同一坐标纸上分别作出1I U -、2I U -图线，如下图所示，则图中的A 图线表示的是1I U -图线B 、由实验数据可得定值电阻210 IU U R -=，若考虑到电表不是理想电表，则这样测得的0R 的值大于实际值C 、A 图线的斜率大小等于0 r R +D 、B 图线的斜率大小等于0 r R +9、如图甲所示，用竖直向上的力F 拉静止在水平地面上的一物体，物体在向上运动的过程中，其机械能E 与位移x 的关系如图乙，其中AB 为曲线，其余部分为直线，下列说法正确的是（ ）A 、10x 过程中，物体所受拉力不变B 、12x x 过程中，物体的加速度先减小后增大C 、30x 过程中，物体的动能先增大后减小D 、20x 过程中，物体克服重力做功的功率一直增大三、简答题10、某同学用如图甲所示的装置测量滑块与水平桌面之间的动摩擦因数，实验过程如下：（1）用游标卡尺测量出固定于滑块上的遮光条的宽度d = mm ，在桌面上合适固定好弹簧和光电门，将光电门与数字计时器（图中未画出）连接。
【精品】【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2016届高三下学期周练英语试题(原卷版)
江苏省清江中学2016届高三下学期周练英语试题一、单项选择（共35小题；每小题分，满分35分）1. A teacher’s job is not to tell the students what to believe or value, but to ___________ them to develop a worldview for themselves.A. urgeB. equipC. persuadeD. rank2. Our mothers sat us down to read and paint, ____ all we really wanted to do was to make a mess.A. sinceB. asC. unlessD. when3. I needn’t have been in such a hurry. The flight to Hong Kong _____ due to the typhoon.A. has cancelledB. was cancelledC. will be cancelingD. had cancelled4. ----A study suggests reducing energy demand in the future may _______ urban areas.---That’s true. Cities need more energy than small towns or other rural areas.A. center onB. act onC. hang onD. catch on5. Tech-free tourism refers to traveling without a mobile phone or similar devices, particularly to places_____ black or cannot access Internet and cellular signals.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. who6. A Chinese student’s print-like handwriting caused controversy among British Internet users, _____ both praise and questions about individuality.A. having drawnB. drawingC. to drawD. drew7. Some experts hold the view that fundamental construction is _____ the key to the little island development lies.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. why8. Florida is blessed with ______ warm climate, which makes it _____ suitable place for old people to live in.A. a; 不填B. 不填; theC. a; aD. the; a9. The machine has been used for man years. It’s no wonder that it doesn’t work well __________.A. regularlyB. constantlyC. frequentlyD. occasionally10. Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiment and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state_____ they don’t age.A. for whichB. thatC. whereD. which11. The newly-built subway is always crowded with passengers going home from market, most of them _____ heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables.A. carriedB. to be carriedC. to carryD. carrying12. ---The prices of vegetables are going up madly. It’s really too much for us.---But for the situation where many vegetable producing areas _____ constant low temperature, things would not be like this.A. meet withB. have met withC. met withD. had met with13. Do you still remember how many years ago_________ we first met on campus?A. was it thatB. it was thatC. was it whenD. it was when14. You must notice_________ the emergency exit is when entering the building.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. in which15. A proposal has been put forward at a recent video conference _____ measures be taken to raise the citizens’awareness of traffic safety.A. thatB. asC. whenD. which16. ----The opening ceremony of the Cultural Festival was the most exciting, wasn’t it?----____________. I had never seen a better one before.A. No problemB. Not reallyC. Forget itD. You bet17. ____ himself with routine office tasks, he had no time to accompany his children.A. OccupiedB. OccupyingC. Being occupiedD. To be occupied18. As the fact that the ambassador was killed made the situation worse, hopes of a peace settlement are now ____.A. decreasingB. increasingC. fadingD. promoting19. In fighting with enemies, the economy dropped greatly, ______, many lives were claimed.A. on top of thatB. in contrastC. for another thingD. above all20. The study of natural history is not something to be left to biologists. In fact, their capacity _____ the time they can spend away from their offices is very limited.A. in terms ofB. in search ofC. in view ofD. in spite of21. ----What do you think about that new librarian?----She is ______ of a good clerk, for she even doesn’t know how to classify the books.A. somebodyB. nothingC. somethingD. nobody22. ---- I’ve had a bad cough recently.----Me too. I’ve never experienced ______ of air pollution in cities before.A. an acute problemB. a more acute problemC. a most acute problemD. the most acute probl em23. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, many cities in China suffered ______ air pollution duri ngthe third quarter of this year.A. meaningfulB. amusingC. significantD. fundamental24. Fame and wealth can be attractive, but ______ will they give you permanent happiness.A. in no timeB. at a timeC. at all timesD. at no time25. With the pressure of being off work ______, Mary seemed to be going crazy.A. making upB. taking upC. picking upD. building up26. Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury, but these were all ______.A. in progressB. in vainC. in turnD. in tune27. Many of the creatures in the movie “Avatar” are not real, but much of ______ happens is still attractive.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. them28. Leonardo da Vinci ______ a scientist if he had not been so skilled in other areas.A. would beB. must beC. might have beenD. should have been29. ----Hurry! There’s no time to waste.----OK. But I’m afraid that ______ I work around the clock, I can’t catch up with those straight A students.A. even ifB. asC. untilD. as though30. ----You should have told her about the meaning of the gesture.----I meant ______, but I had some unexpected guests.A. toB. to haveC. to do soD. doing so31. Emotional conflict may shake the ______ of even the strongest relationship, e.g. between husband and wife, par ents and children.A. proportionB. foundationC. innovationD. interaction32. It is reported that China will not buy the Euro debt until some thorough research ______.A. has been doneB. will have been doneC. will be doneD. had been done33. ----Anything special about this device?----Well, it can ______ between the cancerous and the normal cells under certain conditions.A. concludeB. excludeC. discriminateD. undergo34. News of the world was gone, shut down after ______ in the biggest newspaper scandal ever to hit Britain.A. catchingB. caughtC. being caughtD. having caught35. ---- I was reading A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin yesterday, but I couldn’t understand it.---- ______. It is classical literature, so take your time to enjoy it.A. Don’t fly off the handleB. You got me thereC. Nothing is impossible to a willing heartD. More haste, less speed二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）Learning a second language fuels children’s intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. 36the fact is, in U.S.A, as in many other English speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the 37. Eighty-four per cent of US people are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who 38 to speak two or more languages.No matter how proud people are of their cultural roots, to speak anything ___39 .English is a marker ofdifference here. That’s why fourteen-year-old Umar is 40 .when people comment on the fact that he is able to sp eak Arabic. Umar’s mother points out: ―In U.S.A, it’s not 41 for kids to be bilingual. But, if you speak another l anguage to your children in U.S.A, it is thought that you are not helping them to 42 society.But in fact, the general 43 among experts is that learning a second language is good for children. Experts beli eve that bilinguals – people who speak __44 languages – have a clear learning advantage 45 their monolingual schoolmates. This 46 on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, 47 they a re learning Arabic, French, Chinese or any other language.Vinss Millon, a professor of Foreign Language Training, says: ―A lot of studies have 48 that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more 49 , but in the end they do as well as theirmonolingual schoolmates, and often better, in other subjects.The view is that there is a(n) 50 from the effort of learning another language. A few other 51 agree that “B ilinguals tend to use language better as a whole. They also 52 greater creativity and problem-solving ability, and they learn further languages more easily”.With all of the benefits, why do we not show more 53 for learning other languages? Parents and teachers 54in bilingual education say it is pressure from friends at school, general 55 to other languages in English-speakin gcountries, and problems in the school system that are to blame.36. A. And B. So C. But D. Thus37. A. minimum B. maximum C. minority D. majority38. A. claim B. pretend C. decide D. plan39. A. more than B. less than C. rather than D. other than40. A. excited B. embarrassed C. disappointed D. appreciated41. A. common B. unusual C. unique D. general42. A. fit in B. build up C. contribute to D. figure out43. A. distinction B. commission C. announcement D. agreement44. A. one B. two C. three D. more45. A. beneath B. beyond C. over D. of46. A. determines B. focuses C. comments D. depends47. A. if B. whether C. when D. because48. A. rejected B. released C. revealed D. reminded49. A. slowly B. rapidly C. easily D. efficiently50. A. outcome B. improvement C. advantage D. tendency51. A. parents B. learners C. schoolmates D. professors52. A. display B. produce C. inspire D. discover53. A. concern B. respect C. enthusiasm D. intelligence54. A. involved B. impressed C. competing D. replacing55. A. opinions B. obstacles C. senses D. attitudes三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AThe right to vote is one of the most fundamental rights of any democracy. Yet, for too long, too many of our fellow citizens were denied that right simply because of the color of their skin.Fifty years ago this week, President Lyndon Johnson signed a law to change that. The Voting Rights Act broke down legal barriers that stood between millions of African Americans and their constitutional right to cast ballot(投票). It was, and still is, one of the greatest victories in our country’s struggle for civil rights. But it didn’t happen overnight. Countless men and women marched and organized, sat in and stood up, for our most basic rights. For this, they were called agitators(挑拨者) and un-American; they were jailed and beaten. Some were even killed. Butin the end, they reaffirmed the idea at the very heart of America: that people who love this country can change it.Our country is a better place because of all those heroes did for us. But as one of those heroes, Congressman John Lewis, reminded us in Selma this past March, “There’s still work to be done.” Fifty years after the V oting Rights Act, there are still too many barriers to vote, and too many people trying to erect（建立）new ones. We’ve seen laws that roll back early voting, force people to jump through hoops to cast a ballot or lead to legitimate (合法的) voters being improperly purged from the rolls. Over the years, we have seen provisions (规定) specifically designed to make it harder for some of our fellow citizens to vote. In a democracy like ours, with a history like ours, that’s a disgrace. That’s why, as we celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the V oting Right s Act, I’m calling on Congress to pass new legislation to make sure every American has equal access to the polls.It’s why I support the organizers getting folks registered in their communities. And it’s why, no matter what party you support, my message to every American is simple: get out there and vote—not just every four years, but every chance you get, because your elected officials will only heed(留心) your voice if you make your voice heard. The promise that all of us are created equal is written into our founding documents but it’s up to us to make that promise real. Together, let’s do what Americans have alway s done: Let’s keep marching forward, keep perfecting our union, and keep building a better country for our kids.[From Obama Weekly Address Aug 8th , 2015]56. Many Americans were denied the right to vote simply because _____.A. they were unwilling to go out and voteB. they were agitators and un-AmericanC. too many people tried to erect new barriersD. the color of their skin was different57. What message does President Barack Obama want to convey in this speechA. The President underlined that all people are created equal.B. The President celebrated the 50th Anniversary of the V oting Rights Act.C. The President reaffirmed the commitment to protecting the right to vote.D. The President called on everyone to seize every chance to elect officials.BThere is one holiday in the year which is completely American, Thanksgiving Day. It is the day when everyone goes back home to spend the day with his family, to have the traditional Thanksgiving dinner of roast turkey, to talk about old times.This is a story of Thanksgiving Day and of one man's efforts, under rather special circumstances, to carry on these traditions.Old Pete took his seat this day on his usual bench in Union Square. Every Thanksgiving Day for nine years, Pete had taken this same seat exactly at one o'clock, and each time the same pleasant thing had happened. But this time Pete had come here more from habit than from hunger.Certainly today Pete was not hungry. He had just had a dinner so enormous that he could hardly breathe. The buttons on his ragged shirt and coat were about to burst. He was so full of soup, oysters, roast turkey, apple pie, icecream, and a dozen other rich foods that the November breeze and the first light fall of snow felt cool and pleasant to his face.The meal had been completely unexpected. He had been passing one of the large homes on Fifth Avenue, where there lived two rich old ladies. It seems that it was their custom each Thanksgiving to place a servant at the front entrance with orders to bring in the first hungry looking person that passed and then give him a Thanksgiving dinner of everything he could eat. On this particular Thanksgiving Day, Pete had passed, the servant had brought him in, and, before Pete knew it, he was being served like a king with more food than he could eat.Pete sat on the bench now, hardly able to move. He happened to look to the left and there in the distance he saw the Old Gentleman coming toward him. He wanted to get up and run, but he was so full of food that he stayed right there. Every Thanksgiving Day for nine years, the Old Gentleman had come here, and found Pete on this same bench, and then taken him to a restaurant and bought him a Thanksgiving dinner. It was a kind of tradition which the Old Gentleman, who had no family and lived alone, had tried to continue. The old man was tall and thin and sixty years old. He was aristocratic looking and he always dressed in black. His hair was whiter and thinner than it had been the year before, and he leaned more heavily on his cane than he used to."How do you do!" said the Old Gentleman. "I am glad to see that the changes of another year have permitted you to move in health through this beautiful world."Each time the Old Gentleman had said exactly this same thing. It was part of the tradition. Old Pete, too, began to feel as though he himself was now a part of the tradition, and he therefore did not have the courage to tell the old man that he had already eaten. This dinner seemed to mean so much to the Old Gentleman."Thank you, sir," said Old Pete at last. "I'll go with you gladly. I'm very hungry sir."Together the Old Gentleman and Pete walked south to the same restaurant where each year Pete had his Thanksgiving dinner. They sat at the same table. The Old Gentleman seemed pleased and happy. When the waiter brought dish after dish of food to Pete, the Old Gentleman sat quietly and smiled. Under the circumstance, Pete had to eat. It was part of the tradition, and so he ate like a hero. Soup, oysters, roast turkey, pie, he ate everything, although when he entered the restaurant even the smell of more food almost made him sick. At last Pete leaned back with the battle won."Thank you sir," he said, with some effort, " for a fine dinner."They parted as they did each year at the door, the Old Gentleman going south, Pete north.Around the corner, Pete stopped for a moment, felt a terrible pain in his stomach, then fell to the sidewalk unconscious. A little later an ambulance came. In the hospital they discovered that he had had an attack of indigestion.An hour later, another ambulance brought the Old Gentleman to the same hospital. At first they thought it was also indigestion but later one of the nurses said,"That nice old gentleman over there-- you wouldn't think that it was a case of starvation. Proud old family, I suppose. He told me that he hadn't eaten a thing for three days.”58. This year Old Pete came to the Union Square because ______.A. he was hungry and expected to find some foodB. he had nowhere to go on the Thanksgiving DayC. he wanted to meet the Old Gentleman and check his healthD. it was a convention for him to accept the Ol d Gentleman’s dinner59. Why didn’t Old Pete refuse the invitation from the Old Gentleman?A. Because he felt he had more room for food.B. Because he realized he was involved in the tradition.C. Because he felt moved by the Old Gentlemen’s generosity.D. Because he didn’t dare to tell the old man he had already eaten.60. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Only the Old Gentlemen observed Thanksgiving Day traditions.B. The two gentlemen were both hospitalized because of hunger.C. The Thanksgiving dinner offered by the Old Gentleman is more than dinner itself.D. The food in the restaurant tastes better than that in large homes on Fifth Avenue.61. What can we learn from the two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen?A. One man’s meat is another man’s poison.B. They are really gentlemen true to their word.C. They are too vain to express their true feelings.D. The conduct of the two gentlemen is really absurd.CToday, many species of animals and plants are endangered. This means they are in danger of becoming extinct and living on only in the pages of history books. The famous dodo is a classic example of a creature that became extinct. A flightless bird that lived on the island of Mauritius, it was discovered by sailors in 1598 but was hunted to extinction by 1681.Hunting has caused the Bengal tiger and the African elephant to be endangered today but habitat destruction can also lead to extinction. This is equally true for plants. Animals and plants disappear for other reasons too, but the main cause is often a disruption（打乱，破坏）in the natural food chain, whether due to hunting, habitat destruction, or even the introduction of alien species.The natural food chain is the cycle that governs the existence of all life on this planet. It is a carefully balanced cycle and any imbalance that occurs can cause knock-on effects that have serious consequences. At the beginning of the natural food chain are plants which turn sunlight into energy and draw nutrients from the earth. Plants are called producers.After the producers come the consumers. There are three tiers of consumers. First are creatures such as plant-eating animals, fish and insects which feed off the producers. These animals that only eat plants are called herbivores. The second tier of consumers are carnivores - animals that live off other animals. The third tier of consumers eats both other animals and plants. These consumers, including most humans, are called omnivores.After animals and plants die, they become food for other smaller creatures, such as bacteria and some plants, such as fungi. As they feed, these creatures turn the dead bodies back into gases and minerals which are again food for the producers at the beginning of the food chain. And so the cycle continues.All of nature is connected and governed by hundreds of these delicate food chains and if a single plant in thechain cannot survive, then the insects that live off the plant start to die and the animals that eat the insects also start to die.When a food chain is disrupted, the consequences can be extremely serious. One estimate suggests that for each plant species that is lost, up to 30 animals and insects may also die out. One wonders how many species were affected by the extinction of the dodo?Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. We've already mentioned hunting but now let's look at travel. When people first started to explore the world they took plant and animal species from their home countries and introduced them wherever they went. They didn't realize that by introducing alien species they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they discovered. Although there are strict rules in place today controlling the import and export of alien species, some places are still fighting the effects of aliens introduced hundreds of years ago.For example, Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean is a breeding ground for albatrosses that have been nesting there for centuries. But in the 19th century, mice from passing ships were brought to the island. Being a species alien to the island, they had no natural predators and have now grown to such a size that they are attacking and killing albatross chicks. If they are allowed to continue, they will wipe out the albatross population.With import laws and people's rising awareness of how humans affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to fit better into the natural food chains that govern our world. Otherwise we need to accept that the loss of any more plants and animals could eventually mean our own extinction.62. What do the first two paragraphs mainly tell us?A. Hunting and habitat destruction lead to extinction.B. Many species of animals and plants are endangered.C. Plants and animals become extinct for the same reasons.D. The main cause of extinction is often a disruption in the natural food chain.63. Which of the following sentence is TRUE according to the passage?A. Strict rules alone can remove the bad effects of alien species.B. Plants, herbivores and carnivores are the three tiers of consumers.C. If a bird becomes extinct, the relevant food chain will be disrupted.D. Animals and plants become extinct because alien species are imported.64. By mentioning the mice in Gough Island, the author intends to highlight ______.A. mice worldwide are growing all the timeB. being aliens, they had no natural predatorsC. some places are still fighting the effects of aliensD. traveling can have disastrous effects on food chains65. What is the best title of the passage?A. Survival of the fittest.B. Endangered animals and plants.C. How to protect the natural environment.D. The link between food chains and extinction.DWhat will higher education look like in 2050? That was the question addressed Tuesday night by Michael Crow,president of Arizona State University.“We’re at the end of the fourth wave of change in higher education,” Crow began, arguing that research universities followed the initial establishment of higher education, public colleges, and land-grant schools in the timeline of America.In less than a half-century, he said, global market competition will be at its fastest rates of change ever, with several multitrillion-dollar economies worldwide. According to a recent projection, the nat ion’s population could reach 435 million, with a large percentage of those residents economically disadvantaged. In addition, climate change will be “meaningfully uncontrollable” in many parts of the world.The everyday trends seen today, such as declining performance of students at all levels, particularly in math and science, and declining wages and employment among the less educated, will only continue, Crow maintained, and are, to say the least, not contributing to fulfilling the dream of climbing the social ladder mobility, quality of life, sustainable environment, and longer life spans that most Americans share.“How is it that we can have these great research universities and have negative-trending outcomes?” Crow said in a talk “I hold the universities accountable. … We are part of the problem.”Among the “things that we do that make the things that we teach less learnable,” Crow said, are the strict separation of disciplines, academic rigidity, and conservatism, the desire of universities to imitate schools at the top of the social ranks, and the lack of the computer system ability that would allow a large number of students to be educated for a small amount of money.Since 2002, when Crow started being in charge at Arizona State —which he calls the “new American university” —he has led more than three dozen initiatives that aim to make the school “inclusive, scalable, fast, adaptive, challenge-focused, and willing to take risks.”Among those initiatives were a restructuring of the engineering and life sciences schools to create more linkages between disciplines; the launch of the School of Earth and Space Exploration and the School of Sustainability; the start of a Teachers College to address K-12 performance and increase the status of the Education Department at the university; and broadened access, increasing the freshman class size by 42 percent and the enrollment of students living below the poverty line by 500 percent.Universities must start, Crow noted, “by becoming self-reflective architects, figuring out what we have and what we actually need instead of what legend tells us we have to be.” Research universities today have “run their course,” he added. “Now is the time for variety.”During a discussion afterward, Crow clarified and expanded on some of his points. He discussed, for example, the school’s distance-learning program. “Nearly 40 percent of undergraduates are taking at least one course online,” he said, which helps the school to keep costs down while advancing interactive learning technologies.He said that Arizona State is working to increase the transfer and completion rates of community-college students, of whom only about 15 percent, historically, complete their later degrees. “We’ve built a system that will allow them to track into universities,” particularly where “culturally complex barriers” beyond finances limit even the most gifted students.66. The fourth wave of change in America’s higher education refers to _______.A. public collegesB. land-grant schoolsC. research universitiesD. initial higher education67. Which is NOT part of the American dream most people share?A. People enjoy a quality life.B. People live longer and longer.C. The freedom to move around.D. An environment that is sustainable.68. Which is an initiative adopted by Crow at Arizona State University?A. Restructuring the teachers College.B. Launching the School of Life Sciences.C. Ignoring the linkages between disciplines.D. Enrolling more students from poor families.69. Which one is similar to the underlined word “architect” in meaning?A. The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession.B. If you want to refurnish the house, consult the architect.C. Deng Xiaoping is one of the architects of the PRC.D. Tom is considered one of the best landscape architect here.70. With the distance-learning program, Arizona State University is able to ______.A. enroll 40% of its students onlineB. keep costs down without a loss of qualityC. provide an even greater number of coursesD. attract the most gifted students all over the world四、任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）The hottest appsIF you’re one of those people who likes to take a look at their phone from time to time, you’re not alone. Using apps has now become part of everyday life. But with so many on the market that claim to be the best, which ones should you download onto your phone to have fun with? Below, four have been picked out for you. Evernote In the world of note taking, Evernote is the king. It allows users to create electronic files such as text, photos, audio, and videos. It also lets you organize your files, tag (标记) them, and search them easily.One of the most useful features on the app, though, is being able to log onto any device with your Evernote account and use your files. The app automatically stores your content in the cloud storage, and syncs (同步) it with your other devices.Another feature that is new in the latest version of the Evernote app is “Places”, which allows you to sort the files, photos, audio or video you have created by the location where you created them.So if you need some organization in your life, Evernote is the app for you.Candy Crush Soda SagaThe original Candy Crush Saga took the world by storm, leaving millions addicted to its endless candy-popping levels.But now there is a new challenge: Candy Crush Soda Saga. The app is similar to the original, but different enough to draw you in with a few new features. The app is still a match-3 game, which means that you have to move a piece of candy until there are three matching ones.。
精品：【全国百强校】海南省海南中学2016届高三下学期考前高考模拟(九)化学试题(原卷版)
海南省海南中学2016届高三下学期考前高考模拟（九）化学试题解析说明：1、考试时间：90 分钟；本卷满分： 1 0 0 分2、请将答案填写在答案卷上，考试结束后只交答案卷。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 S 32 Cl35.5 Fe 56 Cu 64Zn 65 Sn 119第Ⅰ卷(选择题共36分)一、选择题(本题包括6小题，每小题2分，共12分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1．化学在绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展及推进生态文明建设中正发挥着积极作用，下列做法不正确的是A．研制开发燃料电池汽车，降低机动车尾气污染，某种程度可以减少PM2.5污染B．绿色化学的核心是应用化学原理对环境污染进行治理C．铁强化酱油可通过膳食补充人体所需的铁元素D．地沟油由于混有一些对人体有害的杂质而不能食用，可加工制成生物柴油，生物柴油成分与从石油中提取的柴油成分不同2．化学与人类的生活密切相关，下列说法中正确的是A．烧鱼时，先加酒后又加醋，产生香味是因为生成大量的乙酯乙酯B．在鸡蛋清中加入食盐，搅拌均匀,静置后会出现凝聚现象C．纯碱水溶液呈碱性，纯碱属于碱类D．SO2有漂白作用，可用于食材的漂白3．下列关于元素及其化合物的说法正确的是A．Fe 在常温下可与浓硝酸、稀硝酸、浓硫酸剧烈反应B．Al、Cl2均能和NaOH溶液发生氧化还原反应，且两单质的作用相同C．Na久置于空气中，可以与空气中的有关物质发生反应，最终生成Na2CO3粉末D．制备FeCl3、CuCl2固体均可采用将溶液直接蒸干的方法4．下列说法正确的是A．CO(g)的燃烧热：△H=-283.0KJ/ mol，则2CO2(g ) =2CO(g)+O2(g)反应的△H= -55.0KJ/ molB．已知NaOH(aq) +HCl(aq )= NaCl(aq) +H2O(l) △H = -57.30KJ/ mol-1，则含40.0gNaOH的稀溶液与稀醋酸完全中和，放出57.3KJ的热量C．已知2C(s)+2O2(g)=2CO2 (g) △H=a；2C(s)+O2 (g )=2CO(g) △H=b；则a>bD．已知c(石墨，s)= C(金刚石，s) △H>0，则石墨比金刚石稳定5．我国药物化学家屠吆吆用乙醚提取青蒿素，得到具有高效抗疟作用青蒿素，为此获得2015 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的一半授予。
【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2016-2017学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题解析(解析版)
江苏省清江中学2016-2017学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 Na—23 S—32Cl—35.5 Mn—55 Ne—20一、单项选择题（本题23小题，每小题3分，共69分。
请在答题卡上答题）1．下列各组物质中，第一种是酸，第二种是混合物，第三种是碱的是A．空气、硫酸铜、硫酸B．水、空气、纯碱C．氧化铁、胆矾、熟石灰D．硝酸、食盐水、烧碱【答案】D【解析】试题分析：在溶液中电离出的阳离子全部是氢离子的化合物是酸，如果电离出的阴离子全部是OH－，则是碱。
由不同种物质形成的是混合物，所以选项D正确，A中空气是混合物，硫酸铜是盐，硫酸是酸。
B中水是氧化物，纯碱是盐。
C中氧化铁是氧化物，胆矾是盐，熟石灰是碱，答案选D。
考点：物质的分类2．以下互为同位素的是A．金刚石与石墨B．D2与H2C．3517Cl与3717Cl D. CO与CO2【答案】C【解析】试题分析：同位素是指：质子数相同而中子数不同的同一元素的不同原子。
A错，石墨与金刚石为同种元素形成的不同的单质，互为同素异形体；B错，D2和H2是氢元素组成的单质，属于同种物质；C正确，3517Cl 与3717Cl，为氯元素的两种同位素；D错，CO和CO2是碳的两种氧化物；故选C。
考点：同位素3．鉴别下列物质，只能用焰色反应的是A．K2CO3和KCl B．NaCl和Na2CO3C．NaCl和MgCl2D．NaCl和KCl【答案】D【解析】试题分析：金属或者化合物在灼烧产生不同的火焰，这种现象称为焰色反应。
所以氯化钠和氯化钾只能用焰色反应鉴别。
A、B还可以利用盐酸或者稀硫酸鉴别，产生气泡的为K2CO3或Na2CO3，没现象的为KCl或NaCl；C还可以利用氢氧化钠检验，有白色沉淀的为MgCl2，答案选D。
考点：考查焰色反应的应用。
考点：物质的鉴别4．实验室用KClO3分解(MnO2做催化剂)制取氧气，实验后回收剩余固体中的MnO2，正确的操作步骤是A．溶解、过滤、蒸发B．溶解、过滤、洗涤、干燥C．溶解、过滤、结晶D．溶解、结晶、干燥【答案】B【解析】试题分析：加热氯酸钾和二氧化锰的混合物的残余物是可溶性的氯化钾和难溶性的二氧化锰，因此可以通过过滤的方法分离提纯；因此要从反应后的残余物中回收MnO2，可以通过溶解然后过滤的方法得到二氧化锰，然后对二氧化锰进行洗涤后烘干即可得到干燥的二氧化锰，因此经过的操作步骤是溶解、过滤、洗涤、干燥，答案选B。
【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2016届高三上学期周练物理试题(原卷版)
江苏省清江中学2016届高三上学期周练物理试题一、单项选择题1、一辆汽车由静止开始运动，其v-t 图像如图所示，则汽车在0~1s 内和1-3s 内相比A 、位移相等B 、平均速度相等C 、速度变化相同D 、加速度相同2、如图所示，底面粗糙、斜面光滑的斜面体M ，放在粗糙水平地面上，弹簧的一端固定在墙面上，另一端与放在斜面上的物块m 相连，弹簧的轴线与斜面平行。
当物块在斜面上做周期性往复运动时，斜面体保持静止，下列图中能表示地面对斜面体的摩擦力f 随时间t 变化规律的是3、如图所示为一长方体容器，容器内充满NaCl 溶液，容器的左右两壁为导体板，将它们分别接在电源的正、负极上，电路中形成一定的电流，整个装置处于垂直于前后表面的匀强磁场中，则关于液体上、下两表面的电势，下列说法正确的是A 、上表面电势高，下表面电势低B 、上表面电势低，下表面电势高C 、上、下两表面电势一样高D 、上、下两表面电势差的大小与磁感应强度及电流强度的大小有关4、如图所示的闭合电路中，123R R R 、、是固定电阻，4R 是半导体材料做出的光敏电阻，当开关S 闭合后在没有光照射时，电容不带电，当用强光照射4R 时，A 、电容C 上板带正电B 、电容C 下板带正电C 、4R 的阻值变大，路端电压增大D 、4R 的阻值变小，电源总功率变小5、如图所示，匀强电场中有a 、b 、c 三点，在以它们为顶点的三角形中，30,90a c ∠=∠= ，电场方向与三角形所在平面平行，已知a 、b 和c点的电势分别为(4+和4V 。
则该三角形的外接圆上最高电势为A、(6 B、(4+ C、(6+D 、6V 二、多项选择题6、2007年10月24日18时05分，我国成功发射了“嫦娥一号”探月卫星，11月5日进入月球轨道后，经历3次轨道调整，进入工作轨道，若卫星在地球表面的重力为1G ，在月球表面的重力为2G ，已知地球半径为1R ，月球半径为2R ，则A 、月球表面处与地球表面处的重力加速度之比为21G G ； B 、月球的质量与地球的质量之比为212221G R G R ； C； D； 7、质量相同的两个带电粒子P 、Q 以相同的初速度沿垂直于电场方向射入两平行板间的匀强电场中，P 从两极板正中央射入，Q 从下极板边缘处射入。
【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2016届高三考前一周双练冲刺模拟考试(二)数学试题解析(解析版)
一、填空题（本大题共14小题，每题5分，满分70分．）1.已知集合{}{}1,0,1,0,1,2A B =-=，则AB = ． 【答案】{}1,0,1,2-【解析】试题分析：{}{}{}1,0,10,1,21,0,1,2=-=-A B .所以答案应填：{}1,0,1,2-．考点：集合运算．2.复数512i-的实部为 ． 【答案】1考点：复数四则运算．3.某时段内共有100辆汽车经过某一雷达测速区域，将测得的汽车时速绘制成如图所示的频率分布直方图，根据图形推断，该时段时速超过50/km h 的汽车辆数为 ．【答案】77【解析】试题分析：根据频率分布直方图，得时速超过50/km h 的汽车的频率为(0.0390.0280.1)100.77++⨯=； 所以时速超过50/km h 的汽车辆数为 1000.7777⨯=．所以答案应填：77．考点：频率分布直方图．4.“2,k k Z αβπ≠+∈”是“sin sin αβ≠”的 条件（填“充分不必要”“必要不充分”“充要”或“既不充分也不必要”）.【答案】必要不充分【解析】试题分析：“2,k k Z αβπ≠+∈”推不出“sin sin αβ≠”，而“sin sin αβ≠”能推出“2,k k Z αβπ≠+∈”.所以答案应填：必要不充分．考点：简易逻辑．5.一个袋子里装有大小相同的黑球和白球共6个， 已知从袋中任意摸出1个球，得到黑球概率是23，则从袋中任意摸出2个球，至少得到1个白球概率是 ． 【答案】35考点：概率与统计．6.一个算法的流程图如图所示，则输出的S 值为 ．【答案】15【解析】试题分析：通过第一次循环得到1,2==S i ，通过第二次循环得到12,3=+=S i ，通过第三次循环得到 123,4=++=S i ，通过第四次循环得到1234,5=+++=S i ，通过第五次循环得到12345,6=++++=S i ，此时满足判断框中的条件，执行输出，15=S ．所以答案应填：15．考点：程序框图．7.已知公差不为0的等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且523a a =，若65S a λ=，则λ= ．【答案】4考点：等差数列．8.已知正三棱锥的底面边长为2a ，则正三棱锥的体积为 ．3 【解析】试题分析：∵正三棱锥的底面边长为2a 2=a ，可得底面中心到三角形，∴正三棱锥的高2==h a ，所以三棱锥的体积231(2)23=⨯=V a a .3．考点：棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积．9.如果直线()21400,0ax by a b -+=>>和函数()()110,1x f x mm m +=+>≠的图象恒过同一个定点，且该定点始终落在圆()()221225x a y b -+++-=的内部或圆上，那么b a 的取值范围为 ．【答案】34,43⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦考点：直线与圆．【方法点睛】由幂函数求出定点坐标，把定点坐标代入直线和圆的方程求出a 的取值范围，从而求出b a 的取值范围.另一种方法：联立直线方程7+=a b 和圆的方程2225+=a b 解得它们的两个交点(3,4),(4,3)A B ，根据题意可知点(,)a b 在直线与圆的相交弦上，即在线段AB 上， b a的几何意义为点(,)a b 与原点连线的斜率，而43,34==OA OB k k ，所以b a 的取值范围为34,43⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦．本题考查过定点问题，点与圆的位置关系，考查学生解决分析问题的能力，考查不等式，属于中档题.10.等腰直角三角形ABC 中，90,2,A AB AC D =︒==是斜边BC 上一点，且3BD DC =，则()AD AB AC += ．【答案】4【解析】试题分析：因为,0⊥∴⋅=AB AC AB AC ，而1113()4444=+=+=+-=+AD AC CD AC CB AC AB AC AB AC ， 2222131313()()()224444444∴+=++=+=⨯+⨯=AD AB AC AB AC AB AC AB AC .所以答案应填：4．考点：平面向量数量积的运算．【方法点睛】欲求()+AD AB AC 的值的关键是选,AB AC 为一组基底，用,AB AC 表述出AD ，代入数量积进行运算.另一种方法：以A 为原点，分别以,AB AC 为,x y 轴，建立直角坐标系，则(0,0),(2,0),(0,2)A B C ,所以(2,0),(0,2),(2,2),==+=AB AC AB AC ，由3BD DC =知1313(,),(,)2222=D AD ，所以()1322422+=⨯+⨯=AD AB AC .本题考查平面向量的数量积的运算，属于基础题.11.曲线()()()22ln 12f x f x f x x '=-+在点()()1,1f 处的切线方程为 ． 【答案】17160x y --=考点：利用导数研究曲线上某点的切线．【方法点睛】曲线的切线的求法：（1）若已知曲线过点00(,)P x y ，求曲线的切线则需分点00(,)P x y )是切点和不是切点两种情况求解．①点00(,)P x y 是切点的切线方程000()()'-=-y y f x x x )．②当点00(,)P x y 不是切点时可分以下几步完成：第一步：设出切点坐标11(,())'P x f x ；第二步：写出过11(,())'P x f x 的切线方程为111()()()'-=-y f x f x x x .本题考查曲线切线方程的求法、导数的几何意义和计算能力，属于基础题.12. 已知,,x y z 均为正数，则2222xy yz x y z +++的最大值是 ．考点：基本不等式．13.定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足：()21f =，且对于任意的x R ∈，都有()13f x '<，则不等式()22log 1log 3x f x +>的解集为 ． 【答案】()0,4【解析】 试题分析：设1()()3g x f x x =-，∵()13f x '<，∴1()()03g x f x ''=-<，∴()g x 在R 上为减函数，又()21f =，()222log 111log log 333+>=+x f x x ，即()()2222111log log log (2)(2)2(2)(log 4)333=->==-⨯==g x f x x g f g g ，22log log 4∴>x ．∴04<<x ，故不等式的解集为()0,4.所以答案应填：()0,4．考点：1、函数的单调性与导数的关系；2、不等式的解法．【思路点晴】构造函数1()()3g x f x x =-是关键，由于()13f x '<，得到1()()03g x f x ''=-<，得到()g x 在R 上为减函数，将所求不等式变形后，利用()g x 为减函数求出x 的范围，即为所求不等式的解集．此题考查了不等式的解法，是一道综合性较强的试题，涉及的知识有：利用导数研究函数的增减性，对数函数的单调性及特殊点，以及对数的运算性质．14.正项等比数列{}n a 中，118a =，前(,m m N m ∈为常数) 项的乘积是8m ，若从前m 项中，抽出一项后，余下的1m -项的乘积是(1m -，则抽出的是第 项.【答案】13考点：等比数列的性质．【思路点晴】根据等比数列的通项公式11-=n n a a q ，将条件前(,m m N m ∈为常数) 项的乘积是8m 进行整理，建立方程关系(1)228-=m m m q ，得出418-=m q ，再假设抽掉的是k a，抽掉一项后得5(1)11268--==m m m k a a a a ，推出11168+-=m k q ，消去q 后可得出(1)(11)1124-+-=≤-m m k m ，在进行验证即可得到结论．本题主要考查等比数列的通项公式的应用，考查学生的计算能力，综合性较强，运算量较大．二、解答题（本大题共6小题，共90分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.）15.（本小题满分14分）设平面向量()()sin ,cos ,3,1a x x b ==-. （1）若a b ⊥，求tan 24x π⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的值； （2）若[]0,x π∈，求a b-的取值范围.【答案】（1）2--；（2）⎡⎣. 【解析】试题分析：（1）先利用向量数量积的坐标表示求出a b ，利用商数关系求出tan x 得值，再利用二倍角公式求出tan 2x 的值，最后代入到tan 24π⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭x 的展开式即可求得；（2）欲求a b -，先求出2-a b 54sin 6x π⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭，再根据[]0,x π∈求sin 6π⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭x 的范围，从而可得a b -的取值范围.考点：1、向量数量积的坐标表示；2、二倍角公式；3、三角函数；4、商数关系；5、向量的模．16.（本小题满分14分） 已知在如图的多面体中，AE ⊥底1,////,2,22======BEFC AD EF BC CF BE AD EF BC AE ， G 是BC 的中点.（1）求证：//AB 平面DEG ；（2）求证：EG ⊥平面BDF .【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）证明见解析.考点：1、线面平行的判定；2、线面垂直的判定．17.（本小题满分14分）学校食堂改建一个开水房，计划用电炉或煤炭烧水，但用煤时也要用电鼓风及时排气，用煤烧开水每吨开水费为S 元，用电炉烧开水每吨开水费为P 元，50.25,10.2=++=+S x y P y .其中x 为 毎吨煤的价格，y 为每百度电的价格，如果烧煤时的费用不超过用电炉时的费用，则仍用原备的锅炉使 用煤炭烧水，否则就用电炉烧水.（1）如果两种方法烧水费用相同，试将每吨煤的价格表示为每百度电价的函数；（2）如果每百度电价不低于60元，则用煤烧水时每吨煤的最高价是多少？【答案】（1）()21076x y y =+-<≤；（2）153.答：每吨煤的最高价为153元.考点：1、函数模型的选择与应用；2、二次函数的性质．【思路点晴】本题考查的知识点是函数模型的选择与应用，二次函数的性质，其中（1）的关键是由两种方法烧水费用相同，即=S P ，得到两个变量的关系式，表示出x ，但要注意定义域；（2）的关键是利用换元法将函数的解析式()21076x y y =+<≤，化为二次型函数的形式)221153=-+x ，进而根据二次型函数的图象与性质，即可得到答案，解答时要注意实际情况对自变量x 的取值范围的限制．18.（本小题满分16分） 如图，已知椭圆()222210x y a b a b+=>>的左、右焦点为()()121,0,1,0,F F P -为椭圆上一点，Q 为椭圆 上顶点，M 在1PF 上，122,F M MP PO F M =⊥.（1）求当离心率12e =时的椭圆方程； （2）求满足题设要求的椭圆离心率的取值范围；（3）当椭圆离心率最小时，若过0,⎛ ⎝的直线l 与椭圆交于,A B (不同于点Q )两点，试问：AQB ∠是 否为定值？并给出证明.【答案】（1）22143x y +=；（2）1,12e ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭；（3）AQB ∠恒为直角，证明见解析.②-①得222244,PF c PF c ==.因为2a c PF a c -≤≤+，所以2a c ≤，即12c e a =≥，又01e <<，所以1,12e ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭.考点：1、直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系；2、椭圆的几何性质． 19.（本小题满分16分）已知函数()()()2222()20,f x x a a a x a R x=-+-+->∈. （1）当1a =时，求函数()f x 的最小值；（2）若函数()f x 有四个不同的零点，求a 的取值范围.【答案】（1）7-（2）a >. 【解析】试题分析：（1）1a =时，化简()2212⎛⎫=+-- ⎪⎝⎭f x x x ，把2+x x 看作一个整体，利用基本不等式求出范围，作为函数()()212=--f x t 的定义域，从而求得函数的最小值；（2）若函数()f x 有4个不同的零点，则()f x '一定有3个不同的零点，从而建立关于a 的不等式组，求得a 的取值范围.试题解析：(1)1a = 时，()()222222221112112f x x x x x x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+-+=+-+-=+-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,因为0x >,所以()27x f x x+≥≥-当x =()f x 取到最小值7-考点：1、函数最值；2、基本不等式；3、利用导数求极值；4、函数的零点． 20.（本小题满分12分）从数列{}n a 中取出部分项，并将它们按原来的顺序组成一个数列，称之为数列{}n a 的一个子数列，已知 无穷等比数列{}n a 的公比为q . （1）若142,16a a ==. ①求数列{}n a 的通项公式；②若35,a a 分别为等差数列{}n b 的第3项和第5项，试求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n S .（2）证明：当1q ≠±时，数列{}n a 不存在无穷等差子数列.【答案】（1）① 2nn a =，②()2116126222n n n S n n n -=-+⨯=-；（2）证明见解析.(ⅰ) 若1q >，则1nq >，取()11log 1k qd n a q >+-，则()11log 1k qd n a q ->-，即()111k n d qa q ->-，从11111111111k k k k k k n n n n n n a a a qa q a qq a q++----+-=-=-≥1k a -()1,q d ->这与{}k n a 是公差为d 的等差数列相矛盾 （ⅱ）若1q <，则1nq <，取()11log 1k qd n a q <+-，则()11log 1k qd n a q -<-，即()111k n d qa q -<-，从11111111111k k k k k k n n n n n n a a a qa q a qq a q++----+-=-=-≤1k a -()1,q d -<这与{}k n a 是公差为d 的等差数列相矛盾.综上，当1q ≠±时，数列{}n a 不存在无穷等差子数列. 考点：1、等差数列；2、等比数列；3、反证法；4、不等式的解法及应用．数学附加题 (二)21.(选做题) 在A 、B 、C 、D 四小题中只能选做2题，每小题10分，共20分. 解答应写出文字说明、 证明过程或演算步骤.A.[选修4-1：几何证明选讲]（本小题满 分10分）如图，在ABC ∆中，D 是AC 的中点，E 是BD 的中点，AE 的延长线交BC 于F . （1）求BFFC的值； （2）若BEF ∆的面积为1S ，四边形CDEF 的面积为2S ，求12:S S 的值.【答案】（1）12；（2）1:5.(2) 若BEF ∆以BF 为底，BDC ∆以BC 为底，则由(1) 知:1:3BF BC =……………………7分 又由:1:2BE BD =可知12:1:2h h =其中1h 、2h 分别为BEF ∆和BDC ∆的高 则111326BEF BDC S S ∆∆=⨯=，则12:1:5S S =.………………………………………………………………10分 考点：1、平行线分线段成比例；2、全等三角形的性质；3、三角形的面积． B.[选修4-2：矩阵与变换]（本小题满分10分）已知曲线:1C xy =，将曲线C 绕坐标原点逆时针旋转45︒后，求得到的曲线C '的方程. 【答案】222y x -=.考点：旋转变换．C.[选修4-4 ；坐标系与参数方程]（本小题满分10分）在极坐标系中，已知圆C 的方程是4ρ=，直线l 的方程是sin 36πρθ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭，求圆C 上一点到直线l 的 距离的最大值.【答案】7.考点：1、极坐标；2、点到直线的距离公式；3、直线与圆的位置关系． 【方法点晴】圆C 的方程是4ρ=化为2216x y +=，直线l 的方程是sin coscos sin366ππρθρθ+=化为60y +-=，在求出圆心到直线的距离，再将此距离加上半径，极为所求.极坐标方程与直角坐标方程的互化方法：（1）互化条件：极点与原点重合，极轴与x 轴正半轴重合，长度单位相同.（2）互化公式：⎩⎨⎧==θρθρsin cos y x 或 ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≠=+=)0(tan 222x x yy x θρ其中θ的象限由点(,)x y 所在的象限确定.本题主要考查把极坐标方程化为直角坐标方程的方法，考查点到直线的距离公式和直线与圆的位置关系，属于基础题． D.[选修4-5：不等式选讲]（本小题满分10分）设,.x y z 为正数，求证：()()()()3332222x y z x y z y x z z x y ++≥+++++. 【答案】证明见解析. 【解析】试题分析：（1）利用重要不等式2220x y xy +≥≥和立方和公式，得到三个同向不等式，三式相加即可. 试题解析：因为2220x y xy +≥≥，……………………………………………………………1分 所以()()()3322x y x y x xy y xy x y +=+-+≥+.………………………………………4分 同理()()3333,y z yz y z z x zx z x +≥++≥+，………………………………………………5分三式相加即可得()()()()3332x y z xy x y yz y z zx z x ++≥+++++………………………7分 又因为()()()()()()222xy x y yz y z zx z x xy z y x z z x y +++++=+++++，()()()()3332222x y z x y z y x z z x y ++≥+++++.………………………………………………10分考点：1、不等式的性质；2、立方和公式；3、重要不等式．【必做题】第22题、第23题每题10分，共计20分，请在答题卡指定区域作答，解答时应写出文字说明、 证明过程或演算步骤. 22.（本小题满分10分）设顶点在原点，焦点在x 轴上的拋物线过点()2,4P ，过P 作抛物线的动弦,PA PB ，并设它们的斜率分 别为,PA PB k k . （1）求拋物线的方程；（2）若0PA PB k k +=，求证：直线AB 的斜率为定值，并求出其值； （3）若1PA PB k k =，求证：直线AB 恒过定点，并求出其坐标.【答案】（1）28y x =；（2）证明见解析，1-；（3）证明见解析，()6,4--.考点：1、抛物线；2、直线与方程；3、直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系． 23.（本小题满分10分）已知M 是不小于2的整数，将分别写有0,1,2,…，1M -的卡各一张放入一个箱子中，若从这个箱子中 随机取出一张卡，记下卡上所写数字后将卡放回箱子中，这样的试验进行n 次，所得的n 个数字的和为偶 数的概率为n P . （1）求2M =，求n P ； （2）当3M =时，求12,,n P P P ； （3）当M 为偶数、奇数时，分别求n P ．【答案】（1）12；（2）1225,39==P P ，111232n n P ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭；（3）11122nn P M ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭.【解析】试题分析：（1）当2M =时，有0,1两种卡，112P =，由()11111222n n n P P P +=+-=推出12=n P ．（2）当3=M 时，有0,1,2三种卡， ()12112215,13339P P P P ==+-=，由1111232+⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭n n P P 推出考点：列举法计算基本事件数及事件发生的概率．：。
【全国百强校】江苏省清江中学2016-2017学年高二上学期期中考试化学(选修)试题解析(解析版)
时间：75分钟满分：120分可能用到的相对原子量：H-1C-12O-16Mg-24Al-27Zn-65Fe-56Cu-64第Ⅰ卷 (共62分)单项选择题（本题10小题，每小题3分,共计30分.每小题只有1个选项符合题意）1．化学与科学、技术、社会和环境密切相关。
下列有关说法中错误．．的是A. 对工业废水、生活污水净化处理，减少污染物的排放B．采用碳捕集和储存技术，逐步实现二氧化碳的零排放C．工业上现在大规模采用电解熔融AlCl3制取AlD．催化处理汽车尾气，减轻氮氧化物污染和光化学烟雾【答案】C考点：考查环境保护及可持续发展的相关知识2.下列表达方式正确的是A．CO2分子的比例模型B. S2－的结构示意图：B．质子数为53，中子数为78的碘原子：7853I D．HClO的结构式：H－O－Cl【答案】D【解析】试题分析：A、碳原子半径大于氧原子半径，比例模型不正确，A错误；B、硫离子的核外电子数是18，结B 错误；C 、质子数为53，中子数为78的碘原子可表示为13153I ，C 错误；D 、HClO 的结构式为H －O －Cl ，D 正确，答案选D 。
【考点定位】考查化学用语正误判断【名师点晴】常见的化学用语主要包括元素符号、化学式、化合价、电子式、原子结构示意图、结构式、结构简式以及方程式和各种模型等，需要熟练记住。
选项D 是易错点，注意掌握次氯酸的电子式。
3．下列反应既是氧化还原反应，又是吸热反应的是A ．灼热的炭与CO 2反应B ．铝片与稀硫酸反应C ．Ba (OH )2·8H 2O 与NH 4Cl 的反应D ．甲烷在O 2中的燃烧【答案】A 考点：考查氧化还原反应以及放热反应和吸热反应判断4．用铁片与稀硫酸反应制取氢气时，下列措施不能．．使氢气生成速率加大的是 A ．加热 B ．滴加少量CuSO 4溶液C ．加入硝酸钠固体D ．不用铁片，改用铁屑【答案】C【解析】试题分析：A ．加热温度升高，反应速率加快。
【百强校】2016届江苏省清江中学高三考前一周冲刺模拟二物理试卷(带解析)
绝密★启用前【百强校】2016届江苏省清江中学高三考前一周冲刺模拟二物理试卷（带解析）试卷副标题考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：92分钟；命题人：xxx学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________注意事项．1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）一、选择题（题型注释）1、一个质子以的速度撞入一个静止的铝原子核后被俘获，铝原子核变为硅原子核，已知铝核的质量是质子的27倍，硅核的质量是质子的28倍，则下列判断中正确的是（ ） A ．核反应方程为：B ．核反应方程为：C ．硅原子核速度的数量级为，方向跟质子的初速度方向一致D ．硅原子核速度的数量级为，方向跟质子的初速度方向一致2、关于光的偏振现象，下列说法中正确的是（ ） A ．偏振光沿各个方向振动的光波的强度都相同B ．自然光在水面反射时，反射光和折射光都是一定程度的偏振光试卷第2页，共10页C ．光的偏振现象说明光是一种纵波D ．照相机镜头表面的镀膜是光的偏振现象的应用3、下列叙述正确的是（ ）A ．布朗运动是液体分子的的运动，所以它能说明分子永不停息地做无规则运动B ．分子间的距离增大，分子间的作用力做负功，分子势能增大C ．自然界中与热现象有关的自发的能量转化过程具有方向性，虽然总能量守恒，但能量品质在退化D ．相同质量的两种气体，温度相同时内能也相同4、如图所示，两光滑平行导轨水平放置在匀强磁场中，磁场垂直导轨在平面，金属棒可沿导轨自由滑行，导轨一端跨接一个定值电阻R ，导轨电阻不计。
现将金属棒沿导轨由静止向右拉，若保持拉力F 恒定，经时间后速度为，加速度为，最终以速度做匀速运动；若保持拉力的功率P 恒定，棒由静止经时间后速度为，加速度为，最终也以速度做匀速运动，则（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．5、如图所示，甲、乙两球质量相等，悬线，两悬点处于同一水平面上，如将悬线拉到水平位置，再无初速度释放，则在小球通过最低点时，下列说法中正确的是（不计空气阻力）（ ）A ．甲球机械能等于乙球机械能B ．甲球角速度等于乙球角速度C ．甲球对悬线的拉力等于乙球对悬线的拉力D ．甲球的向心加速度等于乙球的向心加速度6、在某控制电路中，需要连成如图所示的电路，主要由电动势为E 、内阻为的电源与定值定阻、及电位器（滑动变阻器）R 连接而成，、是红绿两个指示灯，当电位器的触头由弧形碳膜的中点逆时针滑向a 端时，下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．、两个指示灯都变亮B ．、两个指示灯都变暗C ．变亮，变暗D ．两端电压增大7、如图所示，质量相同的木块A ．B 用轻弹簧连接置于光滑的水平面上，开始弹簧处于自然状态，现用水平恒力F 推木块A ，则从开始到弹簧第一次被压缩到最短的过程中，以下说法正确的是（ ）A ．两木块速度相同时，加速度B ．两木块速度相同时，加速度C ．两木块加速度相同时，速度D ．两木块加速度相同时，速度8、如图，地球赤道上山丘，近地卫星和同步通信卫星均在赤道平面上绕地心做匀速圆周运动，设、、的圆周运动速率分别为、、，向心加速度分别为、、试卷第4页，共10页，则（）A ．B ．C ．D ．9、轴上有两点电荷和，和之间各点对应的电势高低如图中曲线所示，从图中可看出下列说法错误的是（）A ．一定大于B ．和一定是同种电荷，但不一定是正电荷C ．电势最低处P 点的电场强度为零D ．和之间各点的电场方向都指向P 点10、一个带负电荷，质量为的小球，从光滑绝缘的斜面轨道的A 点由静止下滑，小球恰能通过半径为R 的竖直圆形轨道的最高点B 而做圆周运动，现在竖直方向上加如图所示的匀强电场，若仍从A 点由静止释放该小球，则（ ）A ．小球不能过B 点 B ．小球仍恰好能过B 点C ．小球能过B 点，且在B 点与轨道之间压力不为零D ．以上说法都不对11、如图所示，石拱桥的正中央有一质量为的对称楔形石块，侧面与竖直方向的夹角为，重力加速度为，若接触面间的摩擦力忽略不计，则石块侧面所受弹力的大小为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．12、如图所示，木块B 上表面是水平的，木块A 置于B 上，一起以某一初速度沿光滑斜面向上冲，上冲过程中A 与B 保持相对静止，在向上运动的过程中（ ）A ．因AB 的运动情况相同所以相互间没有摩擦力 B ．木块A 处于超重状态C ．A 的机械能不发生变化D ．A 对B 做负功试卷第6页，共10页第II 卷（非选择题）二、填空题（题型注释）13、某光源能发出波长为的可见光，用它照射某金属能发生光电效应，产生光电子的最大初动能为。
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江苏省清江中学2016届高三下学期考前练习 化学试题 说明：可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 S 32 Cl35.5 Fe 56 Cu 64 Ne 20 Na 23 Mg 24 K 39 Al 27 Ca 40 第Ⅰ卷(选择题共40分) 一、选择题(本题包括10小题，每小题2分，共20分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意) 1．化学与材料、能源、环境等密切联系。下列说法不正确的是 A．研发光电转换材料，充分利用太阳能 B．包装材料聚氯乙烯属于烃，会造成环境污染 C．用石灰对煤燃烧形成的烟气脱硫，并回收石膏 D．研发高效生物生长调节剂，减少对化肥的使用 2．下列有关化学用语正确的是 A．中子数为18的硫原子：3416S
B．氨分子的电子式： C．苯乙酸钠的结构简式： D．H2SO3的电离方程式：H2SO3⇌2H++SO32 3．下列说法不正确的是 A．分子式为C2H4O2的有机物不一定有酸性 B．当物质中的化学键发生断裂时，一定发生化学变化
C．等质量的Al分别按a、b两种途径完全转化，途径a比途径b产生的H2
D．只由一种元素的阳离子与另一种元素的阴离子组成的物质不一定是纯净物 4．工业上常利用铝粉和氧化铁反应来焊接铁轨。下列说法正确的是 A．氧化铝、氧化铁均为两性氧化物 B．氧化铝中的微粒半径：r(Al3+)＞r(O2-) C．在该反应中，铝的还原性强于铁的还原性 D．1mol 氧化铁参加反应转移电子数约为4×6.02×1023 5．短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，它们原子的最外层电子数之和为19。Y原子的电 子层数与最外层电子数的比等于1/3，Z原子最外层电子数与内层电子数的比为1:10。下列说法正确的是 A．非金属性：Y＜X＜W B．简单气态氢化物的热稳定性：Y＜X C．化合物ZW、XY中化学键类型相同 D．X、W的最高价氧化物的水化物均为强酸 6．常温下，下列各组离子在指定溶液中一定能大量共存的是 A．使酚酞呈红色的溶液：Na+、NO3-、Ba2+、Br- B．加水稀释pH减小的溶液：K+、Al3+、Cl-、CH3COO- C．含有大量Fe(NO3)2的溶液：NH4+、H+、SO42-、I- D．c(OH-)＜ 的溶液：ClO-、NO3-、Na+、Ca2+ 7．下列实验操作不正确的是
A．焰色反应实验时，在蘸取待测溶液，先用稀盐酸洗净铂丝并灼烧至无色 B．将2.5gCuSO4•5H2O溶于水配成100.0mL溶液，得到0.1mol•L-1硫酸铜溶液 C．用装置甲吸收SO2 D．用装置乙制取无水MgCl2 8．给定条件下，下列选项中所示的物质间转化均能通过一步反应实现的是
A．MgC 浓硫酸 △ SO3 B．0.1mol•L-1HClCl2 Ca(ClO)2(aq) C．NaCl饱和溶液NaHCO3 △ Na2CO3 D．淀粉溶液 浓硫酸 △ 葡萄糖Cu2O 9．下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是 A．氨水溶解氯化银沉淀：AgCl+2NH3•H2O=[Ag(NH3)2]++Cl-+2H2O B．CH3COOH溶液除去水垢中的CaCO3：CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++H2O+CO2↑
C．酸性K2Cr2O7溶液氧化双氧水：Cr2O72-+8H++5H2O2=2 Cr3++4O2↑+9H2O D．将NaHSO4与Ba(OH)2溶液混合至中性：H++SO42-+Ba2++OH-=BaSO4↓+H2O 10．以N2和H2为反应物、溶有A的稀盐酸为电解质溶液，可制成固氮的新型燃料电池。原理如图所示， 下列说法不正确的是
A．b电极为负极，发生氧化反应 B．a电极发生的反应为N2+8H++6e-=2NH4+ C．A溶液中所含溶质为NH4Cl D．当反应消耗1molN2时，则消耗的H2为67.2L 二、不定项选择题：包括5小题，每小题4分，共20分，每小题有一个或二个选项符合题意； 11．下列说法正确的是 A．反应3NO2(g)+H2O(l)=2HNO3(l)+NO(g)在窒温下可自发进行，则该反应的△H＜0 B．在铜的电解精炼过程中，若转移1mol电子，则阳极溶解32gCu C．常温下向CuS的悬浊液中加入饱和MnSO4溶液可生成MnS沉淀，则Ksp(MnS))＜Ksp(CuS) D．常温下用0.1mol/LNaOH溶液分别滴定相同物质的量浓度和相同体积的盐酸和醋酸，其中实线(如右图)表示的是滴定盐酸的曲线
12．由物质X合成己烯雌酚Y的一种路线如下： 下列叙述正确的是( ) A．化合物x中不含有手性碳原子 B．1mol化合物Y与浓溴水反应，最多消耗5molBr2 C．在一定条件下化合物Y能发生加聚反应、缩聚反应 D．在氢氧化钠水溶液中加热，化合物X能发生消去反应 13．下列实验操作、现象与结论对应关系正确的是 选项 操作 现象 结论
A 将Fe(NO3)2溶于稀H2SO4后，滴加KSCN溶液 溶液变成红色 Fe(NO3)2中一定含Fe3+
B 从煤油中取出一小块钠，用滤纸擦净表面的煤油，放入无水乙醇中 产生气泡 Na能置换出醇羟基中的氢
C 将某气体通入品红溶液 溶液褪色 气体一定是SO2
D 向NaAlO2溶液中滴入NaHCO3溶液 产生白色沉淀
AlO2－结合H+的能力比CO3－强
14．常温下，下列溶液中微粒的物质的量浓度关系一定正确的是 A．NaHCO3溶液中：c(H+) +c(H2CO3)＝2c(CO32－) +c(OH－) B．向0.1 mol·L－1的NH4Cl溶液中通入一定量的NH3后：c(Cl－)＞c(NH4+)＞c(OH－)＞c(H+)
C．向CH3COOH溶液中滴加NaOH使pH＞7溶液中：c(Na+)＞c(CH3COO－)＞c(OH－)＞c(H+) D．0.3 mol·L－1的 HY溶液与0.3 mol·L－1的NaOH溶液等体积混合后所得pH＝9的溶液中：c(OH－)－c(HY)＝c(H+)＝1×10－9 mol·L－1 15．在某温度下，向三个初始体积均为1L的密闭容器中按下表所示投料，发生反应： 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) △H＜0。达到平衡进，下列说法正确的是
容器编号 容器类型 起始物质的量/mol 平衡时SO3的物
质的量/mol SO2 O2 SO3
Ⅰ 恒温恒容 2 1 0 1.2 Ⅱ 绝热恒容 0 0 2 a Ⅲ 恒温恒压 2 1 0 b A．平衡时SO3的物质的量：a＞1.2、b＞1.2 B．容器Ⅱ、Ⅲ中平衡常数相同 C．容器 I中SO2的转化率与容器Ⅱ中SO3的转化率之和小于1 D．若起始时向容器Ⅰ中充入1.0mol SO2 (g)、0.40mol O2(g)和1.40mol SO3 (g)，则此时ν正＜ν逆 第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共80分) 16．(12分)从含铜丰富的自然资源黄铜矿(CuFeS2)冶练铜的工艺流程如下：
已知：CuFeS2 + 3CuCl2＝4CuCl↓ + FeCl2 + 2S↓ （1）浸取时，若改用FeCl3溶液，也能生成CuCl和S，该反应化学方程式为 。 （2）若过滤1所得滤液中只含FeCl2，则将其在空气中加热蒸干、灼烧后，所得固体的化学式为 。 （3）调节溶液的pH后，除生成Cu外，还能产生一种金属离子，此金属离子是 。(填离子符号) （4）过滤3所得滤液中可以循环使用的物质有 ，为保持流程持续循环，每生成1molCu，理论上需补充CuCl2的物质的量为 。 （5）冶炼工艺还可以将精选后的黄铜矿砂与空气在高温下煅烧，使其转变为铜，化学方程式为：
6CuFeS2+13O2 高温 3Cu2S+2Fe3O4+9SO2 Cu2S+O2 高温 2Cu+SO2 此工艺与前一工艺相比主要缺点有 。 17．(15分)解草酯是一种安全除草剂，可以通过以下方法合成：
（1）化合物D中的含氧官能团的名称为_________和__________。 （2）化合物B的结构简式为__________；由C→D的反应类型是__________。 （3）写出同时满足下列条件的C的一种同分异构体的结构简式________________； Ⅰ．能发生银镜反应 Ⅱ．分子含有1个苯环，苯环上含有硝基 Ⅲ．分子中含有4种不同化学环境的氢
（4）已知：CH3CHOClCH2CHO 请写出以苯酚和丙醛为原料制备高分子化合物X(结构简式见图)的合成路线流程(无机试剂可任选)，合成路线流程图示例如下： 考查有机物的合成、官能团结构、有机反应类型、限制条件同分异构体书写等。 18．(12分)以NaCl等为原料制备KClO4的过程如下：
①在无隔膜、微酸性条件下，发生反应：NaCl+H2O 电解 NaClO3+H2↑(未配平)
②在NaClO3溶液中加入KCl发生复分解反应，降温结晶，得KClO3。 ③一定条件下反应：4KClO3 高温 3KClO4+KCl，将产物分离得到KClO4。 （1）电解时，产生质量为2.13g NaClO3，同时得到H2的体积为 L(标准状况)。 （2）向NaClO3溶液中加入KCl能得到KClO3的原因是 。 （3）该过程制得的KClO4样品中含少量KCl杂质，为测定产品纯度进行如下实验： 准确称取5.689g样品溶于水中，配成250mL溶液，从中取出25.00mL于锥形瓶中，加入适量葡萄糖，加热使ClO4-全部转化为Cl-(反应为：3 KClO4 +C6H12O6 ═ 6 H2O + 6 CO2↑ + 3 KCl)，加入少量K2CrO4溶液作指示剂，用0.20mol/L AgNO3溶液进行滴定至终点，消耗AgNO3溶液体积21.00mL。滴定达到终点时，产生砖红色Ag2CrO4沉淀。 ① 已知： Ksp(AgCl)＝1.8×10－10，Ksp(Ag2CrO4)＝1.1×10－12，若c(CrO42－)＝1.1×10-4mol/L，则此时c(Cl－)＝ mol/L。
② 计算KClO4样品的纯度(请写出计算过程。)