雅思写作之状语从句

雅思基础写作第四讲动词与非谓语动词

动词概况

定义：

表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。

可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词：

We are having a meeting.

He has gone to New York.

分类：

1.实义动词--- play, eat, murder, investigate

2.系动词

本身有词义，系动词后面必须接表语，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。

be;

seem, look, appear;

remain, keep, stay;

feel, smell, sound, look;

become, turn, grow, fall;

prove, turn out

翻译：

这谣言证明有假。

他开会时总是保持沉默。

他看起来很生气。

这花闻起来很香。

他梦想成为一名保安。

3.助动词---be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用：He doesn't like English.

助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. He is singing.

He has got married.

b. He was sent to England.

c. Did you study English before you came here?

d. I don't like him.

e. Do come to the party tomorrow evening.

He did know that.

4.情态动词---must, need, can, may, should, dare , ought to, have to

情态动词用法？

Exercise: find all the verbs that are contained in the following passage.

A good chess player

A man went to visit a friend and was amazed to find him playing chess with his dog. He watched the game in astonishment for a while. "I can hardly believe my eyes!" he exclaimed. "That's the smartest dog I've ever seen."

"Nah, he's not so smart," the friend replied. "I've beaten him three games out of five."

非謂語動词：讓句子簡潔有力

定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

比较：

John killed Jack.

Having killed Jack, John dismembered the body and threw them about into the river.

形式:

不定式---

动名词—

分词---

动名词

作主语、表语和宾语。

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

Her job is taking care of the children.

Would you mind (turning, to turn) down your radio a little, please? (V+-ing)

On hearing the news, he can’t help crying out. / burst out crying. (phrase+-ing)

以下这些短语接动名词作宾语：

Object to, look forward to, be used to, prefer…to…, devote oneself to…, can’t help, set about. 翻译：

解决环境问题的另一个方法是禁止一次性产品。(disposable products)

Another solution to ______________ is _____________________.

他盼望有一天能穿上的确良衬衫。(Dacron)

He looks forward _______________________ a Dacron shirt.

吃肉也增加患心脏病的危险。

__________ also increases the risk of heart diseases.

不定式

1.作主語，常用it作形式主語

To err is human, to forgive is divine. 人非圣贤，孰能无过。

It is unwise to demolish those precious antique buildings.

2.作表語

His dream is to be a doctor.

3.宾语

The Financial Minister promised to revive the domestic economy in the near future.

4.补语

基本形式：动词 + 宾语 + 不定式

tell/ask sb. to do sth.

被动形式：be + 动词被动式 + 不定式

We believe him to be guilty. = He is believed to be guilty.

5.状语

I come here to say good-bye to you.

To make final success, you have to make great efforts.

翻译：

我打算讨论一下克隆技术的利弊。

I intend __________ the pros and cons of _____________.

卖油条是一项很有前途的职业；即使总理不付钱，也不卖给他吃！(oily stick)

_________ is a very _____ profession, and even the president cannot eat the sticks unless ___ ______.

为了保护生态平衡，我们应该尽力避免破坏自然栖息地。(natural habitat)

_____________, we should try to ______________ natural habitats.

海外留学背景令我们比别人具有优势。

An overseas study background enables us ____________________________.

I'll use my seeing eye dog

A blind man with a seeing eye dog at his side walks into a grocery store. The man walks to the middle of the store, picks up the dog by the tail, and starts swinging the dog around in circles over his head.

The store manager, who has seen all this, thinks this is quite strange. So, he decides to find out what's going on. The store manager approaches the blind man swinging the dog and says, "Pardon me. May I help you with something."

The blind man says, "No thanks. I'm just looking around."

分词

分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征。

分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。

比较：

Looking into the distance, he was at a loss what to do next.

Dumped by his girlfriend, he decided to commit auto-cide.

現在分词：主动；进行

過去分词：被动；完成