八年级下册英语(苏教版八年级)8BU1 Grammar语言点

8BU1 Grammar语言点

一．现在完成时的主要用法

（一）表示动作开始于过去并持续到现在,常与since, for, recently, so far, since…ago, over/in/ during the past years等连用。

（二）. 表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响或结果,常与already, yet, just, ever, never, before连用。（三）. 表示动作直到现在有多少次了. 常与once, twice, many times, how many times连用

二．现在完成时的基本句型

①陈述句肯定形式。主语+ have/has+ 过去分词+其它

I have had lunch. 已经吃过午饭了。He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。

②陈述句否定形式。主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词+…（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t）

I haven’t had lunch. 我还没吃午饭He ha sn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。

③一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋…?（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号）肯定回答：Yes , 主语＋have/has. 否定回答：No , 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t.

－Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了吗？－Yes, he has ./ No, he hasn’t.

④特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句）特词+ have/has+主语＋过去分词＋…？

Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？

练习： 1.They have finished their homework. (改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答)

2.Mr. and Mrs. Li have come back.(改为否定句)

3.John has played this computer game a few times.(改为否定句)

4.We have seen that film. (改为一般疑问句，并做否定回答)

5.Mr. Dong has repaired over ten bikes since last Monday. (改为否定句)

三．过去分词的构成

规则变化1、直接加–ed looked watched 2、以不发音的e结尾的，加–d changed moved

3、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，加-ed studied carried

4、重读闭音节，一元加一辅，双写辅音字母，加-ed planned dropped stopped

不规则变化见课本第122-123页。

四．与现在完成时连用的副词

1. already 已经，常用于肯定句中。I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。

2. yet 1) 已经，常用在疑问句中。Has Linda read the book yet? 琳达已看过这本书了吗?

2) 还，仍然，常用于否定句和疑问句。He has not begun to work yet. 他还未开始工作。

3. ever 曾经，主要用于疑问句Have you ever wanted to travel around the world?你曾经想要周游世界吗？

4. never 从来没有，表示否定He has never seen such a tall building. 他从未见过这么高的楼。

5. just 刚刚，常用于肯定句中I have just finished lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。

6. recently 不久前，最近(=in recent years/ days)

I haven’t seen them recently. 我近来没见过他们。Have you used it recently? 你最近用过它么？

8BU1 Ex

翻译1) 你已经收到你爸爸的来信了吗？

2) 我已经很长时间没有看见我姑姑了。

3) Simon曾经去过几次中国?

4) 她刚刚写好两篇文章。

5) 他们已经去电影院了。

6) Smith夫妇还没有回来。

7) 自从上午9点你就在等他吗？

8) 人们自从1998年开始使用这个新机场。

用正确时态填空

1. Hurry up! Lunch ________already _________(begin).

2.________ he ever _________(ride) a bike?

3.Liming ________(hurt) his arm last week. He ________ already ________(stay) in bed for five days.

4.Yesterday, she ________(buy) one book in the bookshop. She ___________ (not read) it since then.

5.I ________already _________(lose) my pen. I _________(buy) it two days ago.

6.He ___________ (wait) for an hour.

7.I ________________ (not finish) the work yet.

8.___________ you ________ (know) him since then?

9.We ___________ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.

10. How long ________ you__________ (stay) at home already?

11.He ___________ (not read) the book before.

12. I ___________ (hear) from my brother recently.

13.Her sister _________ (go) to Changchun. She______ (leave) this morning.

14.He ___________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.

15.The writer ______________ (finish) several story- books since 1990.

单项选择： 1.— _______ you ever _______ with a group? — Yes, I have.

A. Did, study

B. Are, studying

C. Were, studying

D. Have, studied

2. — Lucy, _____ you ____ your ticket? — Not yet.

A. did; find

B. have; found

C. has; found

D. do; find

3. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011天津)

A. sees

B. can see

C. will see

D. has seen

4. My aunt is a writer. She ______ more than ten books since 1980. (2011北京)

A. writes

B. wrote

C. has written

D. will write

5. —Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina?— Because I ______ it twice. (2011襄阳)