商务英语用语.doc
商务英语邮件常用语中英对照
商务英语邮件常用语中英对照一、称呼语 (Greeting)1. 尊敬的… (Dear...)例：尊敬的Mr. Smith，Dear Professor Johnson，2. 亲爱的… (Dear...)(针对较亲近的对方)例：亲爱的Susan，Dear John，3. 先生/女士(以对方姓氏) (Mr./Ms./Mrs. + 姓氏)例：Mr. Anderson，Ms. Lee，4. 先生/女士 (Sir/Madam)例：Sir，Madam，5. 尊敬的先生们/女士们 (Gentlemen/Ladies)例：Gentlemen，Ladies，6. 美好的一天 (Good day)例：Good day，7. 你好 (Hello)例：Hello，二、引言 (Introduction)1. 我写信是因为... (I am writing to...)例：I am writing to inquire about...I am writing to confirm the details of...2. 我写信是要告知您... (I am writing to inform you...)例：I am writing to inform you that the shipment has been delayed...I am writing to inform you of the change in schedule...3. 请问您是否能... (I would like to ask if you could...)例：I would like to ask if you could provide me with more information...I would like to ask if you could extend the deadline...4. 非常感谢您的... (Thank you for...)例：Thank you for your prompt response...Thank you for your attention to this matter...三、表达意图 (Stating the Purpose)1. 我想要... (I would like to...)例：I would like to schedule a meeting with you...I would like to request a quotation for the products...2. 我需要... (I need...)例：I need your assistance with the project...I need to reschedule the appointment...3. 我希望能得到... (I would appreciate it if...)例：I would appreciate it if you could send me the contract by tomorrow...I would appreciate it if you could provide me with the necessary documents...四、解释和询问 (Explanation and Inquiry)1. 由于... (Due to...)例：Due to unforeseen circumstances, we have to cancel the event...Due to a technical issue, the website is currently not accessible...2. 是否可能... (Is it possible...)例：Is it possible to receive a refund for the damaged goods?Is it possible to schedule a conference call to discuss the project?3. 请您确认... (Could you please confirm...)例：Could you please confirm the delivery date?Could you please confirm the total cost of the order?五、给予回应 (Response)1. 我们会尽快处理... (We will process...)例：We will process your request and get back to you as soon as possible...We will process the payment and send you a confirmation email...2. 抱歉给您带来不便 (Apologies for the inconvenience caused)例：Apologies for the inconvenience caused. We are working to resolve the issue...We sincerely apologize for the delay in response...3. 确认收到 (Confirming receipt)例：I confirm that I have received the documents...We acknowledge receipt of your email...六、结束语 (Closing)1. 谢谢您的理解和合作 (Thank you for your understanding and cooperation)例：Thank you for your understanding and cooperation in this matter...We appreciate your understanding and cooperation...2. 如果您有任何问题，请随时与我联系 (If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me)例：If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at any time...Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further inquiries...3. 祝您一切顺利 (Best regards)例：Best regards,Sincerely,以上是商务英语邮件常用语中英对照，希望对您有所帮助。
(完整版)商务英语词汇大全
商务英语词汇大全（一）economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户（美作:checking account）current-account holder 支票帐户（美作:checking-account holder）cheque 支票（美作:check）bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本（美作:checkbook）endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币（美作:bill）to pay （in）cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation （货币）贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 贡市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,贡shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 贡投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行贡par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty（Paris Club）二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦贡市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three R's 读、写、算school year 学年term, trimester 学季semester 学期school day 教学日school holidays 假期curriculum 课程subject 学科discipline 纪律timetable 课程表class, lesson 课homework 家庭作业exercise 练习dictation 听写spelling mistake 拼写错误（short）course 短训班seminar 研讨班playtime, break 课间,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课course （of study）学业student body 学生（总称）classmate, schoolmate 同学pupil 小学生student 大学生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁听生swot, grind 用的学生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者（总称）teachers 教师（总称）primary school teacher 小学老师teacher lecturer 大学老师professor 教授schooling 教授,授课assistant 助教headmaster 校长（女性为:headmistress）deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长rector 校长dean 教务长laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员beadle, porter 门房,学校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue 文学教师（蔑称）of school age 教龄beginning of term 开学matriculation 注册to enroll, to enroll 予以注册to take lessons （学生）上课to teach （老师）上课to study 学习to learn by heart 记住,掌握to revise, to go over 复习test 考试to test 考试to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试convocation notice 考试通知examiner 考试者board of examiners 考试团examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试question 问题question paper 试卷crib 夹带（美作:trot）to pass an examination （或exam）, 通过考试pass, passing grade 升级prizegiving 分配奖品to fall an examination 未通过考试failure 未考好to repeat a year 留级degree 学位graduate 毕业生to graduate 毕业project, thesis 毕业论文General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书（美作:high school diploma）holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生（美作:holder of a high school diploma）doctorate 博士学位doctor 博士competitive examination 答辩考试Chinese 语文English 英语Japanese 日语mathematics 数学science 理科gymnastics 体育history 历史algebra 代数geometry 几何geography 地理biology 生物chemistry 化学physics 物理physical geography 地球物理literature 文学sociology 社会学psycology 心理学philosophy 哲学engineering 工程学mechanical engineering 机械工程学electronic engineering 电子工程学medicine 医学social science 社会科学agriculture 农学astronomy 天文学economics 经济学politics 政治学commercial science 商学biochemistry 生物化学anthropology 人类学linguistics 语言学accounting 会计学law, jurisprdence 法学banking 银行学metallurgy 冶金学finance 财政学mass-communication 大众传播学journalism 新闻学atomic energy 原子能学civil engineering 土木工程architecture 建筑学chemical, engineering 化学工程accounting and statisics 会计统计business administration 工商管理library 图书馆学diplomacy 外交foreign language 外文botany 植物major 主修minor 辅修school 学校kindergarten 幼儿园infant school 幼儿学校primary school, junior school 小学secondary school 中学high school, secondary school 专科学校business school 商业学校technical school 工业学校technical college 专科学校（university）campus 大学university 大学boarding school 供膳宿的学校day school 日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生academy 专科学院faculty 系hall of residence 学校公寓classroom 教室lecture theatre 阅览室（美作:lecture theater）amphitheatre 阶梯教室（美作:amphitheater）staff room 教研室headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校长办公室（assembly）hall 礼堂library 图书馆playground 操场desk 课桌blackboard 黑板（a piece of）chalk 粉笔slate pencil 石板笔wall map 挂图skeleton map 廓图,示意图globe 地球仪text book 课本dictionary 词典encyclopedia 百科全书atlas地图集satchel 书包exercise book 练习本rough not book 草稿本（美作:scribbling pad）blotting paper 吸墨纸tracing paper 描图纸squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸（fountain）pen 自来水笔biro, ballpoint （pen）圆珠笔pencil 铅笔propelling pencil 自动铅笔pencil sharpener 铅笔刀,转笔刀ink 墨水inkwell 墨水池rubber, eraser 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 计算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圆规Ministry of Labour 劳工部（美作epartment of Labor）labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所（美作:Employment Bureau）labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬seasonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作assembly line work 组装线工作（美作:serial production）workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application（for a job）求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期labour costs, labour input 劳力成本fluctuation of labour 劳力波动（美作f labor）worker 工作者permanent worker 长期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人员employee 职员clerk, office worker 办公室人员salary earner 雇佣工人workman 工人organized labour 参加工会的工人skilled worker 技术工人unskilled worker 非技术工人specialized worker 熟练工人farm worker 农场工人labourer worker 农业工人day labourer 日工seasonal worker 季节工collaborator 合作者foreman 工头trainee, apprentice 学徒工apprenticeship 学徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 专家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级trade union 工会（美作:labor union）trade unionist 工团主义者trade unionism 工团主义guild 行会,同会,公会association, society, union 协会emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward （工厂的）工会代表（美作:union delegate）delegate 代表representative 代表works council 劳资联合委员会labour law 劳工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间overtime 业余时间remuneration 报酬pay, wage, salary 工资wage index 工资指数minimum wage 最低工资basic wage 基础工资gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 实际收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 计时工资monthly wages 月工资weekly wages 周工资piecework wage 计件工资maximum wage 最高工资（美作:wage ceiling）sliding scale 按物价计酬法payment in kind 用实物付酬daily wages 日工资premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励payday 发工资日, 付薪日pay slip 工资单payroll 薪水册unemployment benefit 失业救济old-age pension 退休金,养老金collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罢工striker 罢工者go-slow 怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout 停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工）staggered strike 阶段性罢工strike picket 罢工纠察队员strike pay 罢工津贴（由工会给的）strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者down tools, sit-down strike 静坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者（个人）the unemployed 失业者（集体）to discharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇dismissal 开除,解雇to terminate a contract 结束合同,结束契约negotiation 谈判collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist 接待员typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员pilot 驾驶员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员secretary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演talent 星探actor 男演员actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 俗学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家painter 画家musician 音乐家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 设计家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师dressmaker 女装裁剪师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师tailor 西装师傅beautician 美容师model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局长taxi driver 出租车司机clerk 店员mailman 邮差newspaper boy 报童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新闻评论人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 卖花人baker 面包师greengrocer 菜贩fish-monger 鱼贩butcher 肉贩shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店员stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌station agent 站长porter 行李夫car mechanic 汽车修理师architect 建筑师civil planner 城市设计师civil engineer 土木技师druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师guide 导游oil supplier 加油工（public）health nurse 保健护士dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工forman 工头doctor 医生nurse 护士宏观经济的macroeconomic通货膨胀inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的solvent合同contract汇率exchange rate紧缩信贷tighten credit creation私营部门private sector财政管理机构fiscal authorities宽松的财政政策slack fiscal policy 税法tax bill财政public finance财政部the Ministry of Finance平衡预算balanced budget继承税inheritance tax货币主义者monetariest增值税VAT （value added tax）收入revenue总需求aggregate demand商务英语词汇大全（二）货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recessiona period when the economy of a country is not successful, business conditions are bad, industrial production and trade are at a low level and there is a lot of unemployment经济好转turnabout复苏recovery成本推进型cost push货币供应money supply生产率productivity劳动力labor force实际工资real wages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-push inflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pull inflation双位数通货膨胀double- digit inflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronic inflation治理通货膨胀to fight inflation最终目标ultimate goal坏的影响adverse effect担保ensure贴现discount萧条的sluggish认购subscribe to支票帐户checking account货币控制工具instruments of monetry control 借据IOUs（I owe you）本票promissory notes货币总监controller of the currency拖收系统collection system支票清算或结算check clearing资金划拨transfer of funds可以相信的证明credentials改革fashion被缠住entangled货币联盟Monetary Union再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading欧元euro公共债务membership criteria汇率机制REM储备货币reserve currency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市bull market非凡的牛市a raging bull规模经济scale economcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-ask spreads 期货（贡）futures经济商行brokerage firm回报率rate of return贡equities违约default现金外流cash drains经济人佣金brokerage fee存款单CD（certificate of deposit营业额turnover资本市场capital market布雷顿森林体系The Bretton Woods System经常帐户current account套利者arbitrager远期汇率forward exchange rate即期汇率spot rate实际利率real interest rates货币政策工具tools of monetary policy银行倒闭bank failures跨国公司MNC （Multi-National Corporation）商业银行commercial bank商业票据comercial paper利润profit本票，期票promissory notes监督to monitor佣金（经济人）commission brokers套期保值hedge有价证券平衡理论portfolio balance theory外汇储备foreign exchange reserves固定汇率fixed exchange rate浮动汇率floating/flexible exchange rate货币选择权（期货）currency option套利arbitrage合约价exercise price远期升水forward premium多头买升buying long空头卖跌selling short按市价订购贡market order贡经纪人stockbroker国际货币基金the IMF七国集团the G-7监督surveillance同业拆借市场interbank market可兑换性convertibility软通货soft currency限制restriction交易transaction充分需求adequate demand短期外债short term external debt汇率机制exchange rate regime直接标价direct quotes资本流动性mobility of capital赤字deficit本国货币domestic currency外汇交易市场foreign exchange market国际储备international reserve利率interest rate资产assets国际收支balance of payments贸易差额balance of trade繁荣boom债券bond资本captial资本支出captial expenditures商品commodities商品交易所commodity exchange期货合同commodity futures contract普通贡common stock联合大企业conglomerate货币贬值currency devaluation通货紧缩deflation折旧depreciation贴现率discount rate归个人支配的收入disposable personal income 从业人员employed person汇率exchange rate财政年度fiscal year企业free enterprise国生产总值gross antional product库存inventory劳动力人数labor force债务liabilities市场经济market economy合并merger货币收入money income跨国公司Multinational Corproation个人收入personal income优先贡preferred stock价格收益比率price-earning ratio优惠贷款利率prime rate利润profit回报return on investment使货币升值revaluation薪水salary季节性调整seasonal adjustment关税tariff失业人员unemployed person效用utility价值value工资wages工资价格螺旋上升wage-price spiral收益yield补偿贸易compensatory trade, compensated deal 储蓄银行savings banks欧洲联盟the European Union单一的实体a single entity抵押贷款mortgage lending业主产权owner''''s equity普通股common stock无形资产intangible assets收益表income statement营业开支operating expenses行政开支administrative expenses现金收支一览表statement of cash flow贸易中的存货inventory收益proceeds投资银行investment bank机构投资者institutional investor垄断兼并委员会MMC招标发行issue by tender定向发行introduction代销offer for sale直销placing公开发行public issue信贷额度credit line国际债券international bonds欧洲货币Eurocurrency利差interest margin以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款leveraged loan权利股发行rights issues净收入比例结合net income gearing外贸中常见英文缩略词1 C2 T/T（telegraphic transfer）电汇3 D/P（document against payment）付款交单4 D/A （document against acceptance）承兑交单5 C.O （certificate of origin）一般原产地证6 G.S.P.（generalized system of preferences）普惠制7 CTN/CTNS（carton/cartons）纸箱8 PCE/PCS（piece/pieces）只、个、支等9 DL/DLS（dollar/dollars）美元10 DOZ/DZ（dozen）一打11 PKG（package）一包，一捆，一扎，一件等12 WT（weight）重量13 G.W.（gross weight）毛重14 N.W.（net weight）净重15 C/D （customs declaration）报关单16 EA（each）每个，各17 W （with）具有18 w/o（without）没有19 FAC（facsimile）传真20 IMP（import）进口21 EXP（export）出口22 MAX （maximum）最大的、最大限度的23 MIN （minimum）最小的，最低限度24 M 或MED （medium）中等，中级的25 M/V（merchant vessel）商船26 S.S（steamship）船运27 MT或M/T（metric ton）公吨28 DOC （document）文件、单据29 INT（international）国际的30 P/L （packing list）装箱单、明细表31 INV （invoice）发票32 PCT （percent）百分比33 REF （reference）参考、查价34 EMS （express mail special）特快传递35 STL.（style）式样、款式、类型36 T或LTX或TX（telex）电传37 RMB（renminbi）人币38 S/M （shipping marks）装船标记39 PR或PRC（price）价格40 PUR （purchase）购买、购货41 S/C（sales contract）销售确认书42 L/C （letter of credit）信用证43 B/L （bill of lading）提单44 FOB （free on board）离岸价45 CIF （cost,insurance补充：CR=credit贷方，债主DR=debt借贷方（注意：国外常说的debt card，就是银行卡，credit card就是信誉卡。
商务英语常用语
商务英语常用语:商检用语编辑:Smart（一）Shall we take up the question of inspection today? 今天咱们讨论商品检验问题吧。
The inspection of commodity is no easy job. 商检工作不是那么简单。
Mr. Black is talking with the Chinese importer about inspecting the goods. 布莱克先生与中方进口商就商品检验问题进行洽谈。
As an integral part of the contract, the inspection of goods has its special importance. 作为合同里的一个组成部分，商品检验具有特殊的重要性。
We should inspect this batch of porcelainware to see if there is any breakage. 我们要检查一下这批瓷器是否有破损的。
The exporters have the right to inspect the export goods before delivery to the shipping line. 出口商在向船运公司托运前有权检验商品。
The inspection should be completed within a month after the arrival of the goods. 商品检验工作在到货后一个月内完成。
How should we define the inspection rights? 商检的权力怎样加以明确呢？I'm worried that there might be some disputes over the results of inspection. 我担心对商检的结果会发生争议。
商务英语中常用术语的翻译
商务英语中常用术语的翻译定价和支付price and payment1.CIF 到岸价格/ 成本加保险费,运费价2.FOB离岸价格/ 装运港船上交货3.CFR离岸加运费价格/ 成本加运费价格4.佣金commission5.折扣discount6.净价,单价net price / unit price7.定金down payment8.分期付款installment payment询盘和报盘1.询盘inquiry2.发盘offer3.还盘counter-offer4.实盘firm offer5.虚盘non-firm offer6.规格specification7.样品sample8.交货delivery9.定货order10.最低价rockbottomprice11.价格单price list单据document1.形式发票proformainvoice2.商业发票commercial invoice3.领事发票consular invoice4.汇票draft / bill of exchange5.即期信用证sight draft6.远期信用证usancedraft7.信用证letter of credit / L/C8.即期信用证sight L/C9.远期信用证usanceL/C10. 装船通知shipping advice11.装箱单packing list11.货运单据shipping documents12.海运提单bill of lading / B/L13.清洁提单clean B/L14.不清洁提单unclean B/L16.保险单insurance policy17.检验证书certificate of inspection18.质检证书certificate of quality19.原产地证明书certificate of origin20.进口许可证import license21.出口许可证export license22.合同contract23.确认书confirmation24.售货确认书sales confirmation25.购货确认书confirmation of purchase。
商务英语常用词汇,短语以及基本表达句型
商务英语常用词汇，短语以及基本表达句型建立业务关系Brief Introduction建立业务关系，实际上就是确定贸易对象。
贸易对象选择得合适与否，决定着贸易的成败。
在一般情况下，双方通过各自的介绍或第三者的介绍，先摸清对方的资金信用、经营能力和业务范围等重要条件，然后再进行实质性的业务商讨。
贸易双方只有在相互了解、彼此信赖的基础上，才能进行积极地合作，并使双方贸易活动得以顺利地开展。
Basic Expressions1. We’ve come to know your name and address from the Commercial Counselor’s Office of the Chinese Embassy in London.我们从中国驻伦敦大使馆的商务参赞处得知你们的名字和地址。
2. By the courtesy of Mr. Black, we are given to understand the name and address of your firm.承蒙布莱克先生的介绍，我们得知贵公司的名称和地址。
3. We are willing to enter into business relations with your firm.我们愿意与贵公司建立业务关系。
4. Your firm has been introduced (recommended, passed on) to us by Maple Company.枫叶公司向我方介绍了贵公司。
5. Our mutual understanding and cooperation will certainly result in important business. 我们之间的相互了解与合作必将促成今后重要的生意。
6. We express our desire to establish business relations with your firm.我们愿和贵公司建立业务关系。
商务英语常用语
商务英语常用语商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。
接下来小编为大家整理了商务英语常用语，希望对你有帮助哦!商务英语常用语一：Can we do a barter trade?咱们能不能做一笔易货贸易呢?Is it still a direct barter trade?这还算是一种直接的易货贸易吗?If you agree to our proposal of a barter trade， we'll give you paper in exchange for your timber.如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。
Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?我们订一个三角贸易协议好吗?A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.我们三方可进行三角贸易。
Compensation trade is， in fact， a kind of loan.补偿贸易实际上是一种信贷。
We may agree to do processing trade with you.我们同意与你们进行来料加工贸易。
If you're interested in leasing trade， please let us know.如果你们有意做租赁贸易，请告诉我们。
We wonder whether you do counter trade.我们不知道你们是否做抵偿贸易。
We want to develop direct contact with Continental buyers for ourselves.我们想为自己的公司同欧洲大陆的买主建立起直接的联系。
We see that your firm specializes in Light Industrial Goods，and we are willing to establish business relationship with you.得知贵公司专门经营轻工业品，我们愿意与贵公司建立业务关系。
商务英语词汇列表
商务英语词汇列表1. Client 客户2. Supplier 供应商3. Partnership 合作关系4. Agreement 协议5. Contract 合同6. Negotiation 谈判7. Proposal 提案8. Bid 竞标9. Tender 招标10. Quotation 报价11. Invoice 发票12. Payment 付款13. Shipment 装运14. Delivery 交货15. Customs 海关16. Import 进口17. Export 出口18. Logistics 物流19. Supply chain 供应链20. Inventory 库存21. Warehouse 仓库22. Product 产品23. Service 服务24. Quality 质量25. Brand 品牌26. Market 市场27. Competitor 竞争对手28. Marketing 营销29. Advertising 广告30. Promotion 促销31. Customer relationship management (CRM) 客户关系管理32. Sales 销售33. Revenue 收入34. Profit 利润35. Budget 预算36. Investment 投资37. Finance 财务38. Bank 银行39. Stock 股票40. Shareholder 股东41. Board of directors 董事会42. Executive 高管43. Manager 经理44. Employee 员工45. Human resources (HR) 人力资源46. Recruitment 招聘47. Training 培训48. Performance 绩效49. Salary 薪水50. Benefits 福利51. Career development 职业发展52. Teamwork 团队合作53. Leadership 领导力54. Meeting 会议55. Presentation 演示56. Report 报告57. Email 电子邮件58. Telephone call 电话通话59. Fax 传真60. Memo 备忘录61. Business trip 出差62. Conference 会议63. Seminar 研讨会64. Workshop 工作坊65. Consultant 顾问66. Consultancy 咨询67. Solution 解决方案68. Project 项目69. Planning 规划70. Execution 执行71. Monitoring 监控72. Evaluation 评估73. Risk management 风险管理74. Change management 变革管理75. Problem-solving 解决问题76. Decision-making 决策77. Strategy 策略78. Goal 目标79. Objective 目的80. Vision 愿景81. Mission 使命82. Value 价值观83. Culture 文化84. Entrepreneurship 创业精神85. Innovation 创新86. Technology 技术87. Internet 互联网88. Website 网站89. E-commerce 电子商务90. Social media 社交媒体91. Online marketing 网络营销92. Digital marketing 数字营销93. Mobile marketing 移动营销94. Data analysis 数据分析95. Big data 大数据96. Cloud computing 云计算97. Artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能98. Machine learning 机器学习99. Cybersecurity 网络安全100. Regulations 法规。
商务英语交货日常用语
商务英语交货日常用语在国际贸易中，交货是至关重要的环节。
以下是商务英语中与交货相关的常用表达：1、We expect to deliver the goods within the contractual timeframe.我们希望在合同规定的时间内交货。
2、The shipment is ready and awaiting transportation.货物已准备好，等待运输。
3、The delivery will be made on or before the 10th of this month.交货日期为本月十号或之前。
4、The products will be dispatched within 7 working days of receiving your order.收到您的订单后，我们将在7个工作日内发货。
5、We regret to inform you that the goods you ordered are out of stock and cannot be delivered as agreed.我们很遗憾地通知您，您所订购的商品目前缺货，无法按照约定的时间交货。
6、We have arranged for the goods to be picked up at our warehouse.我们已经安排好了在我们的仓库提货。
7、Please ensure that the recipient is available to accept the delivery.请确保收货人能够接收货物。
8、We will provide you with a tracking number once the shipment has been dispatched.一旦货物发出，我们将为您提供一个追踪号码。
9、We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the delay in delivery.对于交货延迟给您带来的不便，我们深表歉意。
商务英语---酒桌上的英语表达
商务英语---酒桌上的英语表达一、用(Here"s)to...表示：1.Here"s to your health / success. 为你的健康 / 成功干杯！2.Here"s to our friendship！为我们的友谊干杯！3.Here"s to Tom for his new job! 为汤姆的新工作干杯!二、用health, luck等表示：Good health! Good luck! All the best!例如：1.Your health, John—May you have a successful time in Manchester 为了你的健康，约翰，也祝你在曼彻斯特前程似锦!2.Helen raised her glass，“Good luck to you!” she said. 海伦举起酒杯，说道：“祝你好运!”三、主人或主持人邀客人喝酒时，通常用Cheers! Do the honors!例如：1.He raised his glass，“May you success! Cheers!” 他举起酒杯说：“祝你成功，干杯!”2.Pat, you do the honors and propose the toast. 帕特，你敬酒吧。
四、在比较随便的场合，通常用Here"s how!还有Happy landing!(美俚，原为空军用语)等。
例如：Oh，come, come，David.Here"s how!噢，来呀，来呀，大卫，干杯!五、在比较正式的场合，英美人有时也用一些外来语。
例如：Prosit!(来源于拉丁语，意为May it do good! To your health/ good luck! etc. )六、在陈述句中，英美语通常用toast，round, drink to，drinka toast for / to, propose a toast for 等词表示。
常用商务英语
Can you resend this email to me as my computer was repaired at the moment.你能再发这个邮件给我吗，现在我的邮件在维修。
I knew this and already asked the customer provide the information, but it’s not quick to get it, pls. wait.Any news will be informed.我知道了并且已经问了客户提供信息，但是没那么快拿到，请等待，有任何消息会通知你Attached the invoice for you ref., and also I revised the amount in ERP., pls. kindly help to arrange the payment. Thanks! 附件的发票给你，我也在ERP里修改了数量，请帮忙安排支付，谢谢。
Thank you for your quick reply, we will come back to you soon.谢谢你的尽快回复，我们会尽快回复你please find enclosed our offer-no. 30-404. 请查找附件内我们的订单Pls handle whether we ship out by ocean or by air! 请决定我们运输是走海运还是空运For below case, pls help to call the vendor to confirm the update delivery date.因下面的原因，请帮忙联系卖家确定最后的运输方式Doohan Yang push us many time for it. I need update the latest status to him today.东汉阳给了我们很多时间关于这个，我需要最新的情况给他今天We had paid the deposit to you as below email said, Would you pls help to check with your MFR when they can delivery the cargo out as quick as possible?We had paid the deposit to you as below email said.As I had told you yesterday, we are very urgent to get the cargo.I contacted them before but they finally direct me to their china officeWe are still in a position waiting for your information of the weight for product so as to calculate the cost of freight. Tks. We have put around 5% discount for this product. Please do your best to get this order.Pls record again for the extra charges for certificate of MarshalseaDon't ask them again and again as they leave it to us many times already!Please help to sign back our purchase order with duly signature & company chop & let us have your invoice & banking details for TT payment. tks\ How about the latest status for the order L/T? Pls comment and advise.Can you check it for me regarding the latest quote of our required items.你能为我检查下最近的报价关于我们询价的ITEMJust want to confirm whether you receive our enquiry, thanks your assistance.只是想确认下你们是否收到我们的询价，谢谢帮助Pls. kindly arrange the payment and pick up the goods请安排付款和打包货物Note. I have contact with them. Thank you!收到，我会联系他们Please advise us whether factory can provide “Certificate of Conformity, Material Test Report or Certificate of Material Quality” should we require and any cost of it.请建议我们报价中是否工厂能提供“”还有其它成本Any reply for this one ,it’s urgent ,if any question ,pls don’t hesi tate to contact me ,I look forward to your reply asap ,thank you!关于这个有消息吗，它比较急，如果有问题，请不要不好意思和我联系，期待你的尽快回复Could you kindly tell me your phone so that I can contact with you?thank you!你能告诉我你的电话让我能联系到你吗Any infor from SPP PUMPS(RFQ-CP591195BJ&CP591755BJ) ? kindly pls follow this matter. Thanks.有任何信息来自“”？请继续跟踪这个事情，谢谢Thanks for your quotation. Pls kindly find the purchase order .pls confirm it and sign back it and should you have no query.When we receive your invoice, our account department will settle the payment.谢谢你的报价，请找附件订单请确认后签字回传如果你没有疑问的话单我们收到你的发票，我们的财务部会安排付款Pls send signed PO HL20101108CP2163-REFLEX to me after confirmation and don't forget leave us invoice for payment settling.Pls feel free to contact us should you have any queries.Thank you for your attention and look forward to your early reply.Please find the copy of payment for your record, we feel sorry for any inconvenient caused.请找到支付的复印件为证，对你造成的不方便感动啊抱歉Got it here,thank you. 懂了谢谢Noted and handle it ,thank you! 收到及正在处理Done with thanks! 已完成谢谢Well note and thanks 知道了谢谢Regarding the captioned quote, we would like to know whether the price is still valid or not.关于主题的报价，我们想到知道这个价格是否还有效Regarding the captioned, our company will send you the *** to your office. Besides, I need you to write me your office address in chinese and our staff will arrange it today.关于主题，我们公司会发“”到你办公室，因此，我需要你写给我你公司地址在中国的，我们员工会今天安排Thank you for your quote,kindly pls quote it to us weight of items.谢谢你的报价，请报知给我们它的重量Thank you your quotation , I would like to know approximately the weight of items.谢谢你的报价，我期望知道这个的大概重量Thank you for your attached quote last time, we need your another assistance of the following items and would like to have the quotation as soon as possible with WEIGHT OF ITEMS AND DELIVERY TERMS.谢谢你上次报价给我们，我们需要你在帮忙跟踪下面的ITEM，并期望有你的尽快的报价Thank you for your attention and assistance, I look forward to have your early reply soon.谢谢你的关注和帮忙，我期望有你尽快的回复We have received the order , Below matters need your confirmation.我们已经拿到订单，下面的的事需要你的确认Kindly please follow this one for us, thanks请为我们帮忙跟踪这个，谢谢Thank you for your attention and understanding, we have already put much effort on it with end user for this.谢谢你们的关注和谅解，我们已经付出了很大的努力为了它和最终使用人Thank you for your attention and assistance. Please feel free to contact us should you have any queries, we then wait for your early reply.谢谢你的关注和帮助，请联系我们如果你有任何问题，我等待你早点回复(From your quote,), I would like to know the different of quoted Item 2 “Unit Reference: FG-40-150-FPM-SS-A-1/2”NPT AND our required model FG-40-150-FPM-SS-A-1/2” 900RT/WN.从你们的报价，我想知道不同点关于报价ITEM2****和我们询价****Thank you for your patient explanation to us, I look forward to have your reply again.谢谢你耐心解释给我们，我期望接到你的答复Please see the attached quotation.请查看附件报价Do You received this TT payment email on 20 april, 2011 ? Is there any shipping documents / details for this order?你是否有收到TT支付邮件在2011 4月20号？是否有运输单或详细东西关于这个订单。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
商务英语用语 英语商务用语-询价用语、产品自我推荐 询价用语 a.随函寄上询价单一份。 We are enclosing here with an inquiry sheet. b.如果贵方对 感兴趣，请告具体询价。 If you are interested in our ,please let us know with a specific inquiry.
c.一收到贵方具体询价单，我方马上航空邮上样品册并报价。
Quotations and sample books will be airmailed to you upon receipt of your specific inquiry.
请求报价 a.兹函请提供 的报价。 We are writing to invite quotations for the supply of . b.请将定期供应 之报价赐知。 Please let us have a quotation for the regular supply for . c.请将下列货品的最低价格赐知。 Kindly quote us your lowest prices for the goods listed below. 请求做代理商 a.我们深盼与英国公司接洽，希望成为其销售代理商之一。 We are anxious to contact some British firms with a view to acting as their selling angents. b.如蒙考虑担任销售你们 代理商，我们将十分高兴。 We should be glad if you would consider our application to act as agents for the sale of your
寄发资料用语 a.很高兴寄你一邮包，内装 We are pleased to send you by parcel post a package containing
b.欣寄我方目录，提供我方各类产品的详细情况。 We have pleasures in sending you our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products.
c.欣然奉上我方产品样品，在贵方展厅展出。 We should be pleased to let you have samples to give a demonstration at your premises.
d.为使贵方对我方各种款式的手工艺品有一初步了解，今航邮奉上我方目录和一些样品资料，供您们参考。
In order to give you some idea of various qualities of handicrafts we carry, we havepleasure in forwarding you by airmail one catalogue and a few sample books for yourperusal.
附寄资料用语: a.随函附上本公司新出品的 样品，请查收。 You will find enclosed with this letter a sample of new . b.随函附上购货合同第 号两份，希查收，谅无误。请会签并退我方一份备案。
Enclosed please find two copies of Purchase Contract No. ，which we trust will be found in order. Kindly sign and return one copy for our file. c.我们很高兴地附上询价单第 号，请贵方报离岸价格。 We have pleasure in enclosing our file. d.我们确认向贵方购买 ,随函附上订单确认书供参照。 We confirm having purchased from you .A confirmation order is enclosed for your reference.
价格用语 a.我们发现你方报价比我们从其他地方收到的略为偏高，请你方降价，以适应竞争。
We find your quotation slightly higher than those we have received from other sources, and ask you to reduce your price to meet the competition.
b.我们很抱歉地通知你方价格无竞争力，若贵方能降低价格，使我方可接受的话，我们仍对交易感兴趣。
We re sorry to inform you that your price has been found uncompetitive, but we re still interested in doing business if you can bring down your price to a level acceptable.
产品自我推荐 a.请容我们自我介绍，我们是 首屈一指的贸易公司。 Let us introduce ourselves as a leading trading firm in b.本公司经营这项业务已多年，并享有很高的国际信誉。 Our company has been in this line of business for many years and enjoys highinternational prestige.
c.我们的产品质量一流，我们的客户一直把本公司视为最可信赖的公司。
Our products are of very good quality and our firm is always regarded by our customers as the most reliable one. 英语商务用语(自我推荐) a.请容我们自我介绍，我们是 首屈一指的贸易公司。 let us introduce ourselves as a leading trading firm in
b.本公司经营这项业务已多年，并享有很高的国际信誉。 our company has been in this line of business for many years and enjoys high international prestige.
各种商务会议英语常见术语 二、召开会议常见术语 rostrum 讲台 public gallery 旁听席 notice board 布告牌 to convene, to convoke 召开 convocation 会议 standing orders, by-laws 议事程序 rules of procedure 议事规则 constitution, statutes 章程 procedure 程序 agenda 议程 timetable, schedule 日程表,时刻表 item on the agenda 议程项目 other business 其他事项 to place on the agenda 列入议程 working paper 工作文件 opening 开幕 the sitting is open 会议开幕 appointment 任命 综合辅导：学做Presentation(四、五) 图表就像是 数字地图 ，可以让看的人一目了然。成功的演说者应该就这些数字、图表加以诠释，让听众即刻掌握这些数字之间的关系。
The statistics I ve just given show that Taiwan is definitely a youth-oriented market, and will remain so for another ten years. The companies that successfully target this segment have higher sales and larger market shares year in and year out. I ve prepared a few diagrams showing which companies dominate the market, and the types of advertising they use to keep their sales.
我刚才给各位的统计数字说明台湾的确是一个以年轻人为导向的市场，而且未来十年之内仍然会继续是这种状况。因此看准了并打进这个市场区间的企业，每年就能有较高的业绩和市场占有率。我另外还准备了一些图来说明是哪几家公司主宰了目前的市场，以及这些公司运用哪些广告来维持他们的业绩。
This bar chart shows the top four companies and their market shares: the American Jonny Jammy Company leads the pack with 29%, followed by the domestic firm, V08, at 21%. The Japanese MARUMI is next with 17%, and the French company, La-Rose, is last with 12%. The next chart, a pie graph, shows a breakdown of their advertising: the largest wedge at 62% represents TV commercials; a quarter of their budget goes to magazine and newspaper ads, and the remainder is for purchasing advertising and posters placed in shops where their products are sold.
从这个条形图表可以看出四家最大的公司以及他们的市场占有率。美国的Jonny Jammy公司以百分之二十九领先群雄，其次是本地的厂家V08，拥有百分之二十一的市场占有率;再下来