2011年专业英语英美文学概况-概括整理版
成人高考专升本英语专业里的英美文学
成人高考专升本英语专业里的英美文学一、英美文学概述英美文学是指英格兰和美利坚合众国的文学作品，因此又称为英国文学和美国文学。
英美文学的发展始于中世纪，经历了多个时期的演变，包括文艺复兴、启蒙时代、浪漫主义、现代主义等。
英美文学作品包括诗歌、小说、散文等各种文学形式，涵盖了丰富多彩的主题和风格。
二、英美文学在专升本英语专业中的地位英美文学在成人高考专升本英语专业中占据重要地位，对学生的综合能力、文学修养和对英语语言的掌握都有很大的帮助。
通过学习英美文学，学生可以领略到英语世界中丰富的文化内涵、历史底蕴和文学创作。
英美文学也是英语专业学生理解、运用英语语言的重要途径之一，有助于提升学生的语言表达能力和交流能力。
三、英美文学的经典作品1. 莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚的悲剧作品，被誉为世界文学史上最伟大的作品之一。
该剧以丹麦王子哈姆雷特为主人公，描写了他在复仇和自我怀疑之间的挣扎。
作品融合了复杂的人物关系、深刻的思想探讨和精湛的语言表达，被认为是莎士比亚文学的巅峰之作。
2. 简·奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是英国文学的经典之作，被誉为世界文学史上最优秀的爱情小说之一。
小说通过对社会等级制度、女性地位和婚姻观念的揭示，展现了19世纪英国乡村生活的情感和关系。
奥斯汀以犀利的文字和丰富的人物刻画，深刻地揭示了人性的复杂和社会的现实。
3. 马克·吐温《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国文学的经典之作，被誉为世界文学史上最杰出的成长小说之一。
小说以哈克贝利·费恩为主人公，描绘了他和朋友吉姆一起在密西西比河上展开的冒险故事。
作品以幽默的语言和深刻的洞察力，展现了少年的成长和对人性的思考，被视为美国文学的代表作之一。
四、英美文学的研究和教学英美文学的研究和教学是英语专业中的重要内容之一，也是成人高考专升本英语专业中必修的课程。
通过对经典作品的阅读、分析和解读，学生可以深入了解英美文学的传统和现状，培养自己的批判性思维和文学鉴赏能力。
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本科 英美文学专业
本科英美文学专业摘要：一、引言：介绍本科英美文学专业的背景和意义二、专业核心课程设置：分析英美文学专业的主要课程和学术焦点三、专业发展前景：探讨英美文学专业毕业生的就业方向和职业规划四、实践与应用：阐述英美文学专业在实际工作中的应用价值和跨学科合作五、我国英美文学教育现状与挑战：分析当前我国英美文学教育的优缺点及面临的挑战六、建议与展望：提出改进英美文学教育的策略和建议，展望专业未来发展正文：一、引言本科英美文学专业，顾名思义，是以英语和英美文学为核心的学科专业。
在我国高校中，这个专业具有较高的地位和影响力，吸引了众多热爱文学、热衷于跨文化交流的学生。
该专业旨在培养具有扎实英语语言基础、系统掌握英美文学知识、具备一定人文素养和跨文化交际能力的复合型人才。
二、专业核心课程设置英美文学专业的核心课程主要包括英语语言、英美文学、跨文化交际、英语国家文化、翻译与解释等。
学生在此过程中，将全面了解英美文学的历史、理论和批评方法，深入剖析文学作品，锻炼批判性思维能力。
此外，课程还涵盖了一定的文学创作、戏剧表演和影视鉴赏内容，以丰富学生的审美体验。
三、专业发展前景随着全球化进程的不断推进，英语在国际交流中的地位日益重要。
英美文学专业毕业生在就业市场上具有广泛的竞争优势，可从事外交、教育、翻译、传媒、出版等领域的工作。
此外，他们还可以继续攻读硕士、博士学位，成为学术研究领域的专业人才。
四、实践与应用英美文学专业不仅注重理论研究，还强调实践与应用。
学生可通过参与学术研讨会、翻译实践、海外交流等项目，提高自己的实际工作能力和跨文化沟通能力。
同时，该专业具有较强的跨学科特点，学生可选择与相邻学科进行合作，如文化产业、国际关系等，实现多元化发展。
五、我国英美文学教育现状与挑战近年来，我国英美文学教育取得了一定的成绩，但在全球化背景下，也面临着诸多挑战。
一方面，英语教育体系有待进一步完善，课程设置和教学方法需不断创新；另一方面，如何在培养具有国际视野的人才的同时，弘扬我国优秀文化，增强民族文化自信，是英美文学教育需要深入思考的问题。
专业的英美文学欣赏
专业的英美文学欣赏英美文学是世界上最为丰富多样的文学体系之一。
自16世纪伊丽莎白时代的莎士比亚开始，英美文学经历了漫长的历史发展，培育出了众多杰出的作家和经典著作。
本文将从不同的角度对专业的英美文学进行欣赏。
一、英美文学的历史英美文学的历史可以追溯到古代，比如英国的《贝奥武夫》和美国的纳瓦霍传统文学。
然而，真正的英美文学史可以追溯到16世纪的英国。
这个时期，威廉·莎士比亚成为了英国文学的代表人物，他的作品《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等成为经典。
18世纪的英美文学中，约翰逊的《英语词典》和美国独立战争期间的政治宣言《独立宣言》也是重要的代表作。
19世纪以来，英美文学探索了各种文学流派，从浪漫主义到现代主义，涌现出了许多重要作家，如狄更斯、奥斯丁、卡夫卡等。
二、英美文学的题材和主题英美文学擅长描写复杂的人物关系和社会问题，并以其深刻的思考和细腻的描写吸引读者。
例如，狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》展示了贫穷与财富之间的对立，奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》则讲述了社会等级和婚姻观念。
在美国文学中，福克纳的作品探讨了南方美国的种族和阶级问题，杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》则展现了人与自然的斗争。
三、英美文学的文学流派英美文学包含了多种不同的文学流派，每个流派都有其独特的特点和风格。
浪漫主义流派强调个人情感和自然的美。
著名的浪漫主义作家包括乔治·戈登·拜伦和约翰·济慈。
现实主义流派注重真实的描写和社会问题的反映，代表作包括狄更斯的《远大前程》和艾略特的《米德尔马契特》。
现代主义流派则通过新颖的叙事方式和语言实验挑战传统文学观念，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫和詹姆斯·乔伊斯是现代主义文学的重要代表。
四、英美文学中的女性作家英美文学中有许多优秀的女性作家，她们以独特的视角和才能为文学世界带来了新的贡献。
简·奥斯汀以她的爱情小说闻名，露易丝·梅·奥尔科特通过《小妇人》等作品描述了女性的成长和追求。
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。
the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。
"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。
gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。
the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.英格兰脊梁：指的是山脉的背脊。
lead ore: british lead ores have been worked since pre-roman times. it contains silver.铅矿：自前罗马时代开始，英国的铅矿就被开发了。
英语专业英美文学文学汇总
Literature terms1Epic : a long narrative poem telling about the deedsof a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.（史诗）2Romance:It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.（传奇文学）3Heroic Couplet: the rhymedcouplet ofiambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体)4Iambic Pentameter: is the most common Englishmeter, in which each foot contains an unaccentedsyllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格)meter 格律foot音步5ballad:is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.（歌谣）6Sonnet: It is a lyric poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.（十四行诗）7Blank verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme.（无韵诗）8Soliloquy: an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself/ herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present (often used as a device in a drama to disclose a character’s innermost thoughts); 2. theact of talking while or as if alone(独白)9Classicism: Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint. Classicism was popular in Europe in the 18th century.（古典主义）10Neo-classicism: neo-classicism imitated the characteristics of Roman writers, including Horace, Virgil, Cicero, etc., in the days of Augustus. They tried to make English literature conform to rules and principles established by the great Roman and Greek classical writers. In writing plays, they used rhyme and couplet instead of blank verse, observed the trinity --- the unity of time, place and action.（新古典主义）11An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and otherdocuments are sometimes used.（书信体小说）12Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in English literature of the middle and later decades of the 18th century. It justly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeoisrevolutions. It embraces a pessimistic outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution, marked by a sinceresympathyforthepoverty-stricken ,expropriated peasants.(感伤主义)Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevails in England during the period 1798-1832. romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groupsbecause of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.（浪漫主义）Ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing, a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. The form dates back to classical times and is originally intended to be sung at festivals or in plays.Brief Outline of British Literature：works1. Early and Medieval English Literature1) The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066)National epic:The Song of Beowulf2) The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350)Arthurian Romance: Sir Gawain andGreen Knight3) Geoffrey Chaucer1340-1400：Messenger of HumanismThe first important realistic writer“Father” of English poetryThe Canterbury Talesthe wife of Bath（巴斯夫人）,the Knight（骑士）,the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）,the Nun’s Priest（尼姑的教士）,the Prologue（序诗）.The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》The Book of the Duchess《悼公爵夫人》Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德》Thomas MaloryMorte d’Arthur (Death of Arthur)《亚瑟之死》William LanglandPiers the Plowman[Boccaccio薄伽丘：Decameron《十日谈》Ovid奥维德:《爱的艺术》《变形记》]2. The English Renaissance (16 century)Thomas MoreUtopiaChristopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛First person used blank verseDeath of Arthur 《亚瑟之死》Tamburlaine the Great «帖木儿大帝»The Jew of Malta «马尔他岛的犹太人»The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus«浮士德博士的悲剧»Hero and Leander《海洛和利安得》The Passionate Shepherd to His Love《牧羊人的恋歌》William Shakespeareone of the founders of realism in world literature as well as in English literatureV enus and Adonis《维纳斯与安东尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece《鲁克里斯受辱记》Four tragedies：Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥塞罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》Four comedies：A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》The Merchant of V enice《威尼斯商人》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Ben Jonson本·琼森first poet- laureateafterShakespeare the most eminent writer for the Elizabethan stagethe greatest dramatist after Shakespearethe founder of the so-called “Comedy of Humors”,Every Man in His Humor《人人高兴》Every Man Out of His Humor《人人扫兴》Volpone 《福尔蓬奈》the Fox《狐狸》The Alchemist《炼金术士》Sir Thomas Wyatt托马斯·怀亚特Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 亨利·霍华德·萨里伯爵Sir Philip Sidney 西德尼Astrophel and Stella《爱星者和星星》Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》The Defence of Poetry《诗辩》Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞the Poet’s poet , a model of poetical artgreatest non-dramatic poet of his timefirst master of English verseThe Shepherd’s Calendar《牧人月历》Amoretti 《爱情小诗》The FairyQueen《仙后》Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根The father of experimental philosophyThe most important prose writer of the Elizabethan Agethe first English essayistthe founder of English materialist philosophy.The Advancement of Learning《学术的进展》The Novum Organum (The New Instrument)《新工具》The New Atlantis《新大西岛》The Essays 《散文集》(Of Studies)3. The Period of The English Bourgeois Revolution(17 century)John Milton约翰·弥尔顿the smartest man in Europea master of the blank verseParadise Lost《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》Lycidas 《利西达斯》Comus《科玛斯》a masque《假面剧》John Bunyan约翰·班扬Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner《功德无量》The Life and Death of Mr. Badman《恶人先生的生平和死亡》《贝德曼先生的一生》The Holy War《神圣战争》John Donne约翰·邓恩Founder of Metaphysical poetry选学派诗人Songs and Sonnets《歌与短歌》Holy sonnet《圣十四行诗》Divine poem《神圣诗歌》Elegies and Satire《挽歌与讽刺诗》Meditations《冥想》/《沉思》4. The Age of Enlightenment (18 century)Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾狄生andRichard Steel理查德·斯蒂尔The Tatler and The SpectatorDaniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福18世纪启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton《辛格顿船长》ColonelJacque《杰克上校》Moll Flanders《茉尔·弗兰德丝》A Journal of the Plague Year《瘟疫记事》Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特One of the greatest masters of English prosea master satiristGulliver’s TravelsA Tale of a Tub 《一个木桶的故事》The Battle of Books《书的战争》The Drapier’s Letters《一个麻布商的书信》A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》Samuel Richardson 塞谬尔·理查逊Pamela《帕美勒》Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady《克拉丽莎》The History of Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·葛兰底森爵士传》Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁最早的现实主义小说理论家现实主义小说奠基人Tom Jones《汤姆˙琼斯》Don Quixote in England《唐吉诃德在英国》Pasqin《巴斯昆》The Historical Register for the Year 1736《一七三六年历史记事》The Tragedy of Tragedies or The Life and Death of Tom Thumb the Great 《悲剧的悲剧：或伟人汤姆传》Joseph Andrews《约瑟夫˙安德鲁斯的经历》Jonathan Wild the Great《大伟人乔纳森˙魏尔德》Amelia《阿米丽亚》Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊As Lexicographer orThe Dictionary of the English Language英语词典Oliver Goldsmith戈德史密斯Anovelist and poet belongs to the school of Sentimentalism She Stoops to Conquer《屈伸求爱》The Vicar of Wakefield 《威克菲尔德牧师传》The Traveler and The Deserted VillageThe Citizen of the World《世界公民》Richard BrinsleySheridan 谢里丹The School for Scandal 《造谣学校》Comedy of Manners风尚喜剧Thomas Gray 格雷-------- sentimentalismOn the Death of a Favorite Cat《爱猫之死》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》The Progress of Poetry《诗的发展》The Correspondence of Thomas Gray《格雷书信集》William Blake威廉布莱克Tiger《老虎》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》Robert Burns-罗伯特彭斯--- pre-romanticismthe most famous poets of the peasants in the worldA red red rose《我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰》5. Romanticism in England (19 century)PoetryWilliam Wordsworth华兹华斯The prelude《序曲》Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《我好似一朵流云独自漫步》To the 《咏水仙》S. T. Coleridge柯林律治The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》《古水手谣》Kubla khan《忽必烈汗》George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦Oneofthemost excellent representatives of English Romanticismone of the most influential poets of the timeHours of Idleness《闲暇时刻》Child Har old’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》.Don Juan《唐璜》She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》Queen Mab 《仙后麦布》Address to the Irish People《告爱尔兰人书》The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰的反叛》The Masque of Anarchy《暴政的行列》The Cenci《钦契一家》A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》Ode to the West Wind10. To a Skylark《致云雀》John Keats济慈Lamia《莱米亚》Endymion《恩底弥翁》On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》Isaabella 《伊莎贝拉》The Eve of St. Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前夕》Hyperion《赫坡里昂》On a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》To Autumn《秋颂》On Melancholy《忧郁颂》To a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》Prose fictionWalter Scott司各特the first novelist to recreate the pastWaverleyOld MoralityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianIvanhoe《艾凡赫》Rob RoyNovelJane Austen 简·奥斯丁Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德花园》Emma《爱玛》Persuasion 《劝告》Romantic essayCharles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚戏剧故事集》Album VersesEssays of Elia《伊利亚随笔》William Hazlitt威廉·赫列特Thomas De Quincey托马斯·德·昆西6. The Victorian Age --- Critical Realism inEngland (19 century)NovelCharles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiocity Shop《老古玩店》The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》fill in the BlanksBeowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their primitive Northern Europe.Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.Beowulf was written down in the 10th century.Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance.Humanism became the central theme of English Renaissance. Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanistsHumanism is the idea that man has a potential for culture which distinguishes him from lower orders of beings, and which he should strive constantly to fulfill.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.Early Plays in Middle Agesinclude The Miracle Play奇迹剧The Morality Play道德剧The Interlud幕间休息剧The Classical Drama古典剧The immediate predecessors of Shakespeare were a group of men from the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who were generally known as the University WitsThe key-note of Hamlet’s character is melancholy，and there can be no Hamlet without melancholyHamlet is a hero of the RenaissanceHamlet’s learning , wisdom, noble nature,limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 17th and the 16th centuries. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse;He was a great master of English language;He was the summit of the English Renaissance and one of the great writers all over the world.Adam andEveembody Milton’s belief in thepowers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge.Satan is a rebel against tyranny and Satan and his followers resemble a republican ParliamentEnglish enlighteners believed in the power of reason. That is why the 18th century has often been called “the age of reason” or “the kingdom of reason”.Most of the enlighteners believed that social problems could be solved by human intelligence.this period was characterized by the so-called neo-classicism of which the leading figure was Alexander Pope.The representative of Periodical Literature in Early 18th Century England: Addison and SteeleThe best part of Robinson Crusoe is the realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island.A social fable consists of four books. The hero of the novel is Lemuel Gulliver, a doctor. telling about his fantastic visits to some unbelievable places, in which the inhabitants are Lilliputians,the giants Brobdingnagians, Yahoos, and Houyhnhnms.The features of the Romantic writingsa dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.Romantic writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions andexotic picturesThe romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manPersonified nature plays an important role in the pages of Romantic writingsThe publication of the “Lyrical Ballads” marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th centuryi wandered lonely contains four six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter.The poem is about The beauty of natureQuestion1What is Literature？Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences.2What is Renaissance?1. DefinitionThe Renaissance (14th – mid-17th century), which means rebirth and revival. The renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church(罗马天主教堂).It is characterized with the growth of a more scientific outlook, major development in art and literature, new invention and overseas discoveries and a general assertion of human value and emancipation(解放) of the human intellect and power.3Summarize the periods of Shakespeare’s literary career and achievements？Shakespeare’s Literary Career⏹Four successive periods with increasing maturity◆1588-1593, the Period of Experiment and Preparation●Richard III, a melodramatic chronicle-history play, largely imitative of Marlowe and yet showing striking power●At the end of this period Shakespeare issued two rather long narrative poems on classical subjects, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece◆1594-1601, the second period Shakespeare’s work, filled with chronicle-history plays and comedies●Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, etc.●Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It●Romeo and Juliet◆1601-1609, the third period of Shakespeare’s literary career, in which appeared Shakespeare’s great tragedies and certain cynical plays●In these plays, Shakespeare sets himself to grapple with the deepest and darkest problems of human characters and life●Shakespeare’s four great tragedies⏹Hamlet: the struggle of a perplexed and divided soul/self⏹Othello: the ruin of a noble life/ man by an evil one through the terrible power of jealousy⏹King Lear: unnatural ingratitude working its hateful will and yetthwarted at the end by its own excess and by faithful love⏹Macbeth: the destruction of a large nature by material ambition◆After 1609, the fourth period of Shakespeare’s literary career, a periodof romance-comedies●Shakespeare did not solve the insoluble problems of life, but having presented them as powerfully, perhaps, as is possible for human intelligence, he turned in his last period to the expression of the serene philosophy of life●Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest(1) Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. He maintains that the purpose of dramatic performance is "to hold, as it were, the mirror up to nature". In his works, he paints the decline of the old feudal nobility and the vice of the new Tudor monarch. Besides,his plays have good plots and life-like characters too. His dramais an expression, a monument of the English Renaissance since he wrote about his own people for his own time.(2)Shakespeare is amazingly prolific Within 22 years, he produced 37 plays, 154 sonnets,and 2 long poems. No two of his play invoke the same feeling or image among the audience. He is a master-hand for every form of drama-comedy, tragedy, and historical plays. He gives us a world of full-blooded people who live and struggle, suffer and rejoice-representing all the complexitiesand implications of real life.(3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, andthe dramatic blank verse. And he is a great master of the English language. He used avocabularylarger than any other English writersMany ofhis new coinage and turns of expressions havebecome every-day usage in English life. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the EnglishBible are the two great treasures of the English language.(4)Hence, Shakespeare has been universallyacknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over.3Chaucer’s Contribution？1. He introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (heroic couplet) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language4What is the Enlightenment Movement?The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.What is romanticism? What about its feature?1. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.2. Their writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions andexotic pictures.3. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual andemotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works.文学赏析Beowulf:---national epic(1) Goodness conquers evil. (Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil.)(2) Men against nature (The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.)(3) Judge the greatness of a human being by the greatness of his deeds and his noble ancestry.(4) Help thy neighbor. (Beowulf risks his life to help a neighbor, King Hrothgar, in trouble.)(5) Forces of darkness—irrational, menacing—are always at work in society.The writing features of Beowulf1). The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form.2). Another is the frequent use of metaphorsand understatements(暗含的意义) forironical humor.The Faerie(Fairy) Queene and Commentsa long poem1 The dominating thoughts of it: nationalism, humanism and Puritanism2 The Spenserian stanza: a verse form consisting of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of 6 iambic feet with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.3 The Faerie Queene is the first national epic of England in the age of the Renaissance. It expresses the poet’s patriotic feelings of national greatness, and voices the moral ideals of the English aristocracy as embodied in the noble, virtuous and brave knight.The Image of Hamlet1. He is a humanist free from medievalprejudice and superstition. He has love for the world rather than heaven, he cherishes a firm belief in man’s power and destiny.2. He loves good and hates evil. He adore his father, loves Ophelia and greets his school-fellows with hearty welcome, while he is disgusted withhis uncle’s drunkenness and shocked by his mother’s shallowness3. His intellectual genius is outstanding. He is a close observer. He can easily see through people. His quick perception drives him to penetrate below the surface of things and question what others take for granted. He is scholar, soldier and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.The Merchant of V eniceThe traditional themeTo praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.The modern interpretationTo regard the play as a satire of the Christians’hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews, here represented by ShylockParadise lost1. The theme of the poem is a revolt against God’s aut hority.2. God: selfish despot暴君,cruel, unjust3. Adamand Eve embody Milton’s belief in the powers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge4. God’s angels are foolish, resembling the court of an absolute monarch.5. Satan is a rebel against tyranny(专制，暴行) and Satan and his followers resemble arepublican ParliamentThe Image of Satan1. Satan is the real hero of the poem.2. He is firmer than the rest of the angels.3. He has an invincible(战无不胜的) heart.4. Satan remains superior in nobility and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy;5. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.6. Milton makes Satan as his own mouthpiece(代言人).The Pilgrim’s ProgressBunyan’s language1.Bunyan’s language is chiefly plain and collo quial and quite modern in comparison with that of the writers of the Renaissance.2. His language is clear, vivid, natural, homely (朴实的), fluent, musical and powerful.3. He paved the way not only in language style but also in writing technique of novels, for the novelists of the 18th century as Swift and Defoe.The image of Robinson Crusoe1.One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie2. An enterprising Englishman3. A laborer, a hard-working industrious and intelligent man.4. A typical colonizer, explorer, and a foreign trader.5.He is alert, vigorous and resourcefulBlake’s poems such as tiger 《老虎》and comments on Blank(1) Blake’s poems seem easy but difficult to understand for his mmysterious images andsymbols, unless versed in ( skilled at )religious knowledge.(2) Blake’s poems are full of emotionandapparentpresentation of his progressive democratic idea in symbolismComments1) Blake was opposed to the classicism of the 18th century.2) His poems were full of romantic spirit, imagery symbolism and revolutionary spirit.3) He was a Pre-Romanticist or forerunner of the romantic poetry of the 19th century.Comments on Burns & His Poems1. Burns was one of the most famous poetsof the peasants in the world.2. He obtained the characteristic of all old Scottish songs: simplicity, vividness, humor, directness and optimism, with anew spirit of romanticism.Explanation William Wordsworth poem i wandered lonely【赏析】：这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。
专八英美文学总结
专八英美文学总结1 美国概况1. dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River.（美国最长河，“众河之父”Father of Waters 2. 白人最多Hispanic 第二多，就是拉丁裔的美国人成为美国人数最多的少数民族。
4. America has the world＇s oldest written constitution and political party. 英国没有成文宪法。
7. The New England region＇s cultural character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 8. California最大洲，人最多。
Rhode Island是最小洲。
9. Which of the following is NOT America＇s newspaper? A. Wall Street Journal B. USA today C. Guardian （英国《卫报》）D. The Milwaukee Journal 10. ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, CNN, MTV, HBO 等都是美国主要的新闻与有线电视网络13. 纽约最大城，最重要港口。
14.washington.D.C是以乔治华盛顿和哥伦布命名的George Washington and Christopher Columbus. 16.第一个共和党总统是林肯。
20. The statue of liberty was given to American people by France as a gift in 1884. 、21. Franklin D. Roosevelt＇s 任期最长（12 years）22. Civil War 1861-1865 24.10月30是万圣节。
837英语专业综合大纲
北京林业大学2011年“外国语言学及应用语言学”和“英语语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲（英语专业综合）一、考试大纲的性质英语专业综合是英语专业知识考试，是报考我校“外国语言学及应用语言学”和“英语语言文学”两个学科研究生的专业考试科目之一。
为帮助考生明确考试复习范围和有关的考试要求，特制定本考试大纲。
本考试大纲主要依据我国英语专业普遍开设的部分课程教学大纲进行编制，适用于报考北京林业大学“外国语言学及应用语言学”（方向01-04）和“英语语言文学”两个专业硕士研究生的考生。
非英语专业的考生，应参照英语专业的相关教材进行自学。
二、考试内容考生应掌握以下方面的内容：第一部分语言学语言和语言学，语音，词汇，句法，语义，语言心理和认知，语言、社会文化，语用，文体，语言和计算机，语言学与外语教学，现代语言学主要流派。
第二部分英美文学英国文学：盎格鲁－撒克逊时期起至20世纪英国文学的主要史实，各时期的历史背景、文学流派和主要作家、作品。
美国文学：殖民地时期起至20世纪美国文学的主要史实，各时期的历史背景、文学流派和主要作家、作品。
第三部分英语国家社会与文化英国社会与文化：国家概况，政治制度，经济，教育，外交，媒体，体育和节假日。
美国社会与文化：国家概况，政治制度，经济，宗教，教育，社会运动与社会问题，科技，战后外交，体育和观光胜地，爵士乐。
三、考试要求本考试为知识考试，以考查知识为主，分析为辅。
考生应掌握语言学、文学和英美社会文化方面的基本知识。
四、考试方式及时间考试方式为笔试，时间为3小时。
五、试卷结构试卷满分为150分，题型和分数分配如下：题型为：选择题、填空题、正误判断、解词、答题等。
1. 语言学：卷面100分题，要求报考“外国语言学及应用语言学”专业考生回答。
2. 英美文学：卷面100分题，要求报考“英语语言文学”专业考生回答。
3. 英语国家社会与文化：卷面50分题，要求所有考生回答。
六、复习参考书050201英语语言文学1.英美文学罗经国编注《新编英国文学选读》（第二版，上下册），北大出版社。
专八英美文学和语言学知识总结
一．古英语时期（Old English Literature 公元499—1066 年）古英语时期（—英国文学开山之作：头韵体诗歌（《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）头韵体诗歌（alliteration））开德蒙（Caedmon）：《赞美诗》（Anthem）琴涅武甫（Cynewulf）：《十字架之梦》（Dream of the Rood）比德（Bede）：《英吉利人教会史》（Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum）阿尔弗雷德大帝（King Alfred）：《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》（Anglo-Saxon Chronicle），被誉为“英国散文之父”Father “英国散文之父”（of English Prose））世纪）二．中古英语时期（Medieval English Literature 公元1066 年—15 世纪）中古英语时期（头韵体诗歌：《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight）英国名谣：《罗宾汉名谣集》（The Robin Hood Ballads）威廉·兰格伦（William Langland）：《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》（The Vision Concerning piers the Plowman）杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）：英国中世纪最伟大的诗人诗人，享有“英国诗歌之父英国诗歌之父”的美誉（Father of English Poetry）。
诗人英国诗歌之父（）代表作：八音节（octosyllabic）英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）诗歌八音节（（The 八音节）英雄双韵体（）诗歌《坎特布雷故事集》Canterbury Tales）。
托马斯·马洛礼（Sir Thomas Malory）：英国15 世纪优秀的散文家，代表作为《亚瑟王之死》散文家（Le Morte d’Arthur）散文世纪末—世纪）三．文艺复兴时期（Renaissance 15 世纪末—17 世纪）文艺复兴时期（托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）：伟大的人文主义者人文主义者，代表作：《乌托邦》（Utopia）《国王爱德华五世悲戚的一生》，（The 人文主义者painful Life of Edward Ⅴ）. 托马斯·魏厄特（Thomas Wyatt）和亨利·霍华德（Henry Howard）的十四行诗（Sonnet）。
英语专八英美文学常识汇总17571
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。
the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。
"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。
gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。
the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.英格兰脊梁：指的是山脉的背脊。
lead ore: british lead ores have been worked since pre-roman times. it contains silver.铅矿：自前罗马时代开始，英国的铅矿就被开发了。
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