浅析短篇小说THE LOTTERY
The lottery-Shirley Jackson
摸彩——论谢莉杰克逊六月27日的早晨晴朗无云，有着盛夏时节新鲜的温暖；花儿开得繁茂，草儿·长得绿油油。
十点钟左右，村里的人们开始在邮局和银行间的广场上聚集；有些城镇因为人太多，摸彩不得不花上两天，而且要在六月2日开始，但是在这个村子里，只有三百来人，摸彩的全程至多不会超过两小时，所以可以在早晨十点钟开始，并且仍能够让村民们准时回家吃上午饭。
首先J合来的当然是孩子们。
最近学校在放暑假，自由感不安地降落在多数人身上；在他们疯玩起来之前，他们往往会安静地聚在一起一会儿。
他们谈论的仍是学校和老师，书本和惩戒。
博比·马丁已经在他的衣兜里塞满了石子，其他男孩子很快也学起他的样子，挑选了最圆滑的石头；博比和哈里·琼斯还有迪克·戴拉克罗莱——村里人都把这个姓读作“戴拉克罗利”——最后终于在广场一角堆出了一个大石堆，他们守护着石堆，不让其他男孩袭击它。
女孩们站在一边，互相聊着，转过头看到哥哥姐姐们蜂拥而来或是偎依而行。
不久，男人们开始聚来了。
他们看着自己的孩子，讲着种地、雨水、拖拉机还有税收的事。
他们站在一起，离角落里那堆石头很远，他们开的玩笑有些单调，他们只是平静地笑笑。
女人们穿着褪了色的便装和毛衫，继她们的丈夫之后不久也来了。
她们彼此招呼着，闲谈上一两句，然后加入到她们丈夫的行列里。
很快，这些站在丈夫身边的女人们开始喊她们的孩子，孩子们来得很不情愿，必须要叫四、五遍。
博比·马丁躲开了他妈妈抓过来的手，笑着，又跑回到石堆那里。
他爸爸厉声喊了一下，博比赶快过来了，站到爸爸和哥哥中间。
这次摸彩——就像广场舞会、少年俱乐部、万圣节前夕的节目——由夏莫斯先生主持。
他有时间和精力来投身于市民的活动。
他是个圆脸、快活的男人，他经营煤炭生意，人们很可怜他，因为他没有孩子，妻子又是个那样的泼妇。
当他带着黑木箱来到广场时，村民们窃窃私语起来，他挥挥手，喊道，“今天有点晚了，乡亲们。
The Lottery
In the first round of the lottery, Bill Hutchinson gets the one slip with a black spot, meaning that his family has been chosen. In the next round, each Hutchinson family member draws a slip, and Bill's wife Tessie—who had arrived late—gets the marked slip. In keeping with tradition, each villager obtains a stone and begins to surround Tessie. The story ends as Tessie is stoned to death while she bemoans[be'məun] 惋惜；为…恸哭the unfairness of the situation.
Mr. Summers is the shiny磨光的,磨损的surface of the lottery .He is quite the innovator: he wants to make a new black box because the old one is getting shabby . He cares about surface and not content. But behind all of his reforming – his call for a new box and paper instead of wood . Like the boys, Mr. Summers is filled with energy, but unlike the boys, he doesn‘t direct that enthusiasm to the root of the lottery, the stones. Instead, he works wholeheartedly to give the lottery a new face for the 20th century; he suggests strips of paper instead of chips of wood to save space, but what is paper except milled磨损的 wood?
9- The Lottery
The Lottery (彩票)By Shirley JacksonThe morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming (开放) profusely (丰富，大量地) and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o‟clock; in some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 20th. But in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two ho urs, so it could begin at ten o‟clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.The children assembled (集合) first, of course. School was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous (喧闹) play. And their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands (训斥). Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix -- the villagers pronounced this name "Dellacroy" -- eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids (偷袭) of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys. And the very small children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.Soon the men began to gather. Surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded (褪色) house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked (躲过) under his mother‟s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother.The lottery was conducted -- as were the square dances, the teen club, the Halloween program -- by Mr. Summers who had time and energy to devote to civic activities. He was a round-faced, jovial (快活) man and he ran the coal business, and people were sorry for him. Because he had no children and his wife was a scold (好骂人). When he arrived in the square, carrying the black wooden box, there was a murmur of conversation among the villagers, and he waved and called. "Little late today, folks." The postmaster (邮政局局长), Mr. Graves, followed him, carrying a three-legged stool (凳子), and the stool was put in the center of the square and Mr. Summers set the black box down on it. The villagers kept their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool. And when Mr. Summers said, "Some of you fellows want to give me a hand?" There was a hesitation before two men. Mr. Martin and his oldest son, Baxter came forward to hold the box steady on the stool while Mr. Summers stirred up (搅拌) the papers inside it.The original paraphernalia (设备，附件) for the lottery had been lost long ago, and the black box now resting on the stool had been put into use even before Old Man Warner, the oldest man intown, was born. Mr. Summers spoke frequently to the villagers about making a new box, but no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box. There was a story that the present box had been made with some pieces of the box that had preceded (之前) it, the one that had been constructed when the first people settled down to make a village here. Every year, after the lottery, Mr. Summers began talking again about a new box, but every year the subject was allow ed to fade off without anything‟s being done. The black box grew shabbier (破旧) each year: by now it was no longer completely black but splintered (裂成碎片) badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained (弄脏的，有斑点的).Mr. Martin and his oldest son, Baxter, held the black box securely on the stool until Mr. Summers had stirred the papers thoroughly with his hand. Because so much of the ritual (仪式) had been forgotten or discarded, Mr. Summers had been successful in having slips of paper substituted for (取代) the chips of wood (木片) that had been used for generations. Chips of wood, Mr. Summers had argued, had been all very well when the village was tiny, but now that the population was more than three hundred and likely to keep on growing, it was necessary to use something that would fit more easily into the black box. The night before the lottery, Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves made up the slips of paper and put them in the box, and it was then taken to the safe of Mr. Summers‟ coal company and locked up until Mr. Summers was ready to take it to the square next morning. The rest of the year, the box was put way, sometimes one place, sometimes another; it h ad spent one year in Mr. Graves‟s barn (谷仓) and another year underfoot (脚底下) in the post office. And sometimes it was set on a shelf in the Martin grocery and left there.There was a great deal of fussing (琐事) to be done before Mr. Summers declared the lottery open. There were the lists to make up -- of heads of families (家里的领头人). Heads of households in each family. Members of each household in each family. There was the proper swearing-in (宣誓就职) of Mr. Summers by the postmaster, as the official (正式) of the lottery; at one time, some people remembered, there had been a recital (朗诵，吟诵) of some sort, performed by the official of the lottery, a perfunctory (例行公事，马马虎虎的) tuneless (不成调子) chant (赞美诗，歌) that had been rattled off (飞快地说或唱) duly each year; some people believed that the official of the lottery used to stand just so when he said or sang it, others believed that he was supposed to walk among the people, but years and years ago this part of the ritual (仪式) had been allowed to lapse (流逝). There had been, also, a ritual salute (致敬), which the official of the lottery had had to use in addressing each person who came up to draw from the box, but this also had changed with time, until now it was felt necessary only for the official to speak to each person approaching. Mr. Summers was very good at all this in his clean white shirt and blue jeans with one hand resting carelessly on the black box. He seemed very proper and important as he talked interminably (无限地，漫无止境地) to Mr. Graves and the Martins.Just as Mr. Summers finally left off talking and turned to the assembled villagers, Mrs. Hutchinson came hurriedly along the path to the square, her sweater thrown over her shoulders, and slid (溜进) into place in the back of the crowd. "Clean forgot what day it was," she said to Mrs. Delacroix, who stood next to her, and they both laughed softly. "Thought my old man was out back stacking (堆积) wood," Mrs. Hutchinson went on. "And then I looked out the window and the kids was gone, and then I remembered it was the twenty-seventh and came a-running." She dried her hands on her apron (围裙), and Mrs. Delacroix said, "Y ou‟re in time, though. They‟re still talking away up there."Mrs. Hutchinson craned (伸长脖子) her neck to see through the crowd and found her husband and children standing near the front. She tapped Mrs. Delacroix on the arm as a farewell and began to make her way through the crowd. The people separated good-humoredly to let her through: two or three people said in voices just loud enough to be heard across the crowd, "Here comes your, Missus Hutchinson," and "Bill, she made it after all." Mrs. Hutchinson reached her husband, and Mr. Summers, who had been waiting, said cheerfully. "Thought we were going to have to get on without you, Tessie." Mrs. Hutchinson said, grinning, "Wouldn‟t have me leave m‟dishes in the sink, now, would you, Joe?" and soft laughter ran through the crowd as the people stirred back into position after Mrs. Hutchinson‟s arrival."Well, now." Mr. Summers said soberly (严肃), "guess we better get started, get this over with, so we can go back to work. Anybody ain‟t here?""Dunbar." several people said. "Dunbar. Dunbar."Mr. Summers consulted his list. "Clyde Dunbar." he said. "That‟s right. He‟s broke his leg, hasn‟t he? W ho‟s drawing for him?""Me. I guess," a woman said. And Mr. Summers turned to look at her. "Wife draws for her husband." Mr. Summers said. "Don‟t you have a grown boy to do it for you, Janey?" Although Mr. Summers and everyone else in the village knew the answer perfectly well, it was the business of the official of the lottery to ask such questions formally. Mr. Summers waited with an expression of polite interest while Mrs. Dunbar answered."Horace‟s not but sixteen yet." Mrs. Dunbar said regretfully (遗憾). "Guess I gotta fill in for the old man this year.""Right." Mr. Summers said. He made a note on the list he was holding. Then he asked, "Watson boy drawing this year?"A tall boy in the crowd raise d his hand. "Here," he said. "I‟m drawing for my mother and me." He blinked his eyes nervously and ducked his head as several voices in the crowd said things like "Good fellow, lack." and "Glad to see your mother‟s got a man to do it.""Well," Mr. Summers said, "guess that‟s everyone. Old Man Warner make it?""Here," a voice said. And Mr. Summers nodded.A sudden hush (安静) fell on the crowd as Mr. Summers cleared his throat and looked at the list. "All ready?" he called. "Now, I‟ll read the names -- heads of families first -- and the men come up and take a paper out of the box. Keep the paper folded in your hand without looking at it until everyone has had a turn. Everything clear?"The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions: most of them were quiet, wetting their lips, not looking around. Then Mr. Summers raised one hand high and said, "Adams." A man disengaged (脱离) himself from the crowd and came forward. "Hi, Steve." Mr. Summers said. And Mr. Adams said, "Hi, Joe." They grinned at one another humorlessly (一本正经地) and nervously. Then Mr. Adams reached into the black box and took out a folded paper. He held it firmly by one corner as he turned and went hastily back to his place in the crowd where he stood a little apart from his family not looking down at his hand."Allen." Mr. Summers said. "Anderson.... Bentham.""Seems like there‟s no time at all between lotteries any more." Mrs. Delacroix said to Mrs. Graves in the back row."Seems like we got through with the last one only last week.""Time sure goes fast. -- Mrs. Graves said."Clark.... Delacroix""There goes my old man." Mrs. Delacroix said. She held her breath while her husband went forward."Dunbar," Mr. Summers said, and Mrs. Dunbar went steadily to the box while one of the women said. "Go on, Janey," and another said, "There she goes.""We‟re next." Mrs. Graves said. She watched while Mr. Graves came around from the side of the box, greeted Mr. Summers gravely and selected a slip of paper from the box. By now, all through the crowd there were men holding the small folded papers in their large hand. Turning them over and over nervously Mrs. Dunbar and her two sons stood together, Mrs. Dunbar holding the slip of paper."Harburt.... Hutchinson.""Get up there, Bill," Mrs. Hutchinson said. And the people near her laughed."Jones.""They do say," Mr. Adams said to Old Man Warner, who stood next to him, "that over in the north village they‟re talking of giving up the lottery."Old Man Warner snorted (哼了一声). "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening to the young folks, nothing‟s good enough for them. Next thing you know, they‟ll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any more, live that way for a while. Used to be a saying about …Lotte ry in June, corn be heavy soon.‟ First thing you know, we‟d all be eating stewed chickweed (繁缕，一种植物名) and acorns (橡子). There‟s always been a lottery," he added petulantly (坏脾气地). "Bad enough to see young Joe Summers up there joking with everybody.""Some places have already quit lotteries." Mrs. Adams said."Nothing but trouble in that," Old Man Warner said stoutly (坚决地). "Pack of young fools.""Martin." And Bobby Martin watched his father go forward. "Overdyke.... Percy.""I wish they‟d hurry," Mrs. Dunbar said to her older son. "I wish they‟d hurry.""They‟re almost through," her son said."Y ou get ready to run tell Dad," Mrs. Dunbar said.Mr. Summers called his own name and then stepped forward precisely and selected a slip from the box. Then he called, "Warner.""Seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery," Old Man Warner said as he went through the crowd. "Seventy-seventh time.""Watson" The tall boy came awkwardly through the crowd. Someone said, "Don‟t be nervous, Jack," and Mr. Summers said, "Take your time, son.""Zanini."After that, there was a long pause, a breathless pause, until Mr. Summers holding his slip of paper in the air, said, "All right, fellows." For a minute, no one moved, and then all the slips of paper were opened. Suddenly, all the women began to speak at once, saving. "Who is it?," "Who‟s got it?," "Is it the Dunbars?," "Is it the Watsons?" Then the voices began to say, "It‟s Hutchinson. It‟s Bill," "Bill Hutchinson‟s got it.""Go tell your father," Mrs. Dunbar said to her older son.People began to look around to see the Hutchinsons. Bill Hutchinson was standing quiet, staring down at the paper in his hand. Suddenly, Tessie Hutchinson shouted to Mr. Summers. "Y ou didn‟t give him time enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn‟t fair!""Be a good sport, Tessie." Mrs. Delacroix called, and Mrs. Graves said, "All of us took the same chance.""Shut up, Tessie," Bill Hutchinson said."Well, everyone," Mr. Summers said, "that was done pretty fast, and now we‟ve got to be hurrying a little more to get done in time." He consulted his next list. "Bill," he said, "you draw for the Hutchinson family. Y ou got any other households in the Hutchinsons?""There‟s Don and Eva," Mrs. Hutchinson yelled. "Make them take their chance!""Daughters draw with their husbands‟ families, Tessie," Mr. Summers said gently. "Y ou know that as well as anyone else.""It wasn‟t fair," Tessie said."I guess not, Joe." Bill Hutchinson said regretfully. "My daughter draws with her husband‟s family; that‟s only fair. And I‟ve got no other family except the kids.""Then, as far as drawing for families is concerned, it‟s you," Mr. Summers said in explanation, "and as far as drawing for households is concerned, that‟s you, too. Right?""Right," Bill Hutchinson said."How many kids, Bill?" Mr. Summers asked formally."Three," Bill Hutchinson said."There‟s Bill, Jr., and Nancy, and little Dave. And Tessie and me.""All right, then," Mr. Summers said. "Harry, you got their tickets back?"Mr. Graves nodded and held up the slips of paper. "Put them in the box, then," Mr. Summers directed. "Take Bill‟s and put it in.""I think we ought to start over," Mrs. Hutchinson said, as quietly as she could. "I tell you it wasn‟t fair. Y ou didn`t give him time enough to choose. Everybody saw that."Mr. Graves had selected the five slips and put them in the box. And he dropped all the papers but those onto the ground where the breeze caught them and lifted them off."Listen, everybody," Mrs. Hutchinson was saying to the people around her."Ready, Bill?" Mr. Summers asked. And Bill Hutchinson, with one quick glance around at his wife and children, nodded."Remember," Mr. Summers said. "Take the slips and keep them folded until each person has taken one. Harry, you help little Dave." Mr. Graves took the hand of the little boy, who came willingly with him up to the box. "Take a paper out of the box, Davy." Mr. Summers said. Davy put his hand into the box and laughed. "Take just one paper." Mr. Summers said. "Harry, you hold it for him." Mr. Graves took the child‟s hand and removed the folded paper from the tight fist and held it while little Dave stood next to him and looked up at him wonderingly."Nancy next," Mr. Summers said. Nancy was twelve, and her school friends breathed heavily as she went forward switching her skirt, and took a slip daintily (优美地) from the box "Bill, Jr.," Mr. Summers said, and Billy, his face red and his feet overlarge, near knocked the box over as he got a paper out. "Tessie," Mr. Summers said. She hesitated for a minute, looking around defiantly (挑战地), and then set her lips and went up to the box. She snatched (抢) a paper out and held it behind her."Bill," Mr. Summers said, and Bill Hutchinson reached into the box and felt around, bringing his hand out at last with the slip of paper in it.The crowd was quiet. A girl whispered, "I hope it‟s not Nancy," and the sound of the whisper reached the edges of the crowd."It‟s not the way it used to be." Old Man W arner said clearly. "People ain‟t the way they used to be.""All right," Mr. Summers said. "Open the papers. Harry, you open little Dave‟s."Mr. Graves opened the slip of paper and there was a general sigh through the crowd as he held it up and everyone could see that it was blank. Nancy and Bill Jr. opened theirs at the same time and both beamed and laughed turning around to the crowd and holding their slips of paper above their heads."Tessie," Mr. Summers said. There was a pause, and then Mr. Summers looked at Bill Hutchinson, and Bill unfolded his paper and showed it. It was blank."It‟s Tessie," Mr. Summers said, and his voice was hushed. "Show us her paper, Bill."Bill Hutchinson went over to his wife and forced the slip of paper out of her hand. It had a black spot on it, the black spot Mr. Summers had made the night before with the heavy pencil in the coal company office. Bill Hutchinson held it up, and there was a stir in the crowd."All right, folks." Mr. Summers said. "Let‟s finish quickly."Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remembered to use stones. The pile (堆) of stones the boys had made earlier was ready; there were stones on the ground with the blowing scraps (碎屑) of paper that had come out of the box Delacroix selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands and turned to Mrs. Dunbar. "Come on," she said. "Hurry up."Mr. Dunbar had small stones in both hands, and he said gasping for breath. "I can‟t run at all. Y ou‟ll have to go ahead and I‟ll catch up with you."The children had stones already. And someone gave little Davy Hutchinson few pebbles (鹅卵石).Tessie Hutchinson was in the center of a cleared space by now, and she held her hands out desperately as the villagers moved in on her. "It isn‟t fair," she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head. Old Man Warner was saying, "Come on, come on, everyone." Steve Adams was in the front of the crowd of villagers, with Mrs. Graves beside him.“It isn‟t fair, it isn‟t right,” Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her.。
THE LOTTERY SUMMARY 摘要写作
Summary Writing of The LotteryThe story started in a small village, which had a small population but a long history. Thus, there was a traditional activity in this village every year, called “the lottery”.It was a pretty morning of June 27th. The people of the village began to gather together in the square around ten o’clock. The children assembled first, making a great pile of stones in one corner of the square, and filled their pockets with the stones. Sooner, the women arrived after their husbands. They called their children back and started waiting the lottery began.This lottery was conducted by Mr.Summers, as usual. He came here with the black wooden box, and put it on a three-legged stool, which carried by Mr. Graves, the postmaster of this village. About the black wooden box, everyone knew that it was the one replaced the original one, but no one care about making a new one instead, even as much tradition as was represented by the black Before the lottery, there were something had to be done. Mr.Summers and Mr. Graves made up the slips of paper and put them in the box. Also, there were lists of heads of families, heads of households in each family, members of each household in each family, needed to be made up. And there was the proper swearing-in of Mr.Summers by the postmaster, as the official of the lottery. At last, Mr. Summers had a speech. Just as he finally finished talking, Mrs.Hutchinson came hurriedly. And then, the lottery began.Mr.Summers asked if everyone was here. Then, each villager came to reach into the black box and took out a folded paper one by one. In this process, people chatted about the lottery, which they were familiar to.When everybody finished, there was a long pause, until Mr, Summers asked who got the paper. It was Bill Hutchinson. Getting the result, Bill’s wife, Tessie, shouted to Mr.Summers and tried to let her daughter in. Mr.Summers refused these words and started a new turn, among the Hutchinsons. Bill, his wife, and their three children, took the paper one by one as they had done just now. Mr.Summers opened the paper one by one, and the last one, owned by Tessie, was signed.Mr.Summers told everyone to finished this lottery quickly in the end. And Tessie was in the center of a cleared space by then. The only thing she could do was screaming, while the villagers were throwing the stones on her head.。
the lottery
• This story happened on a wonderful morning of June 27th , which was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a fullsummer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green.
• It seemed that the author created a peace, calm and quiet atmosphere, and this small town was filled with vigor.
• But actually the beginning added to the horror of the story. In that the author did not tell us where exactly the story happened, giving us the space to imagine the lottery taking place anywhere, in any small town. • The author indicated the ironic ending through the beginning.
• It turned out to be a cruel and horrible one in the ending.
•
Байду номын сангаас
The themes
• I think that violence is a major theme in “The Lottery.
学年论文正文
安徽工业大学学年论文A Litetray Analysis about The Lottery by Shirley Jackson┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 装 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 订 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 线 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊AbstractIn story The Lottery tells the traditional annual draw ritual in an ordinary American town, but the winner would be scrailced for harvest in June. Shirley Jackson employed her unique style to convey the inhumanity, cruelty of people and victimization of individual which brought her fame and criticism. People appreciate literary devices such as conflicts,characterization, symbolism and irony in the The lottery. This paper will focus on the lexical means,writing techniques and characteristics of grammer in The Lottery.Key words : Shirly Jackson; short story; exical means;; writing techniques; grammerfeatures摘要小说《摸彩》讲述了美国一个普通镇子里一年一度的传统的摸彩习俗， 但是赢者会被用做祈祷丰收的祭品。
The Lottery
The LotteryThe article is mainly about a traditional ceremony in a village. Every year, people will use black box to choose one person, that person win the lottery and he will be thrown stones by other villagers.In the very beginning, after seeing the title we probably get confused what’s the lottery, is it like winning a lot of money or others? Seeing the first paragraph, the morning of June 27th was clear and sunny day,with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. All the villagers gathered in the square. The author also mentioned that some villages’ ritual would take two days and this village were only about three hurdred people so it wouldn’t took that long.The first time I read this,I didn’t feel strange and I clearly remembered that I thought the lottery was like all the villagers choose one people to get a sum of money. Nonetheless, knowing the real meaning of the lottery, I read again.It’s strange and the author still mentioned that the weather was nice and flowers were blossoming profusely, also claimed that there was still be time for villagers to come home for noon dinner.Imagine after someone was dead, you were still eating your noon dinner. The author foreshadowed that villagers were get used to it.Looking through the second paragraph, the author smoothly wrote about the children and said that children like Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones and other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones. And eventually they made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. Moreover, the girl standing beside and talking among themselves. This part of describing stones foreshadowed the climax of the story. In addition, the boys were preparing stones and girls were talking. Looking through the details, I thought that girls would be afraid of this thing but they were chatting. Even the most craven group was used of it, that showed this ritual was holding many times.They stood together, away from the piles of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed. And the women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk.Showing that the adults were a little bit afraid of the lottery, and what’s more children were carefree, but the atmosphere among the adults were serious and they didn’t want to make a joke.The next paragraph showed the dark side of the lottery, it was like the appetizer of the square dances and the teen-age club, the Halloween program. Thinking about the Halloween program.Looking into the details, Mr.Summers said，“Some of you fellows want to give me a hand?” there was a hesitation before two men, Mr Martin and his oldest son, Baxter, came forward to hold the box steady on the stool while Mr.Summers stirred up the papers inside it. The people in the village had the fearness of the black box.Because when Mr.Summers asked for help, there was a hesitation. This paragraph was near the climax of the story.Author gave some descriptions of the box, the black box grew shabbier each year by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained. Also, the steps of the ritual were very intricate and abundant, Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves made up theslips of paper and put them in the box, and it was then taken to the safe of Mr. Summers was ready to take it to the square next morning. The rest of the year, the box was put away, sometimes one place, sometimes another. According to this, it’s obvious that people of the village didn’t want to remember this ritual.Glance at Mrs. Hutchinson, she came hurriedly along the path to the square, she seemed forget the lottery. She could avoid this lottery, because no one remembered her, but she still came and took part in the lottery. Moreover, though your leg was broken, your family would instead of you. “Wife draws for her husband?”this sentence was strange and it drew readers’ interests. The mainpoint was behind it, Mr. Adams said to Onld Man Warner, who stood next to him,“that over the north village they’re talking of giving up the lottery.” Whereas, the old man snorted and said “ Pack of crazy fools”, I thought this part showed the thesis of the article, we can see that people didn’t want to change the tradition which are harmful for them. They were like the dulls.Aftering choosing the papers, there was a long pause, a breatheless pause,until Mr. Summers, holding his slip of paper in the air. Bill got it and Tessie always said that this was unfair but it was no use, till now, we still don’t know what the real lottery was, but we can guess that it was not so simple. People were afraid of the lottery but no one said this ritual should be canceled. Tessie still said this was unfair that she wasn’t given the time to choose, she wanted to avoid this lottery. The Hutchinson would choose the papers, when Nancy began to pick up the paper, her classmates were all concerned about her. From these, we can see that this ritual was horrible and terrible for the villagers.Eventually, Mrs. Hutchinson won the lottery, she creamed but the all the villagers picked up the stones that they have prepared. Some children even gave little Dave Hutchinson a few pebbles. Finally understand that the lottery was to choose a people to die. People of the village felt dumb about it, some children might not know what has happened but their families died in front of them.Although Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, yet then they were upon her.After reading this article, I felt that this ceremony was nauseous and full of horror. The villagers didn’t look for the solution of the lottery, they didn’t try to avoid it though they were afraid. People were appearing like “it’s none of my business, there are many people in the village, it might not be me.”These fluke minds spread the whole town and no one wanted to change it. The result was the villagers all died from this lottery. From this article, we can see that people were afraid to change, we can see through them. I see the indifference, social living style, classes in the family from this article.The author wrote this article to satirize these people who were dumb and didn’t want to change the bad tradition.标化期末作业高一17班孟昕琦。
lottery
刘育伟10164700157The lottery“T he lottery”, firstly appeared in the New Yorker in 1948, is a 3,000-words story created by Shirley Jackson which tells a rite in a village to select one person to be sacrificed for the harvest annually. The story became the heating topic the moment it came out but the writer kept silence in order for readers’ own perspective. I didn’t like the story at all as Ithoug ht the story is boring.The story took place in an unknown village, where lives only about 300 people. Mr. Summers, the host of the ceremony, had noted a piece of special paper with a black point on and mixed it with other paper without a point in the box the day before the lottery. On June 27th, all villagers assembled for the lottery except for Clyde Dunbar, who had broken his leg. Every family’s behalf queued to get a piece of paper from the box. The drawing came out that the Hutchinsons got the lottery, which means one of the family would be a sacrifice. Then came the second round of the lottery. Mrs. Hutchinson got the special one and was thrown to death by stones.When it comes to my reflection, frankly speaking, I dislike the story. Firstly, it’s anu ninteresting story so it’s really suffering to finish the reading. I found it hard to understand why people must use stones to kill someone else. On the other hand, compared with famous writerssuch as O. Henry, whose story is short but fascinating and has an unexpected ending, this writer’s is redundant and too ordinary.The author intended to tell us that some unnecessary rite should be abolished. And his purpose was achieved successfully by satire. The setting is also another spotlight as thebackground is very vague and as the writer wanted to emphasize the phenomenon is very common. However, the story is just full of different kinds of people which makes it hard to analyze what do they stand for.To conclude, the story is difficult to understand, and I d idn’t recommend this story as the writer used a way beyond someone’s comprehension to express his ordinary idea. Maybe i t’s a good satire but it’s not a good story for you to relax.。
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浅析短篇小说ＴＨＥＬＯＴＴＥＲＹ
作者：冯晓玲
来源：《新课程研究·职业教育》2008年第05期
[摘要]本文选择了美国女作家雪莉·杰克逊的短篇小说（节选），从文体学的三个方面（词汇手法、连贯性、语法）来分析作家是如何叙述一个表面上是幸运的，而实际上是荒诞离奇的故事，从而表达了故事的主题，即揭露了人类固有的愚昧无知和村民们之间的冷酷无情和漠然。
[关键词]短篇小说雪莉·杰克逊文体学词汇手法连贯性语法
在这篇论文里，我想根据Style in Fiction一书中的文体学检查表来简单地分析一下短篇小说中的几个段落。
我所选择的短篇小说（节选）是由美国女作家雪莉·杰克逊所写，这篇短篇小说发表于1949年。
这是一个关于奇怪习俗的荒诞故事。
村民们每年六月都要举行一次抽签。
他们聚集在镇上的广场，每个家庭的户主代表这家去抽签，谁抽到做了记号的纸片就表示这家人中奖了。
中奖的家庭进行第二轮抽签，谁在第二轮抽到做了记号的纸片就要被村民们扔石头。
换言之，谁最后中奖了，奖品就是被石头扔死为止。
在这个故事里，苔西·赫金逊太太成为了代罪羔羊。
雪莉·杰克逊的小说是寓言短故事的一个很好的例子。
抽签这种传统活动已经在这个小镇上存在了七十多年之久；村民们不再质疑这种活动，而只是盲目地跟从。
在现代社会，不管出于何种原因，把一个人活活用石头扔死，都是极其残酷和诡异的惩罚，是令人发指的。
本文清晰地表达了作者对于人类隐藏在传统和习俗后面的邪恶本质的感觉。
杰克逊用象征手法呈现了本文的主题，即揭露了人类固有的愚昧无知和村民们之间的冷酷无情和漠然。
象征手法贯穿了故事的背景、物件、人物行为，甚至在时间的设置和幸运参与者的名字里。
作者运用了很多手法来表述她的观点，其中，象征手法和讽刺这两种最为显著。
在这篇论文里，我仅仅集中在文体学的三个方面来分析一下：
首先，在词汇手法方面（lexical means），杰克逊选择了简单和准确的词汇来描写和铺设故事的背景。
抽签活动愉快地开始了：“Clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green。
”在这里，杰克逊用了四个简单的形容词来描绘出一幅生机盎然的初夏景象。
这样的开篇很容易让读者一不留神就昏昏欲睡。
在第一段中，作者用了began，started，gather，took和allow等日常常用的动词来表示村民的行动。
村民都是这个普通小镇上的普通人，他们是愉快的，友好的，又是质朴的。
作者一开始就铺设好整个故事的背景，这个背景创造出一种宁静和安详的气氛。
作者描绘的是一个典型小镇上的一个寻常的夏日清早；而她正是用这个开端来预示一个极具讽刺意味的结尾。
首先，她告诉读者这个故事发生在一年中的哪个季节，一天中的哪个时间。
这会让读者注意到这一天在这个小镇上是多么不寻常的一天——时间是设置在一年中初夏的一个清早。
作者同时也描述了学校刚刚放暑假，因此才会出现孩子们在那一天到处跑，四散奔走相告的景象。
更进一步，她又描写了花儿和草儿：百花齐放，草地一片碧绿。
（the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green.）这些对于周围环境的描写给了读者一种宁静和安详的感觉。
同时，这也让读者感到舒服，好像不会有什么坏事情发生在这个宁静的小镇上。
第二，在上下文关联和连贯性方面（context and coherence），杰克逊运用不同的单词来表示同样的概念。
连贯性是指一篇文章中意义的持续性。
它处理的是文章中隐藏的含义。
它是一种概念的协调一致。
正如以下这个例子：“The children assembled first, of course. School was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands.” 在此例中，当我们考量“学校”这个观念，所有的概念（包括孩子们、学校、课室、老师、书本和批评）都是处于一个协调一致的整体中的。
为了达成文章的连贯性，我们使用一些方法，其中之一是分解（decomposition）。
例如以下这个例子中的“man”这个单词：“Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes.” “man”这个单词的概念可以有许多方面；然而，当上下文的含义是指村子里的男人（“man” in the village）时，这个单词的概念就可以从上下文来限制它的意义了（这时候它不可能是“人类”这个含义）。
传播刺激（Spreading activation）是达成文章的连贯性的另一种途径。
本文的题目本身实际上激活了读者对于题目的理解，即相关的概念和背景信息。
“The Lottery” 这个题目激活了以下相关概念：gathering, box, slip of papers, people。
第三，在语法方面（grammatical means），杰克逊运用了各种方式来构成句子。
反复（Recurrence）这种修辞手法在故事里经常出现。
华纳说“一群傻疯子”（Pack of crazy fools），然后他重复又说“一群年轻的蠢货”（Pack of young fools）。
第二个词组（Pack of young fools）是作为重复第一个词组（Pack of crazy fools）而出现的，并且更能说明问题。
另一个例子：华纳说“我参加抽签活动已经七十七年了”（Seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery.）然后人群中有人附和着“第七十七次了”（Seventy-seventh time）。
除了反复，这个例子也运用了语调（intonation），因为人群中说这句话的人增加了惊讶的语气，然而这并没有在句子中明确表达出来。
同时，这个重复既是部分反复（partial recurrence），又是同义解释。
本小说的另外一个独特的特色是疑问句的使用，这些疑问句在句子结构上并不是疑问句。
例如以下句子：“Some of you fellows want to give me a hand?” “Anybody ain’t here?” “Watson boy drawing this year?” “Old Man Warner make it?” “ Everything clear?” “Right?” “How many kids, Bill?” “Ready, Bill?”这些句子都是语调运用的例子，它们在结构上都是陈述句的语序或者省略了某些句子成分，由于使用了句子的升调，它们都变成了意义上的疑问句。
总而言之，是一个荒诞离奇又令人不安的故事。
它非常简单和直接，确有一个让人毛骨悚然的结局。
参考文献：
[1]Geoffrey N.Leech & Michael H. Short.Style in Fiction—A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002.
[2]周定之.英美文学作品赏析[M].长沙:湖南师范大学出版社,2002.
[3]程爱民.20世纪英美文学论稿[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002.。