基于单片机的智能楼宇火灾报警系统_本科毕业设计论文

天津职业技术师范大学

Tianjin University of Technology and Education 毕业设计

基于单片机的智能楼宇火灾报警系统

Intelligent Buildings Fire Alarm System based on

Single-chip Microcomputer

摘要

火灾是发生频率较高的灾害之一，在任何时间、任何地区都可能发生。随着社会经济的发展，建筑物、构筑物应用材料变的多样性，易燃材料增加，再加之人们生活环境和生活方式的改变，火灾的危害性日益增加，火灾造成的人员伤亡逐渐增多、经济损失大幅增加。尤其是近几年来，高层建筑大量增加，一旦发生火灾，灭火的难度更大。而一套完整的火灾自动报警系统是高层建筑发生火灾时人们生命财产的有利保障，是能否快速准确地发现火情，把火灾扑灭在萌芽状态的关键所在。

针对目前火灾发生的特点和现状，进行较为系统的需求分析，给出火灾自动报警系统的总体设计、功能模块设计与实现。本文设计了一种智能楼宇火灾报警系统，它主要是由AT89S52单片机、18B20温度传感器和MQ-2烟雾传感器组成。这个系统可实时监控楼道和房间的温度和烟雾等级，当监控的环境温度或者烟雾超过设计值时，系统会产生声光报警，及时提醒人们。即使当传感器发生故障，也可人为的按下紧急报警按钮，从而使人们早发现火灾。这个系统的是可以根据不同的环境设定所需要的报警值，同时具有价格低廉、易于安装等特点。

关键词：火灾报警；AT89S52单片机；18B20温度传感器；MQ-2烟雾传感器

ABSTRACT

Fire is a kind of high frequency. At any time, any region could occur. With the development of social economy, the buildings, fixtures used materials of industry, the diversity and the development of science and technology, and increased flammable materials, people living environment and lifestyle changes, increasing the risk of fire, the fire caused casualties and economic loss increases gradually, especially in recent years, a large increase in high-rise buildings, once the fire extinguishing, the more difficult. And a complete set of automatic fire alarm system is the high-rise building fires the lives and property of the people, is advantageous safeguard that fire could quickly and accurately, a fire in the bud.

This design is aiming at characteristic and status of automatic fire alarm system, combining with a systematic demand analysis. The study gives design and realization of overall design and function module design of automatic fire alarm system.This is a intelligent building fire alarm system, which is mainly composed of AT89S52 SCM, temperature sensor 18B20 and smoke sensor MQ-2. This system can real-time monitor the corridor and room temperature and smoke level, when monitoring ambient temperature or smoke more than the design value, the system will generate audible and visual alarm, timely reminder. Even when sensor faults occur, can also be pressed the emergency alarm button, so that people first discovered fire. This system can be based on different environment setting alarm required, also has the advantages of low cost, easy installation features.

Key Words：Fire alarm；AT89S52 microcontroller；18B20 temperature sensor ；MQ-2 smoke sensor

目录

1 绪论 (1)

1.1课题研究背景及意义 (1)

1.2课题研究现状与发展趋势 (1)

1.3本文的主要工作 (2)

2 火灾自动报警系统的总体设计 (4)

2.1需求分析与总体设计 (4)

2.1.1火灾自动报警系统的需求分析 (4)

2.1.2火灾自动报警系统的总体设计 (4)

2.2单片机的选用及其特性 (5)

2.2.1单片机的选用 (5)

2.2.2 AT89S52的特性 (5)

2.3火灾报警探测器的分类和性能比较 (9)

2.3.1火灾报警探测器的分类 (9)

2.3.2火灾探测器的性能比较 (9)

2.4工作流程设计 (10)

3 系统功能模块的设计与实现 (12)

3.1火灾检测模块的设计与实现 (12)

3.2液晶模块的设计与实现 (20)

3.3声光模块设计与实现 (23)

3.4电源模块设计与实现 (23)

4系统功能模块的软件设计与实现 (24)

4.1温度检测模块软件设计与实现 (24)

4.2烟雾检测模块软件设计与实现 (27)

5系统测试 (30)

6结论 (31)

6.1工作总结 (31)

6.2系统功能的改进与完善 (31)

参考文献 (32)

附录一：硬件电路图 (33)

附录二：程序清单 (33)