gmat曼哈顿语法笔记
曼哈顿语法笔记 第三章 Subject and Verb Agreement 一、Subject and verb must both exist 1、如果一个句子没有主语或动词，就不是完整的句子，是一个fragment。 两种错误方法： （1）One way the GMAT disguises the error is by dropping the verb Wrong: The electron named in 1894. Right: The electron WAS NAMED in 1894. （2）it could start with a Connecting Word and contain no Main Clause Wrong: BECAUSE the dog was never mine.
二、Subject and Verb Must Make Sense Together Wrong: The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling. 能够行驶数百公里的肯定不可能是development而是a car
三、Subject and Verb Must Agree in Number-主谓单复数一致 （1）eliminate these Middlemen words to reveal the subject. common types of middlemen and warmups. A、 prepositional phrase of mice for milk by 1800 in Zambia with her at that level to the store on their orders from the office B、 Subordinate Clauses C、 其他:有的时候comma也是一个信号 （2）Use Structure to Decide （3）And vs. Additive Phrases A、and可以通过将两个或更多单数形式的主语连起来成为一个复数形式的主语 B、additive phrases改变不了主语的单复数形式，作用类似于modifier along with Polly in addition to surgery as well as the mayor accompanied by me together with a tie including salt and pepper （4）Or, Either... Or, & Neither... Nor A、这种情况下找离动词最近的那个名词，由这个名词决定谓语单复数 B、如果仅仅出现了either或者neither，就使用单数形式谓语动词 （5）collective nouns永远被看作单数 People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, team Items: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture （6）Indefinite Pronouns: Usually Singular 但有五个例外一点，可以是单数也可以是复数 THE SANAM PRONOUNS: Some, Any, None, All, More/Most Anyone, anybody, anything No one, nobody, nothing Each, every (aspronouns) Someone, somebody, something Everyone, everybody, everything Whatever, whoever Either, neither (may require a plural verb i f paired with or/nor) （7）each和every永远单数 （8）Subject Phrases and Clauses: Always Singular （9）Flip it Wrong: Near those buildings SIT a lonely house, inhabited by squatters. Flip it! A lonely house, inhabited by squatters, SITS near those buildings. Right: Near those buildings SITS a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.
第四章 Parallelism 一、Parallel element 1、两个句子平行的时候两边都要有主从连词，否则可能有歧义。两边的主从连词不需要identical。Two parallel clauses often both start with subordinators in order to remove ambiguity. The subordinators do not have to be identical. Right: There are many people WHO speak English BUT WHOSE parents do not.
Wrong: Ralph likes BOTH THOSE WHO are popular AND WHO are not. Right: Ralph likes BOTH THOSE WHO are popular AND THOSE WHO are not.
二、Superficial Parallelism vs. Actual Parallelism 1、根据意思判定是否需要平行 Sal applied himself in his new job, arriving early every day, skipping lunch regularly, AND leaving late every night.
三、linking verbs Appear、seem、become、smell、feel、sound、grow、stay、look、taste、remain、turn、represent、resemble 1、将linking verb作为parallel marker对待，使得主语和宾语平行。Treat any linking verb as a parallel marker. Make the subject and the object parallel. Wrong: The bouquet of flowers WAS a giving of love. Right: The bouquet of flowers WAS a gift of love.
2、保证linking verb两端意思平行。You must also ensure that the two sides of the linking verb are parallel in meaning. Wrong: Upon being nominated, this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urban-rural relations in this country. Right: The nomination of this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urban-rural relations in this country.
练习： 1、The museum displays the work of a wide variety of artists, from those who are world renowned to those who are virtually unknown.
2、The blizzard deposited more than a foot of snow on the train tracks, prompted the transit authority to shut down service temporarily, and causing discontent among commuters who were left stranded for hours. 改为： The blizzard deposited more than a foot of snow on the train tracks, prompting the transit authority to shut down service temporarily, and causing discontent among commuters who were left stranded for hours. （Superficial Parallelism vs. Actual Parallelism）
3、Dr. Crock’s claims [HAVE (not) BEEN fCORROBORATED by other scientists @ PUBLISHED in a prestigious journal] (but) HAVE nonetheless GARNERED a great deal of attention from the public].
第五章 Pronouns（代词） 一、the antecedent must exist先行词必须存在 The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires, which would be devastating to it.这句话的it根据逻辑应该指park，但是park是一个形容词，无法作为antecedent，所以这句话不对。 注意那些作为形容词的名词，他们不能成为代词的先行词。先行词必须在句子中作为名词。Watch out for nouns used as adjectives! They cannot be antecedents of pronouns. The antecedent to which you want to refer must actually exist in the sentence as a noun.
GMAT语法笔记--修饰ModifiersbySeven
GMAT语法笔记--修饰ModifiersbySeven修饰Modifiers——现在分词、过去分词和介词短语补Manhattan modifiers extra 部分1.V-ing可修饰（1）名词：the changing season（2）动词及其主语：I lifted the weight, whistling（3）整个从句，只要从句可变成名词形式并发出v-ing动作:Crime has recently decrease, leading to a rise in property values.2.名词的修饰：（1）n. 与n. modifier遵循Touch Rule.Who从句还有where从句也最好与其修饰的主语贴上，不要有其它词在中间。
错：George, both shocking and entertaining audiences across the nation, who also struggled publicly with drug abuse, inspired a generation of comedians. (who就近修饰nation了) 改正：Both shocking and entertaining audiences across the nation, George，who also struggled publicly with drug abuse, inspired a generation of comedians.（2）T ouch rule 的例外a)次级modifier指代名词和首级的modifiers。
e.g. An ice sheet covers [ (80% of the surface of) Greenland], an area roughlythe size of Alaska.b)太长的modifier放最后，中间插入其他。
SentenceCorrection笔记概要
Sentence Correction1.语法考点：-主谓一致-平行-比较-时态-代词的指代-语法结构成分-逻辑含义-简洁2.词的选择：单词辨析3.句子的结构：-主动被动-逻辑意思考点一：主谓一致在曼哈顿里，主谓一致叫“Subject-verb Agreement”，这个Agreement指以下三方面：1)Subject and verb must both exist. 主谓都得有啊，但是注意GMAT里经常把主语“隐藏”起来；2)Subject and verb must make sense together. 这个谓语的发出者得合理；3)Subject and verb must agree in number. 单复同形。
-连接短语（如along with, in addition to, as well as, including, accompanied by）都是修饰作用，谓语应接连接短语前的主语的单复。
-Or, either or, neither nor 就近。
-集合性名词（如agency, army, audience, class, crowd…baggage, citrus, fruit, equipment）应接单数谓语。
-非限定性代词（如-one, -body, -thing）一般为单数。
-对于SANAM（some, any, none, all, most/more）要看带的什么，即of 后的名词。
而any of后不管是什么都是单数。
-Not one也永远是单数。
-Each, every 作主语的，是单数。
（像They each +复）-量词短语（如majority，minority）看句子强调的是整体中的部分（复数）还是整体本身（单数）。
-“Flip it”——GMAT喜欢把主语放在谓语后面来迷惑你。
所以你要flip the words order！也便于你找到主语。
Manhattan语法
My Manhattan(5th) Notes——DaisyotwCH1 SC Basics1.控制在60s~75s2.做题步骤：理解原句，垂直阅读选项，split排除错误，放回原文检查CH2 Grammar&Meaning一.语法：主谓一致，平行，代词，修饰语，动词时态、语态和主被动，比较和习语二.语义：1.词的选择：(1)注意一词多义Economic-经济的；economical-节约的；合算的；有效的Aggravate-加重，恶化；aggravating-令人愤怒的Known as –被认为是，很著名；known to be-被承认…；known forLoss of –失去；loss in-贬值Mandate-命令；have a mandate-拥有选举权Native of- （人）来自；native to –物种起源于Range of –多种的；ranging-变化Rate of –速度或频率；rates for –价格…Rise-上升,无方向，单纯上升；raise-（打赌或工资）上涨，有方向Such as –比如；like-好像（举例只能用such as, 不能用like）Try to do –努力去完成；try doing –尝试去做Impale-刺穿；impel-逼迫(2)情态动词(may,will,must,should)不要随意添加或改变(*should 表“应该”，不表示likelihood;法律法规只能用must不能用should)(3)选项和原文态度一致2.词的位置：关注重点词(all,only)和句子整体顺序3.词的搭配：主谓一致，逻辑一致，make sense三.避免冗余：1. 在一个句子中，不要用两个意思一样的词Rise-increase;sum-total;regain-again;enable-be able to;attempt-try;other than-opposite;drop-decrease;sufficient-enough;including-among;have to–require及近义词then-later; so-in order to2.注意being、having，虽然二者大多数情况是错的，但GMAT也通常会制造一些其他的语法错误，使得此类选项稍好一点。
Manhattan语法重点摘录+附录分析+难点
Manhattan 语法重点摘录+附录分析+难点语法题重点摘录第一章、概要...................................................................... ............................................. 2 第二章、语法和含义 ..................................................................... ................................... 3 第三章、主谓搭配 ..................................................................... . (5)第四章、平行 ..................................................................... ............................................ 8 第五章、代词 ..................................................................... ........................................... 11 第六章、修饰 ..................................................................... ...........................................13 第七章、动词的时态、语气和表达 ..................................................................... ...........20 第八章、比较...................................................................... ............................................26 第十章、零碎知识 ..................................................................... (27)1)ConnectingWords .................................................................. (27)2)connectingpunctuation ............................................................ . (28)3)Quantity ......................................................... .....................................................29 第十一章、简洁，主谓，平行(高阶) .................................................................... .. (30)第十二章、介词和修饰(高阶)..................................................................... .................35 第十三章、动词与比较(高阶) .................................................................... . (40)感谢CD为我提供了这么多的资源，也希望这篇精简能帮到更多的为梦想奋斗的CDer。
GMAT备考方法之OG的使用方法
GMAT备考方法之OG的使用方法在整个考试过程中，无论你有什么样的资料，OG都是整个复习的基础和核心。
很多人都会有疑问OG应该怎么刷。
接下来小编就带大家看看GMAT备考OG的使用方法的相关介绍，希望大家顺利备考GMAT考试。
1)语法：OG+曼哈顿Step 1：1周完成任务①每天完成曼哈顿两个章节的阅读，并总结自己的笔记和体会；②每天完成曼哈顿每个章节后面规定的语法题目；错题先自己纠错，标记错误的原因，回想曼哈顿的知识点对应；Step 2: 3天完成任务①每天完成OG语法五十题，尽量用自己曼哈顿里面看到的知识点做题；②粗看OG的解释，对应知识点又是什么；划出来重要的语法知识点；Step 3：4天完成任务①每天认真阅读OG后面的35题语法解释；体会OG怎么定义这个语法错误的；②总结和归纳曼哈顿的语法知识点笔记：四类四个方向，自己总结对应进去；主谓，修饰，比较并列和指代；Step 4：4天完成任务①每天阅读和翻译OG 35句正确句子；②复习自己总结过的曼哈顿笔记一遍；每天复习一个重点；Step 5：2天完成任务①每天完成Prep+OG的题目50题，模棱两可的题目要查清楚为什么错；②用曼哈顿的知识点+OG的知识点对OG后面的黑体字知识点进行总结；Step 6：4天完成任务①对OG每道题目进行归纳，总结到黑体字和对应曼哈顿语法的知识点；②从黑体字的知识点分类对OG每道题目后面的解释详细看；比如一天就看这几个知识章节的OG题目；Step 7：4天完成任务①每天做语法20-30题，然后也顺带继续看看OG；②从句意和形象化思路上看每句话；这些正确的选项为什么很舒服；2) 逻辑：OG+曼哈顿：Step 1：5天完成任务①每天完成OG25道逻辑题目；知道自己为什么错；②每天阅读曼哈顿逻辑一章，了解逻辑基本概念的定义：结论，假设，前提；③了解逻辑中的削弱，加强，假设结论题什么意思?怎么做；Step 2：6天完成任务①每天完成OG 20道逻辑题目后面的讲解阅读；认真阅读后面的reasoning；②了解逻辑链，找到OG每道题目的结论，他的前提是什么，假设是什么；③每天的这20道题目，用一句话概括出来，和什么相关作用于什么；Step 3：4天完成任务①完成四类逻辑题型的正确选项总结和错误选项的总结；②通过每个专题知识点，对题目进行总结：削弱加强；假设结论，其他；Step 4：5天完成任务①每天翻译25句英语逻辑翻译；②复习自己总结过的对应知识点；每种类型的逻辑题；Step 5：5天完成任务①每天做25道逻辑题目，凭感觉做；②认真看选项他是怎么定义的；3)阅读：OGStep 1：5天完成任务：OG的文章一天4篇，每天做一遍分析一遍，分析的时候要写出每篇文章的逻辑简图，文章的整体中心思想和每段段落大意。
GMAT语法全总结
GMAT 个人语法笔记说明本笔记全面覆盖PREP2008 所有知识点，Manhattan 所有语法点，新东方丽丽所讲的我个人觉得靠谱的语法点，管卫东语法点以及平时真题时遇到的语法点，有很强的覆盖性！编撰此笔记旨在方便各位CDer在需要时查询各个知识点并快速定位到相应解释！时间紧迫的复习者也可直接看此笔记作为复习！需要提醒各位，GMAC最近加大了逻辑和语义的考察力度，在做题中一定要加强逻辑和语义的判断！语法只能作为提速和初步判断的工具！切记！感谢Chasedream和各位大牛的鼎力支持！制作时间：2011年9月18日Like 用法总结一． Like 用法三原则原则一：like比较的是名词和名词。
要找准比较对象。
原则二：Just like 是wordy, like就可以了。
Like**, **also 也是redundant。
原则三：要把like的句子改写成as（连词）引导的从句的话，要补上从句的谓语动词（或助动词），并且该动词和主句的动词应该没有逻辑上的矛盾。
二. Like九条及例题woodorstone总结得挺好。
我自己也总结了9条，改了改发出来，一家之言，仅供参考。
例子太长，没贴，可根据文中题号，到大全987和og里找到。
1. as作连词，like作介词时，才可表示”象...一样”2. like 和 as 的优缺点like优点是，直接接名词，简洁，比as灵活，象得没as那么象。
但有时太灵活以至导致歧义(e.g.,og060.A)。
相比之下as的优点是准确，缺点是过于死板，以致于有时导致逻辑上不通。
（e.g.,og119.C)3. like 常用于比较名词，作独立成分，大部分时候出现在句首。
(e.g.,og091)但like+n.也可作表语 (looks like, reads like (e.g.,大全568))，或普通状语（说普通是区分独立成分）(v.+like+n.,e.g., og119)。
曼哈顿语法笔记
Chapter 3:主谓一致注意主语和谓语之间构成的逻辑意义相符合Wrong: The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.Right: Once developed, a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.主语谓语之间必须做到单复数相符合Eliminate the middlemen and Skip and warmup (准确做到正常的跳读)没有必要的句子成分尽量少读介词短语，从句，其他修饰成分善于利用句子的机构去判断单复数The tidal forces to which an object falling into a black hole is subjected are sufficient to tear the object apart.And 和 additive phases（注意 mathematics，aerobics，diabetes,citus 都是单数的形式）Media 是 medium 的复数形式。
Either or（就近原则确定谓语单复数）集体名词People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, teamItems: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture.用单数Our army of a hundred thousand soldiers is attacking the enemy.不定代词SANAM：some, any, none, all, more/most这几个词语要依据不同情形确定单复数Any of these women is a suitable candidate for marriage to my son.Not one of my friends is here this weekend.Every and eachEvery dog has paws.Every dog and cat has paws.Each of these shirts is pretty.The number of和a number of 的用法要注意注意 there be 句型的单复数There are a young man and an older woman at the bus stop.注意：Pong is a classic game from which have descended many current computer pastimes.（这里用了倒装）相当于那个预言的题目，多多注意Chapter 4：平行准则Wrong: I want to retire to a place where I can relax and I pay low taxes.Right: I want to retire to a place where I can relax and where I pay low taxes.使用 where 能够减少歧义。
曼哈顿SC知识点整理
SC句子改错的基础（不含题）Sentences Correction（简称SC），句子改错。
我们经常称之为“语法”题，但是实际上SC考察的不仅仅是语法，或者说真正的语法考得很少。
这里将全面讲解和介绍整个SC。
问题格式句子改错的格式比较简单，下面是例题：Although William Pereira first gained national recognition for his movie set designs, including those for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations remember him as the architect of the Transamerica Tower, the Malibu campus of Pepperdine University, and the city of Irvine.●(A) including those for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations●(B) like that for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations will●(C) like those for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations●(D) including that for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations will●(E) including those for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations will不要用自己的语言重写句子，我们需要从五个选项中找个相对较好的。
GMAT语法复习之OGVSManhattan
GMAT语法复习之OGVSManhattan对于备考GMAT考试的孩子们来说，OG+曼哈顿是整个GMAT考试的复习的核心也是基础，无论是针对局部还是单项。
今天天道教育小编为大家带来的是GMAT语法复习资料的相关介绍，包括GMAT OG 和GMAT Manhattan，下面天道教育就给大家介绍一下怎么使用OG和GMAT 曼哈顿语法考取GMAT语法高分。
一、 OG和Manhattan都包含哪些内容在GMAT语法复习资料中，OG综合适用于备考的初级介绍，考生可以作为入门辅导资料，对各个单项先进行简单的了解和准备，后期的提升还要看强化练习来实现。
现在最新版本为第2016版;GMAT 曼哈顿语法书籍是配套OG结合改变的，是以九大类SC考察的知识点为顺序，通过集中地逐一突破各个版块，然后交叉学习来完善考生的SC知识网络，如果考生掌握了OG，那么在学习它就会简单很多。
现在最新版本为第6版。
二、怎么使用OG和Manhattan备考语法第一步时长1周，完成任务：① 每天完成曼哈顿两个章节的阅读，并总结自己的笔记和体会;② 每天完成曼哈顿每个章节后面规定的语法题目;错题先自己纠错，标记错误的原因，回想曼哈顿的知识点对应;第二步时长3天，完成任务：① 每天完成OG语法五十题，尽量用自己曼哈顿里面看到的知识点做题;② 粗看OG的解释，对应知识点又是什么;划出来重要的语法知识点;第三步时长4天，完成任务：① 每天认真阅读OG后面的35题语法解释;体会OG怎么定义这个语法错误的;② 总结和归纳曼哈顿的语法知识点笔记：四类四个方向，自己总结对应进去;主谓，修饰，比较并列和指代;第四步时长4天，完成任务：① 每天阅读和翻译OG 35句正确句子;② 复习自己总结过的曼哈顿笔记一遍;每天复习一个重点;第五步时长2天，完成任务：① 每天完成Prep+OG的题目50题，模棱两可的题目要查清楚为什么错;② 用曼哈顿的知识点+OG的知识点对OG后面的黑体字知识点进行总结;第六步时长4天，完成任务：① 对OG每道题目进行归纳，总结到黑体字和对应曼哈顿语法的知识点;② 从黑体字的知识点分类对OG每道题目后面的解释详细看;比如一天就看这几个知识章节的OG 题目;第七步时长4天，完成任务：① 每天做语法20-30题，然后也顺带继续看看OG;② 从句意和形象化思路上看每句话;这些正确的选项为什么很舒服;综上所述就是今天天道教育小编为大家带来的GMAT语法复习资料的相关内容，主要为大家分享的是关于怎么使用OG和Manhattan 考取GMAT语法高分的介绍，希望大家对于GMAT OG和GMAT 曼哈顿语法都能好好利用，更多关于GMAT备考的资讯小编会持续为大家送上，预祝大家考试顺利!天道六步曲为您进行套磁和面试服务我们具体的服务项目如下：1. 指导申请人调查教授的研究方向，确定套磁对象和套磁计划2. 根据需要，指导申请人有计划的做常规套磁和专业套磁3. 针对所选学校做相应的面试辅导4. 根据录取情况提出建议，指导申请人最后选定录取的学校。
GMAT曼哈顿语法中文版之欧阳理创编
My Manhattan(5th) Notes——Daisyotw CH1 SC Basics1.控制在60s~75s2.做题步骤：理解原句，垂直阅读选项，split排除错误，放回原文检查CH2 Grammar&Meaning一.语法：主谓一致，平行，代词，修饰语，动词时态、语态和主被动，比较和习语二.语义：1.词的选择：(1)注意一词多义Economic-经济的；economical-节约的；合算的；有效的Aggravate-加重，恶化； aggravating-令人愤怒的Known as –被认为是，很著名； known to be-被承认…；known forLoss of –失去；loss in-贬值Mandate-命令；have a mandate-拥有选举权Native of- （人）来自；native to –物种起源于Range of –多种的； ranging-变化Rate of –速度或频率； rates for –价格…Rise-上升,无方向，单纯上升；raise-（打赌或工资）上涨，有方向Such as –比如；like-好像（举例只能用such as, 不能用like）Try to do –努力去完成； try doing –尝试去做Impale-刺穿；impel-逼迫(2)情态动词(may,will,must,should)不要随意添加或改变 (*should 表“应该”，不表示likelihood;法律法规只能用must不能用should)(3)选项和原文态度一致2.词的位置：关注重点词(all,only)和句子整体顺序3.词的搭配：主谓一致，逻辑一致，make sense三.避免冗余：1.在一个句子中，不要用两个意思一样的词Rise-increase;sum-total;regain-again;enable-be able to;attempt-try;other than-opposite;drop-decrease;sufficient-enough;including-among;have to–require及近义词then-later; so-in order to2.注意being、having，虽然二者大多数情况是错的，但GMAT也通常会制造一些其他的语法错误，使得此类选项稍好一点。