GMAT曼哈顿语法---精华汇总

曼哈顿 SC 总结Chapter 1 Sentence Correction Basics1.一道例题Although William Pereira first gained national recognition for his movie set designs, includingthose for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations remember him as the architect for the Transamerica Tower, the Malibu campus of Pepperdine University and the city of Irvine.A:including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generationsB: like that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations willC:like those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generationsD: including that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations willE:including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations will这道题用两点split。

1.1GMAT规定，Like不能用于举例；注意，在之后的说明中，曼哈顿说The GMAT used toclaim that ‘like’ simply meant‘similar to’ and could not introduce examples. However, theexam writers have moderated this hardline duty in published explanations. As a result, either‘including’ or‘likelihood would technically work in the sentence.1.2GMAT规定，进行指代时，如果有单复数转换，不能用代词指代，而应换作相对应的名词。

2.做题时间一般不多于90秒钟，理想状况下，花费60-75秒。

3.做题步骤3.1细读原文理解原文中作者本意，顺带看是否有错误出现。

如发现错误，默默记下，以备之后作为排除依据；如未发现错误，不要留恋，只要保证理解了文字的字面意思和作者本意即可。

3.2纵向扫描，找split不要读选项，只是纵向寻找不同点（split）。

看句首和句尾，此两处必有split，不然画线不会画到它们。

迅速找到多个split，找最容易区分的。

3.3选取最简单split进行筛选所谓简单，就是容易找/容易比较/容易决定。

语法语义两个角度来分析3.4选定第一个split3.5用同一个split，去检查其他选项是否也犯了同样的错误3.6如此反复，一直剩下唯一一个选项3.7把选项带回原文，重读，确定和原文匹配Chapter 2 Grammar & Meaning1.关于“简洁”考生现在太过重视简洁问题，导致GMAT很愿意把错误选项弄得最毒。

所以，一般来说，不到万不得已（比如，剩下两个选项，没有别的split可用了），就不要用“简洁”来做split2.句义2.1分三部分：选对词；放在正确的位置；和周边搭配(make sense together)。

2.2选对词。

此处给出了一些类似的词组Economic (monetary) vs. economical (thrifty节俭的, effectual)Aggravate (worsen) vs. aggravating (irritating使人恼怒的)Known as (named) vs. known to be (acknowledged as)Loss of (no longer in possession of) vs. loss in (decline in value)Mandate (command) vs. have a mandate (have authority from voters)Native of (person from) vs. native to (species that originated in)Range of (variety of) vs. ranging (varying)Rate of (speed or frequency of) vs. rates for (prices for)Rise (general increase) vs. raise (a bet or a salary increase in American English)Try to do (seek to accomplish) vs. try doing (experiment with)2.3GMAT中，’should’表示’moral obligation’应当，而非’likelihood’可能。

In everydayspeech, you can say ‘The train should arrive now’ to mean that the train is likely to arrivenow, but the GMAT doesn’t agree with this usage.2.4放在正确的位置。

同一个词放在句子的不同位置上，表示的意思会很不一样。

2.5关于倒装：在可以顺叙说话的时候，就避免使用倒装。

Check the overall word order forunnecessary inversions. For instance, English normally puts subjects in front of verbs. Try topreserve that order, which is natural to the language.2.6关于Redundancy：GMAT正确答案里，没有一个词是冗余重复的，每一个词必定有其存在的必要性。

2.7关于Concision：Quite frequently, the right answer will be a longer choice that is grammatically correct andthat clearly reflects the author’s intended meaning.If you have run out of grammar or meaning issues to apply and you are down to two choices,then choose the more concise option. Otherwise, do not think about concision.Chapter 3 Subject-Verb Agreement1.Additive Phrases:以下短语作为修饰语，不会改变助于的单复数Along with / in addition to / as well as / accompanied by / together with / including只有‘and’跟主语时，会把主语变成复数；而修饰语跟主语，不会改变单复数。

2.Mathematics是单数名词, 即使它跟了–s; 同样适用于其他学校课程/一些运动项目 (e.g.,aerobics有氧运动) /疾病 (e.g., diabetes).3.Or, either…or, neither…nor连接的两个主语一单数一复数时，谓语的单复数形式采取就近原则。

4.集合名词People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, teamItems: baggage, citrus橘类植物, equipment, fleet, fruit, furnitureGMAT中，集合名词多被认为是单数，所以多采用单数动词来搭配。

在英式英语中，很多集合名词一般会被看作复数，但不是在GMAT中。

5.不定代词5.1.Some, Any, None, All, Most/More – SANAM以上五个不定代词要根据上下文确定单复数。

5.2.‘Not one’一直用单数形式：Not one of my friends IS here this weekend.6.Each and Every在Each或Every修饰主语时，此主语应当认作单数。

Each dog and cat HAS paws.但是，跟在主语后面的each不会影响动词格式。

They each ARE great tennis players.7.Majority, minority and plurality诸多据不同上下文，可能是单数，也可能是复数。

8.在不能确定单复数时，倾向于单数。

Chapter 4 Parallelism1.平行结构中，尽量做到精确平行，至少关键词要平行。

E.g.：The employees were upset by the company’s low pay, poor working conditions, and shortage of outlets for employees’ creativity.2.想强调一下，在做平行结构时，如果句子可以做到精确匹配，一定要做到。

WRONG – The experiences we have when children influence our behavior in adulthood.RIGHT – The experiences in childhood influence our behavior in adulthood.WRONG – Tobacco companies, shaken by a string of legal setbacks in the United States, butwhich retain strong growth prospects in the developing world, face an uncertain future.RIGHT – Tobacco companies, which have been shaken by a string of legal setbacks in the United States, but which retain strong growth prospects in the developing world, face an uncertainfuture.WRONG – Dr. Crock’s claims have been not corroborated by other scientists or published in aprestigious journal but have nonetheless garnered a great deal of attention from the public.RIGHT – Dr. Crock’s claims have not been corroborated…3.两个从句中,经常打都要带上主从连词,但是两个主从连词不一定相同.There are many people WHO speak English BUT WHOSE parents do not.4.不要过于紧缩任何元素.要保证每一个元素都是完整的.Ralph likes BOTH THOSE WHO are popular AND THOSE WHO are not.5.And列表在连接两个分句时,在and前可以选择加入逗号.尤其在分句都很长或者独立性很强的时候, 最好这样做.I really like candy apples, AND I eat them often.这也是个一个句子多组主谓的例子.6.在排列并列成分时,应该将最长的一部分放在最后.7.带有平行格式的习语As X, so YX is good, and so too is YConsider X Y (注意,没加as)Declare X Y (注意,没加as)X Develops into YNot Only X (,) But Also Y (comma is optional)8.连系动词可被看作是主语和宾语并列的标识WRONG – The bouquet of flowers WAS a giving of love.上面句子，bouquet和giving被认为在结构上不平行。