触控面板Touch Panel
InCell触摸屏原理(1)
coating
编辑课件ppt
13
Surface capacitive touch panel
Surface capacitive touch panel principle:
Touch point is treated as connecting to ground by a capacitor. The resistor from touch point to 4 corners R1-4 is related to the distance from touch point to 4 corners. The more the distance is, the more the resistor is.
▪ 互电容技术由iphone发扬光大，发展迅猛，将 逐渐取代自电容类型
编辑课件ppt
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Self capacitance
▪ 自电容原理为当手接触时，等效为parasitic capacitance增加， 而且自电容检测都是在前端（提供电源端）。检测原理有很 多，可检测电压、电流、电荷，下图为charge transfer检测 原理。
编辑课件ppt
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LC alignment change type—Samsung(2)
• Samsung和Epson的in-cell LC alignment change type TP
Samsung
Epson
编辑课件ppt
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2.2.1 Surface capacitive touch panel
• There are many ways to detect capacitance change, which way Samsung and AUO used is unknown.
tp 芯片
tp 芯片TP芯片，全称为Touch Panel，是一种用于触摸屏的芯片。
随着智能手机、平板电脑、电子书阅读器等电子设备的普及，触摸屏技术逐渐成为人机交互的主流方式之一。
TP芯片作为触摸屏的关键部件之一，起着负责接收和处理用户输入的作用。
接下来我将以1000字的篇幅介绍TP芯片的原理、发展历程和应用。
首先，我们来了解一下TP芯片的工作原理。
TP芯片采用电容式触摸屏技术，通过人体的电容作用，实现用户输入的感应。
具体来说，TP芯片的基本构成是由绝缘材料和导电层构成的触摸面板，以及负责信号检测的控制电路。
当用户用手指或者触控笔触摸屏幕时，导电物质会改变电荷分布，TP芯片就会检测到这些电荷的变化，并将其转化为相应的控制信号。
然后，这些信号会通过TP芯片传递给处理器，最终实现屏幕上的响应。
TP芯片的发展历程可以追溯到20世纪60年代。
当时，美国的一些科学家开始研究电容触屏技术，并取得了一系列的突破。
而在20世纪90年代初，世界上第一台商用触摸屏手机IBM Simon发布，这标志着TP芯片的商业化应用。
之后，随着触摸屏技术的不断进步和发展，TP芯片也越来越小巧、高效和稳定。
如今，TP芯片已经成为了手机、平板电脑、车载导航和工业控制板等领域不可或缺的核心部件。
接下来，我将介绍TP芯片的应用场景和未来发展趋势。
首先，TP芯片广泛应用于智能手机和平板电脑等消费电子产品。
现代智能手机上的触摸屏几乎全部采用了TP芯片，它不仅为用户提供了便捷的触控操作，还支持多点触控、手势识别和指纹识别等功能，提升了用户体验和数据安全性。
此外，TP芯片还应用于ATM机、自助售货机、工业自动化设备等领域，提供了更加灵活和便捷的操作方式。
未来，TP芯片将继续引领触摸屏技术的发展方向。
首先，TP芯片将更加智能化和集成化，实现更多的人机交互方式。
比如，通过融合虚拟现实和增强现实技术，可以将触摸屏变成一种更为直观、沉浸式的交互界面。
其次，随着5G技术的普及，TP芯片也将实现更快的反应速度和更低的功耗，提高用户体验和设备的续航能力。
Module全贴合技术基础介绍
五彩缤纷的显示世界
苹果iPhone 5S
五彩缤纷的显示世界
苹果iPad 4
五彩缤纷的显示世界
京华7013车载GPS导航仪
五彩缤纷的显示世界
触控电子点菜
五彩缤纷的显示世界
手写触控电视
五彩缤纷的显示世界
触控茶几
五彩缤纷的显示世界
TP基础介绍
有什么共同点？
触摸 （Touch）
电容触摸屏分类（G1F和GF1）
G1F: 整合有单层ITO Cover Glass+ITO Film Sensor GF1: 单纯Cover Glass+单层ITO Film Sensor
电容触摸屏分类（OGS和TOL）
OGS：one glass solution 单片玻璃解决方案 TOL： Touch On Lens一体化电容式触摸屏 类似的叫法： TOC：Touch On Cover, SOC：Sensor On Cover WIS：window integrated sensor DPW： direct pattern window（韩国） G2：glass 2(LG,日本）
Vpx = [R4/(R3+R4)]*V
P
Vpy =[ R2/(R1+R2)]*V
电极(银胶)
V=定电压(5V)
X方向
R3 R4 P
R1
P P0 P1
Y
方
R2
向
TP种类及原理
电容式触控屏（CTP capacitive touch panel）动作原理
手指接触触控屏时从四 个角落传到接触点的微 量电流被带走产生压降
声波产生器
触控屏表面 布满声波
电磁式触控屏动作原理
手机电容屏CTP贴合组件工艺流程
手机电容屏CTP贴合组件工艺流程引言手机电容屏（Capacitive Touch Panel，简称CTP）是一种常见的手机触控屏技术，具有高灵敏度、快速响应和耐用性强等优点。
在手机生产过程中，CTP贴合组件的工艺流程非常重要，它直接影响了CTP的质量和触控屏的使用体验。
本文将介绍手机电容屏CTP贴合组件的工艺流程。
工艺流程步骤手机电容屏CTP贴合组件的工艺流程通常包括以下步骤：1. 裁剪首先，需要根据手机屏幕的尺寸，将CTP材料进行裁剪。
这个步骤旨在确保CTP与手机屏幕的大小一致，以便后续的贴合工作。
2. 清洗接下来，将裁剪好的CTP材料进行清洗。
清洗的目的是去除材料表面的污垢和杂质，以保证贴合过程中的质量和精度。
3. 硅胶涂布在清洗完成后，需要将硅胶涂布在CTP材料的其中一侧。
硅胶的涂布应该均匀且适量，确保能够提供良好的附着力和保护层。
4. 二次清洗涂布硅胶后，进行二次清洗以确保硅胶负责的CTP表面没有杂质或污垢。
这个步骤是为了保证贴合的质量和精度。
5. 烘焙烘焙是将准备好的CTP材料放入烘箱中加热，使硅胶在材料上形成一层均匀的保护膜。
烘焙的温度和时间需要根据硅胶的特性来确定，以确保保护膜能够达到理想的效果。
6. 真空贴合烘焙后，将CTP材料与手机屏幕进行真空贴合。
这个步骤需要使用专用的设备和工艺，使得CTP与手机屏幕完全贴合，并确保没有气泡或其它杂质进入。
7. 压合贴合完毕后，需要进行压合工作，以确保CTP与手机屏幕之间的连接牢固。
压合过程中应控制好压力和时间，使得贴合更加均匀和稳定。
8. 检测与调试贴合完成后，对CTP进行检测与调试。
检测的目的是确保CTP的功能正常，没有故障或缺陷。
如果发现问题，需要及时进行调试，并确保CTP可以正常工作。
9. 清洁最后，对贴合完成的CTP进行清洁，以去除表面的污垢和指纹。
清洁过程需要使用特殊的清洁剂和工具，以保证CTP表面的光洁度和清晰度。
结论手机电容屏CTP贴合组件的工艺流程是手机生产中非常重要的一环。
电容式触控面板电极布局之设计与分析.
Computer Aided Design of Electrode Pattern in Capacitive Touch Panel s ¥: ¿T: ·E ¤ ~ ¤(Visual Basic for Application)µyUoiXMpuCuiNqeOWqAuhwqNiHteXq×CuiHYupq×Aqu×AiHuhta×q×CbqXAiHBDpqiHoqu×CApueX×X10.2TqeOCVBA Tq10.2AOPzjiHABniBqeBqCqu×OvTqeOIImAqGOvTqu×DAHhMOq×hqu×CPepper (1983)´Xq×hqu×ALoq×OhBsqCTalmage (1987)´XFtq×ALoqAh OPqHCDunthorn (1991)µoFbYhOPqCoXgmiHDhHq×hqCMAbpPoq×OOAHbFXpPRxAYusqeOyCPDA¡AGibson MTq×OVBA (Visual Basic for Application)µyoMpuAuNqoAKiHBtapXPoq×CouOwqAbWhwqnqXoCAAgXRCboputFAbiHhwqq×~HmXhqHXoCGiHhwqXATiHMwCpqGAiHwqCpqoCbuX12.2Tq×PMq×iCAA(Active Area)°PeA~iHwqnAA(Active Area)°aCquiHPmqCNqqVOVOYuqAPmqpCpuftoCGsX1.3%¡AqXu×TqeOCqu×1.77%¡C 10.21. ¥XFXpPRvCqu×qeODnAqGvTqCFMpuAuNqoAKiHBtapXPoq×CRGNAiHpuftt×q×C2. °puOwqAbWwqqXoCAAgXRCpiHtwqq×AYuFcq×CBpuXq×BiC3. ±qCPqXGiHDnWYmqAiHWWemqOArea)°aCquiHPmqCNqqVOVOYuqAPmqpCpuftCGsXqXu×10.2TqeOCqu×1.77%¡C AutoCADqUpuyA AsqeOyVBA (Visual Basic for Application)µyo12.2Tq×PMNmqAA(Active 1.3%¡ACOMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF ELECTRODE PATTERN INCAPACITIVE TOUCH PANELStudent: Chung-Wen LaiAdvisor: Shih-Ming YangABSTRACTThis thesis aims at developing an efficient method for designing the electrode pattern in capacitive touch panel. The linearity of the electrical field on the capacitive touch panel is very important to the quality of the touch panel, and the distribution of silver electrodes on the panel is the key to improve the electric field.A parametric design tool is established under the Visual Basic for Application (VBA) program language. The dimensions of the silver electrode are parameterized in this parametric design tool. The electrode pattern can be established by defining these parameters. This tool not only can shorten the time of designing the electrode pattern, but also can adjust the geometry of silver electrodes easily. A 12.2 inch electrode pattern is designed by using this parametric design tool to prove the feasibility of this tool. Seven kinds of element geometry test can be used to adjust the layout of the silverelectrodes for good linearity. Finally, a 10.2 inch electrode pattern is fabricated and validated.iCONTENTSPage ABSTRACT (i)CONTENTS (ii)LIST OF TABLES (iii)LIST OF FIGURES (iv)Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Motivation (1)1.2 Types of Touch Panels (1)1.3 Literature Review (4)1.4 Outline (7)Chapter 2 Parametric Design Tool of Electrode Pattern in Touch Panel2.1 CAD on Electrode Board (12)2.2 The Idea of Establishing Model (13)2.3 Drawing and Analyzing the 12.2 Inch Electrode Pattern (16)2.4 Conclusion (17)Chapter 3 Design and Analysis of Electrode Pattern on Capacitive Touch Panel3.1 Introduction (28)3.2 The Test of Element Geometry (28)3.3 Design an Electrode Pattern on 10.2 Inch Capacitive Touch Panel (35)3.4 Fabricating the 10.2 Inch Capacitive Touch Panel (39)3.5 Conclusion (40)Chapter 4 Summary and Conclusions References…..…………………………………………………………………….…62 ii LIST OF TABLESTable Page1.1 Comparison of Touch Panel (4)2.1 Element Geometry in Electrode Pattern Design (15)3.1 Single Element Test on Changing the Length (29)3.2 Integral Element Test on Changing the Length (29)3.3 Single Element Test on Changing the Width (31)3.4 Integral Element Test on Changing the Width (31)3.5 Single Element Test on Changin g the Position (32)3.6 Integral Element Test on Changing the Position (32)3.7 Single Element Test on Changing the Geometry (33)3.8 Integral Element Test on Changing the Geometry (33)3.9 Single Element Test on Changing the Distance between Two Elements (34)3.10 Integral Element Test on Changing the Distance between Two Elements (34)3.11 Single Element Test on Cutting the Element in Horizontal Direction (34)3.12 Integral Element Tes t on Cutting the Element in Horizontal Direction (34)3.13 Single Element Test on Cutting the Element in Vertical Direction (35)3.14 Integral Element Test on Cutting the Element in Vertical Direction (35)iiiLIST OF FIGURESFigure Page1.1 Th e structure and the work process of optic type touch panel (8)1.2 The structure and the work process of acoustic wave type touch panel (9)1.3 The structure and the work process of capacitive type touch panel (10)1.4 The structure a nd the work process of resistive type touch panel (11)2.1 The user interface of VBA (19)2.2 The work process of designing the electrode pattern (20)2.3 The first parametric dialogue box of electrode pattern design (21)2.4 The second parametric dialogue box of electrode pattern design (22)2.5 The third parametric dialogue box of electrode pattern design (23)2.6 The fourth parametric dialogue box of electrode pattern design (24)2.7 The analysis result of designed pattern in vertical direction (25)2.8 The analysis result of designed pattern in horizontal direction (25)2.9 The user interface of ANSYS (26)2.10 The geometry of U.S. patent (27)2.11 The analysis result of U.S. patent in horizontal direction (27)3.1 The method of measuring the voltage (42)3.2 (a) The length change (b) The width change (43)3.3 The first equipotential line and the interval between two equipotential lines (44)3.4 (a) The position change (b) The geometry change (c) The interval change (45)3.5 (a) The horizontal cut (b) The vertical cut (46)3.6 The g eometry of middle element (47)3.7 The initial electrode pattern (48)3.8 The horizontal electric field of the initial electrode pattern (49)iv3.9 The position of the ideal equipotential lines (50)3.10 The middle element and edge element adjustment (51)3.11 The element of the third part adjustment (52)3.12 The vertical electric field of the initial electrode pattern (53)3.13 The final electrode pattern (54)3.14 The horizontal electric field of the final electrode pattern (55)3.15 The process of fabricating the touch panel (56)3.16 The eGalax company controller (57)3.17 The 10.2 inch capacitive touch panel (58)3.18 The linearity test on the 10.2 inch capacitive touch panel (59)vChapter 1Introduction1.1 MotivationTouch panels are integrated directly onto the screen and they make products lighter and smaller with added portability and convenience. In addition, they can eliminate unskilled users’ fear of using computers. Application products of touch panel including PDA, mobile telephone, GPS navigate panel, e-book, ATM. The aim of this study is integrating with the design and the analysis on electrode pattern of capacitive touch panel. The linearity of the electric field is very important and the layout of silver electrodes influences the linearity of the touch panel directly. Many researches on improving the linearity of the touch panel are presented. However, spending the time on designing the electrode pattern in any size is a serious defect. Visual Basic for Application (VBA) program language is utilized to develop a parametric design tool. The dimensions of the silver electrode are parameterized and the electrode pattern can be established by defining these parameters. This parametric design tool and the function of changing the coordinates on an object in AutoCAD can be used to revise the electrode pattern when the analysis result is unsatisfied.The parametric dialogue box utilized in this tool can simplify the process of constructing the model. In addition, the test of element geometry can be used to adjust the geometry of the silver electrodes for good linearity. The user not only can have aninitial concept on designing the electrode pattern by these testing results but also can shorten the time of designing the electrode pattern.1.2 Types of Touch PanelsThe touch panel application can be divided from personal digital devices to popular facilities devices; mechanics and size of products used in different fields are not the same. 1And the technological principle of touch panel can be divided into following several kinds:(1) Optic type:The component device of optic type touch panel includes glass substrate; infrared light emitting diode (LED) and infrared ray receiver, an array of LED/receiver pairs are mounted on two opposite sides to create a grid of invisible infrared light. It is to utilize the principle of receiving the light source. Touch panel is covered with light source and receiver and made up matrix there. When a user touches the display resulting in obstructing one or more of the light beam, receivers from each axis will detect the absence of light and transmit signals that identify the X and Y coordinates to the computer as shown in Fig. 1.1. The advantage of the optic type touch panel is good dependability and transmittance. The optic type touch panel is applied on ATM, medical system, etc.(2) Acoustic wave type:Acoustic wave type touch panel is made of transmitting transducers, receiving transducers, reflectors, and a controller. Transmitting transducers are located along the horizontal and the vertical edges of a glass plate and receiving transducers are located at the opposite edges of the glass plate. The acoustic wave technology uses inaudible sound waves traveling over the surface of a glass panel. First, the electrical signal is conveyed from controller to the transmitting transducer, and the electrical signal will be transferred to acoustic wave, furthermore, it passes through the surface of glass plate to an array of reflectors directly. Reflectors on the opposite side gather and direct the waves to the receiving transducer, which reconverts them into an electrical signal. Finally, the signal will be transmitted back to the controller that saves the normal condition information. When a user touches the screen, the finger will absorb some acoustic waves, the wave form will be changed at this moment, and this reduced energy will be detected, then the X or Y coordinate location will be calculated as shown in Fig.1.2. The advantage of the acoustic 2wave type touch panel is good protection and higher dots per inch. It is applied for kiosk, and automatic ticket system.(3) Capacitive type:A glass substrate is plated a conductive layer and then an electrode pattern is made on it, finally, covering with a protective layer on the surface. The principle of capacitive touch panel is giving voltages on four corners of the screen to make a stable electric field, when a user touches the screen, transparent electrode and static electricity with the human body that produces the capacitance change, then according to the inducing current to measure its coordinates as shown in Fig. 1.3. Because it is only printed electrodes and transmitted the signals on one glass, so the transmittance of capacitive touch panel is over 90% better than resistive type touch panel. It is good at preventing the dust and the damage, furthermore it has fast response. It is applied for ATM, outdoor guide system, etc.(4) Resistive type:It consists of a pair of ITO conductive layers, spacer dots, and an electrode layer. ITO glass is used to be a substrate covered with an ITO film above, and spreading spacer dots between the ITO glass and ITO film to prevent contact, afterwards printing the silver electrodes along the edge to provide a voltage. When using, a voltage is alternately applied to the horizontal and the vertical axes. When the upper layer is pressed and contacting with the upper conductive layer, that voltage is sensed and sent to a controller that contains an analog-to-digital converter. The voltage is converted to a digital X or Y to indicate the touch location as shown in Fig. 1.4. It is because that the resistive type touch panel is induced by pressure, so there is no limit about touching medium. Therefore, it is applied in the environment without the limitation of touching medium, for instance, supervisory control apparatus, PDA, and industry control, etc. The comparison 3of touch panels is shown in Table 1.1.Table 1.1 Comparison of Touch Panel. (From Ho, 2003)ResolutionOptical clarityTouch life Infrared Acoustic 1024×1024 About 1200/sq. in80~85% Millions 100% Many millionsAbout 1200/sq. in 100000/sq. in92% Many millions 75~85% Many millionsVery1.3 Literature ReviewThe touch panel appeared in 1974, but it came to maturity until that Siemens Corporation proposed Elographics soft glass sensors in 1977. The technologies of touch panel and products have been applied in our daily life more than ten years. Touchpanels were limited by the cost in early stages, so putting on the public machine platforms, and POS/POI (Point of Sales/Point of Information) is the main application. With the change of communication technology and the trend of lighter, smaller, shorter of information products in recent years, in addition, the computer operation system is transferred to GUI (Graphic User Interface) that prompts the computer system more user-friendly. And it is because that the mouse and the keyboard are too big to carry, so the touch panel becomes the standard equipment of portable products.Many researches showed the method to enhance the accuracy of determining the touching point. The way of improving the capacitive touch panel can be divided into reforming the controller and mending the electrode pattern to enhance the linearity of the electrical field. Many means have been done to enhance the precision of converting the 4current signal into the touching coordinate via improving the method of controlling the capacitive touch panel. Pepper (1981) proposed a general method for accurately determining the location or position of a source or sink of electric current on the surface of a resistance element or impedance layer. Touch panel embodiment determines the position of the user’s finger from currents caused by ambient electrical noise. Krein and Meadows (1988) presented a quasistatic electric field applied to a semiconducting coating on the capacitive touch panel surface. A touch draws current from the surface; this current can be used to compute position. If the computation is performed properly, the computed position is independent of touch current and panel coating resistivity. Jhang (2003) proposed a method of controlling the capacitive touch panel. After inputting the stable alternating voltage, the current obtained is amplified. The current difference before and after touching is converted to get the touching coordinate. The above study improves the controller of capacitive touch panel. However, the adjustment of determining the touch point by the controller is limited as the linearity of the electrical field is bad. So the key of enhancing the precision of determining the touching point is improving the electrode pattern. The different electrode patterns invented are described in the following articles.Pepper (1983) invented the edge terminations to provide linearization of the electric field. The edge terminations are constituted by a series of parallel ranks or rows of connective segments overlaid, inlaid or printed at each edge of the polygonal surface with the innermost row or rank being short straight segments and the length of each segment of the next innermost row, respectively, being longer. The central segment in each row or rank is electrically interconnected with the central segments in the other rows. Jheng (2002) proposed an improved touch panel by changing the layout of theresistance conductive lines. Several resistance conductive lines are set on the surface of the touch 5panel. The resistive lines in the one of the regions are smaller than others. It is because that to let the every region has same voltages. By this way, the touch panel can decide the touch point accurately. The concept of establishing the electrode pattern by a series of parallel ranks or rows of silver lines in above patents is utilized on a parametric design tool developed in this thesis. So a user can decide the number of parallel ranks or rows of silver lines. However, when the aspect ratio of the monitor is changed, the fixed electrode pattern in this patent can not support the touch panel for good linearity. Therefore, the parametric design tool can be used to construct any size electrode pattern. Bloom et al. (1986) presented an improved touch panel and a method that increasing the percentage of useful area of a touch-sensitive panel includes electrode elements in electrical communication with an electrically conductive layer of known spatial impedance characteristics. The touch panel structure incorporates improved electrode structure and electrode to impedance layer interfacing elements which impact a more linear mapping function within an expanded touch-sensitive region of the resistive layer. The touch panel can be utilized in a general touch-mapping system without resort to extensive mapping coordinate correction apparatus of earlier systems. Although the percentage of useful area of a touch panel is increased, the region set the silver lines is too large to a touch panel in the present day. And the linearity of the electrical field produced by the layout of an electrode pattern in this patent can’t achieve the demand at present. The area of setting the silver lines can be controlled in this design tool and the linearity can be adjusted by this tool as analysis result is unsatisfied.Gibson and Talmage (1987) showed a resistor electrode type touch sensor having enhanced area of linear response by reducing the bow in perimeters of the sensor and the method of accomplishing the same. Dunthorn (1991) reported a resistor type of gradient sheet for a touch sensor having reduced ripple and bow of equipotential lines along edges 6and in the corners of the sensor. T-shaped electrodes of a selected effective length and spacing are attached to the resistive surface, the length and spacing selected to substantially eliminate the bow of the equipotential fields. The above two works, although the electrode pattern is invented to improve the linearity, the time of adjusting the size of electrode pattern in any size is too long. The concept of revising the pattern can be obtained by the result of element geometry test in this thesis. So the time of establishing the electrode pattern can be reduced.Frey et al. (2003) showed the interest of using finite element simulations in association with partial discharge measurements to determine and localize the maximum field values. Myatt and Marston (1994) presented a coupled electromagnetic and nonlinear structural analysis of a 4.5 tesla superconducting MHD dipole magnet. From the above technical literature, they take a long time to construct the model in ANSYS. In this thesis, the platform of establishing the model is developed. The model is parameterized to shorten the time of constructing and the analysis process is simplified.1.4 OutlineThe motivation of this thesis is described in chapter 1. Then it is introduced with four kind principles of touch panel and there are many people improve the touch panel and create numerous new technologies are introduced in literature review. In chapter 2, it is explained that how to operate the VBA to develop the parametric design tool and the idea of wiring is also illustrated. Afterwards, the parametric design tool is utilized to draw a 12.2 inch electrode pattern. Then the feasibility of the design process is proved by importing the electrode pattern to ANSYS. In chapter 3, seven element geometry tests are used to let the users realize how to adjust the layout of electrode pattern and the 10.2 inch electrode pattern on capacitive touch panel is drawn and fabricated. Finally, there is a conclusion about whole thesis in chapter 4.7Edge of ActiveDisplay Area Opto-Matrix Frame Inside Bezel Grid of Infrared Light Inside and Outside Edges of Infrared TransparentFigure 1.1 The structure and the work process of optic type touch panel. (From ELO TouchSystem)8Transducers Transducers TransducersReflections on each axis divertThe ultrasonic burst across the touchscreenFigure 1.2 The structure and the work process of acoustic wave type touch panel. (From ELO TouchSystem)9Process andComponentsClearTek 3000 OvercoatFinishedSensor Product Electrode PatternConductive CoatingGlassConductive CoatingMinute amount of voltage applied toall corners of touch screenUniform electric fieldTouch draws current from eachcorner of electric field controllerMeasures the ratio of currents todetermine touch locationFigure 1.3 The structure and the work process of capacitive type touch panel. (From 3M TouchSystem)10ITO conductive layerSpacer dotITO conductive coatingGlass bottom circuit layer Top circuit layer Hard coat on surface A flexible hard-coated polyester filmis overlaid on a rigid glass layerFigure 1.4 The structure and the work process of resistive type touch panel.(From ELO TouchSystem)11Chapter 2A Parametric Design Tool of Electrode Pattern in Touch Panel2.1 CAD on Electrode BoardFrom the principle of the capacitive touch panel, the linearity of electric field is very important. The key of influencing the linearity of electric field is the layout of the electrode pattern. So analyzing the electrical field of the electrode layer is very important. In this thesis, Visual Basic for Application (VBA) program language is utilized that interface is shown in Fig. 2.1 in which AutoCAD is to develop a parametric design tool for designing electrode pattern fast, furthermore collocating with ANSYS is computer aided analysis software to analyze and simulate.As to VBA, it is an object-oriented programming environment and it supplies the function of developing that similar to Visual Basic language. In general, the main discrepancy between VB and VBA is executing in the same procedure space with AutoCAD, providing an intelligent AutoCAD and a speedy program design environment. In addition, VBA also can integrate other application programs, which have VBA ability. It means that AutoCAD can be an automation controller in other application programs, for instance, Microsoft Word or Excel. VBA will transmit the messages through the AutoCAD ActiveX Automation interface to the AutoCAD, and AutoCAD also permits VBA environment and AutoCAD can implement at the sametime. Therefore, the way of combination for AutoCAD, ActiveX Automation, and VBA supplies powerful interface, not only can control internal objects of AutoCAD but can transmit or get information between other application programs. There are four advantages for using VBA: 1. VBA is learned and used easily under the Visual Basic language environment, 2. VBA and AutoCAD are operated in the same procedure, it means that the programs can be executed very fast, 3. dialogue boxes are established fast and effectively, that let developer 12prototypes application programs and gets the response of design fast, and 4. projects can be independent or set in the drawings, this flexible selection supplies developers on sending to other application programs. To the general finite element analysis software, for instance, I-DEAS, PATRAN, NASTRAN, MARC, etc., the way to analyze is importing the entity's model directly and utilizes solution module to analyze, if the users are unsatisfied with the analysis result, and wants to revise the part of model, they must revise entity's model again, imports to the software and analyzes again, makes the process of analysis seems long.VBA is utilized to develop a set of parameter type design tool. The size of the silver lines is parameterized by this tool. So long as a user follows the dialogue box to design the pattern and then can execute analysis fast, shortening the time of construction the model in the analysis. The process of designing the electrode pattern is shown in Fig. 2.2. The electrode pattern is established by using a parametric tool under the AutoCAD design software. Then this electrode pattern model is exported in IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) file type and it is imported to the computer aided analysis software to read and establish the model. There are two methods for building analysis model in computer aided analysis software; here GUI (Graphic User Interface) is utilized to obtain various electrical field effects of electrode pattern and electrical field uniformity. The above-mentioned using parametric language designs electrode patterns include the width and the length of silver electrode, and geometry of electrode board. After supplying the power to a transparent electrode of touch panel, the electrical field uniformity of whole touch panel should be cared. If the linearity is not good, it will decrease the accuracy that controller determines the position. So analyzing electrical field linearity of whole electrode board is a key to estimate the quality of touch panels.2.2 The Idea of Establishing ModelIt is beginning to introduce the concept of this parametric design tool. 1/4 of the 13 electrode pattern is set up and then the whole panel is established by the way of reflection are initial thought. First, the frame size of the touch panel has to be confirmed. The method is deciding the length and the width of the frame of the touch panel.Afterward, defining the length and the width of AA district (active area) is the next step. The parametric dialogue box is illustrated in Fig. 2.3.The length and the width of the frame and AA district are parameterized. It lets users revise the size of the touch panel easily. And then a region set the silver electrodes is detected between the frame and AA district. This region can be subdivided into several small areas on this design idea. To clarity the description, the silver electrodes printed on ITO substrate are called the picture element and as long as it can be drawn under the AutoCAD software that can be joined and used. There are four kinds of elements supported to choose as shown in Table. 2.1. The picture element chosen will be put in each small area and the elements will be reproduced in 1/4 of the panel by the way of the reflection and then the elements in 1/4 of the panel are set to the whole panel in the same way.The reason of reflecting the elements in this way is simplifying the design complexity. Thus the layout of the electrode pattern is getting symmetrical. This way can improve the linearity of the touch panel after analyzing the electric field and achieve the final purpose of developing this parametric design tool. The four corners of the whole electrode pattern are applied voltages. So they must be designed separately. Because of considering the symmetrical relation, the edge elements on the corner are all the same. The geometry of the edge element is not important to affect the linearity of the electric field. So only the length and width of the edge element is defined. According to Gibson and Talmage (1987), non-uniformity electric field near the perimeter of the AA district is produced by the voltage drop. It means that the equipotential line near the edge would be a curve line. 14So the middle element is also designed separately to improve this defect as shown in Fig.2.4.。
TP行业专业术语
学习报告接触TP这个行业，那么对于TP相关术语就要有所了解，以下为TP一些相关术语：英文简称英文全称中文含义TP touch panel 触摸屏RTP resistive touch panel 电阻式触摸屏CTP capacitive touch panel 电容式触摸屏AA active area 可操作区域V A/(INK OPENING) view area 可视区域（V A 区域尺寸小于AA区域）BM AA 区外围边框区，面板黑框区ITO indium Tin oxide 氧化铟锡ATO Antmony Tin oxide 氧化锑锡FPC(B) flexible print circuit (board) 柔性印刷线路板IC integrated circuit 集成电路GFF glass-film-filmG1F glass-filmGG glass-glassG2 (OGS) one glass solution 一体化触控PET Polyester 聚脂薄膜PC Polyester 聚碳酸酯耐力板TOL touch on lens 单层电容式触控于保护玻璃上CG(CL) cover glass (cover lens) 盖板玻璃TG tempered glass 强化玻璃OCA optically clear adhesive 光学透明胶LOCA liquid optically clear adhensive液态光学透明胶（水胶）用 G+G中间ACF anisotropic conductive film 导电热熔胶ESD electro-static discharge 抗静电OC over coat 保护膜PSA pressure sensitive adhesive 压敏胶IR infrared ray 红外UV ultraviolet ray 紫外PRC Photorisist coating 光阻涂层CP cooling pump冷却泵AR anti reflective反射AG anti glare防炫AS anti stain 防污COB chip on board 通过绑定将I C裸片固定于印刷电路版上COF chip on FPC 将I C固定于柔性线路板上COG chip on glass 将I C固定于玻璃上TAB tape automated bonding 卷带自动结合TCP thermo compression bonding 热压结合PF2 保护膜。
手机中的主要传感器,详细版!
第六章手机中的传感器第一节手机中的磁控传感器一、手机中的干簧管传感器二、手机中的霍尔传感器第二节手机中的光线传感器一、光敏三极管的外形及符号二、光敏三极管的工作原理三、光敏三极管在手机中的应用四、手机光线传感器电路详解第三节手机中的触摸传感器一、电阻式触摸屏二、电容式触摸屏第四节手机中的摄像头一、手机摄像头的工作原理二、手机摄像头的结构三、图像传感器四、手机摄像头电路详解第五节手机中的电子指南针一、电子指南针工作原理二、电子指南针电路第六节手机中的三轴陀螺仪一、三轴陀螺仪工作原理二、三轴陀螺仪的应用三、iphone手机中的三轴陀螺仪手机中的重力传感器补充：重力传感器距离传感器温度传感器本章导读随着技术的进步，手机已经不再是一个简单的通信工具，而是具有综合功能的便携式的电子设备。
你可以用手机听音乐，看电影，拍照等。
手机变得无所不能。
在这种情况下，各种传感器在手机中的应用应运而生。
本章主要介绍了几种典型的传感器及其在手机中的应用，如磁控传感器、光线传感器、触摸传感器（触摸屏的典型应用）、图像传感器（手机摄像头的应用）、磁阻传感器（电子指南针）、加速传感器（iphone4的三轴陀螺仪）等。
这些传感器的应用为智能手机增加感知能力，使手机能够知道自己做什么，甚至做什么的动作。
知识目标1、了解各种传感器的工作原理；2、掌握各种传感器功能的熟练使用；3、了解传感器电路的功能、特点；4、能够识别手机中使用的各种传感器电路。
技能目标1、能简单判断各传感器电路的故障；2、了解传感器的特性及性能；3、能够识别传感器实物并排除简单故障。
第一节 手机中的磁控传感器在手机中磁控传感器主要包括干簧管和霍尔元件，干簧管和霍尔元件都是通过磁信号来控制线路通断的传感器，主要用在翻盖、滑盖手机的控制电路中。
由于干簧管易碎等原因，现在手机中很少见到干簧管传感器了，使用最多的是霍尔传感器（也叫霍尔元件）。
一、手机中的干簧管传感器由于干簧管传感器主要应用于老式的手机中，在新型手机中已经很少采用了，所以只对干簧管传感器进行简单介绍。
IPSD-4500系列触摸屏使用说明书
SMARTISYS 使用说明书IPSD-4500系列双向触摸屏Operations Guide SMARTISYS IPSD-4500 Series Touchpanel SMARTISYS IPSD-4500系列双向触摸屏使用说明书1. 功能描述SMARTISYS（思美特）新一代 IPSD系列12”真彩触摸屏，采用有源阵列真彩TFT、宽温、宽视角液晶屏，32位嵌入式 CPU，运行嵌入式操作系统，任意动态视频窗口和虚拟桌面功能；MultiMODE多模式和OnlineNOTE在线注解。
IPSD 系列真彩触摸屏，外形优美，性能卓越，应用广泛，技术领先。
卓越的MultiMODE和OnlineNOTE功能IPSD系列触摸屏提供可定制的MultiMODE功能，极大地扩展了真彩触摸屏的应用范围；简捷的软切换按键，随时在控制和应用之间切换；通过VGA输出口，直接将应用显示到投影屏幕上，再配合SMARTISYS专有的OnlineNOTE在线注解功能，极大地提高产品的交互和集成能力。
通过定制，也可以将此功能关掉，只当一般的触摸屏使用。
嵌入式操作系统IPSD系列真彩触摸屏采用嵌入式操作系统；在某些特殊应用场合，可以与第三方管理系统无缝融合，并提供使用日志、动画屏保、开机密码等功能。
高清晰度触摸式真彩液晶屏采用12”有源阵列TFT触摸式液晶显示屏，800*600像素，具有高亮度、高对比度、宽温、宽视角，可以通过手动或Smart Touch Designer程序设置亮度和对比度；使用Smart Touch Designer设计软件，用户能够设计出层次丰富、色彩艳丽的图形操作界面；能够运行清晰的视频画面和应用程序。
多媒体特性及动态视频IPSD系列真彩液晶屏内置AC’97 立体声音效，可连接话筒、监听耳机，可以播放MP3、WAV音频文件，支持MPEG-4解码功能。
通过视频输入接口，能够显示任意大小的动态视频图像。
在完成各种媒体控制的同时，配合界面设计软件，能够直观监视当前的各种状态或回传信号，如音量大小、屏幕状态、系统工作时间、灯光状态等等。
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T o u c h P a n e l
閃耀的明日之星？
Outline
1.應用市場
2.工作原理（電阻式、電容式）
3.F/G四線電阻式製程
4.市場（競爭對手台、日、美、大陸）
應用市場
觸控面板的分類
為了簡單方便，我讓它分為三大類
電阻式
依配線方式可分為：4線、5線、6線、7線、8線
依面板組合方式可分為：F/G、F/F、G/G、F/P……
依信號方式可為為：數位式和類比式
電容式
紅外線、音波式、電磁式
電阻式
簡單的說，利用電壓偵測判別觸控位置，
而結構上說，上層是由ITO coating的PET當材
料，下層則用ITO coating的glass當材料，一
般時，上下層中間會有Dot Spacer來夾在兩
層中間
電阻式結構for detail
電阻式動作原理
電阻式
電阻式
依感應原理分類
(四線、五線、六線…的差別)
依觸控面板組成方式分類
Film / GlassFilm / FilmGlass / GlassFilm / PlasticF / F / GF / F / P
入力
側
FilmFilmGlassFilmFilmFilm
對向
側
GlassFilmGlassPlasticFilmFilm
支撐
側
----GlassPlastic
特性1.為目前最主流
的結造，技術較成熟2.透光率82％以上1.重量輕2.透光率較低1.適用於條件嚴苛的環境2.耐候性佳、耐衝擊1.重量輕、不易破損
2.透光率80％以上1.結構性佳2.耐衝擊1.重量輕2.不易破損3.耐衝擊
工作
環境
-20℃~60℃-20℃~60℃-35~+85℃-20℃~60℃-20℃~60℃-20℃~60℃
應用
產品PDA、PND、電子字典等等FA用途車用顯示器PDA、遊戲機
smartphone
車用顯示器
依信號方式分類
電阻式面板依其信號輸出方式可為數位式和類
比式
數位式控面板：產品已經規劃好設定之用途，且確定開關的位置，可直接採用數位式觸控面
板，例如設計觸控面板是3欄3列，總共有9個開關，簡而言之，數位式是以觸控的方式，取
代傳統功能的按鍵，如何是提款機
類比式觸控面板：適用一般無指定用途產品，在螢幕上任何區域都可能需要觸碰時，則依照
所需要的尺村及解析度以設計觸控面板。
數位電阻式工作原理
Digital type vs Analog type
類比式數位式
感應方式
偵測電壓
動作原理
利用偵測電壓分佈值，進行AD變換以計算接觸點位置座標利用電壓接觸比較計算座標
解析度
高，可達4096 * 4096較低
價位
較貴便宜
設計應用
需搭配AD轉換電路設計，成本較高控制IC可搭配設計，不需另加成本
功能應用
可用手、專用觸控筆輸入應用於輕薄型產品的按鍵
應用範圍
適用PDA、POS、手持式資訊產
品塑ATM、傳真機、影印機、簡易PDA、計算機、萬年曆塑
電容式
為了改良電阻式不耐刮的特性，在結構上最外
層是一薄薄的二氧化矽硬化處理層，硬度達到
7H，第二層為ITO，在玻璃表面建立一均勻電
場，利用感應人體微弱電流的方式來達到觸控
的目的，最下層的ITO作用為遮蔽功能，以維
持Touch Panel能在良好無干擾的環境下工作。
Capactive
Components and Process
Components
Resistance vs Capactive
F/G型四線電阻式觸控面板製程
可分為前製程及後製造，前製造從下料、清洗
ITO導電玻璃開始，接著製作Dot spacer
而後製程是製作ITO電極以及將ITO導電玻璃
與ITO導電薄膜分別印上電極和接上軟板後的
上板及下板貼合，貼合之後再進行裁切。
Dot spacer
前段製程中最重要的步驟就是dot spacer的製
作。Dot spacer是上部電極及下部電極之導電
層中間的絕緣阻隔，以手指或其他介質按觸上
方之ITO film，而dot space的高度約為5~10㎛，
太厚會造成使用者造成難以觸控、使用費力缺
點，所以均勻度及密度是dot spacer製程的一
大課題，主要可分高良率且自動化的黃光製程
和網板印刷製程。
黃光製程
印刷製程
1.前製程（玻璃基板入料清洗+ 烘乾）
2.Dot Spacer 印刷（需電鑄鎳板網版）
3.UV固化
4.後製程
黃光製造vs 印刷製程
曝光顯影（黃光）製程網版印刷製程
優
點
1.膜厚控制精度（8㎛）
2.Dot spacer 密度限制較小3.Dot spacer 品質佳、尺村形狀較均一化4.圓形Dot Sapcer真圓度較佳，直徑可控制在35㎛以下5製程良率較高1.製程設備投資成本較低2.設備佔地面積較小
3.不需耗費大量製程用水
4.製程較簡單
缺
點
1.製程設備投資成本昂貴2.設備佔地面積較大3.需耗費大量製程用水4.產生大量化學廢料1.Dot spacer膜厚不易控制，欲得到低膜厚
之dot spacer，需搭配低膜厚的電鑄鎳板網
版
2.光罩耐用度不佳，增加消耗成本
3.高密度dot spcaer不易達成
4.需搭配特殊規格的網版，才能製作出真圓
度佳、孔徑為35㎛以下的dot spacer
5.印刷用網版清洗不易，易造成網格阻塞等
情形
後製程
1.電極製作
後段製程，最重要的一道步驟為電極製作。在下板部份，將已完成Dot
Spacer製作的ITO導電玻璃，於非視區範圍印上銀電極後，再印上絕緣膠；而上
板部分由於ITO導電薄膜是以Roll to Roll的方式運送，所以需先將ITO導電薄膜裁
切成適當大小，再經過熱平坦化，並在背面鍍上一層保護膜，之後在ITO導電膜面
的非視區印上銀電極，其上再印絕緣膠，以保護電極並絕緣以避免導通或短路
2.貼合及裁切製程
先切再黏(基板損壞率低，製程良率較高)
先黏再切(減少人力，縮短製程時間）
競爭對手
日本美國台灣韓國
4線電阻
FujistsuNisshaSmkGunnzeDMCSLPS3M時緯科技(76)介面光電(100)洋華光電(200)益震科技宇宙光電(25)理義科技富晶通Samsung
Hantouch
5線電阻
3MELO時緯科技益震科技宇宙光電嵩達光電理義科技仕欽科技(13)Samsung
Hantouch
6線電阻
宇宙光電
電容
3M宇宙光電達諾光電(26)益震光電嵩達光電勝華光電(44)Inotouch