高考阅读理解猜测词义题解析
2019版高考英语复习：专题一 习题讲评 课八 词义猜测题增分点(一)——“根据上下文语境”猜测(含解析)
词义猜测题增分点(一)——“根据上下文语境”猜测[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)...Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over....29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[解析]选C根据选段第二句“In recent centuries, trade ...dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，近几个世纪以来，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语和汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占主导地位的”。
高考英语阅读理解专项指导—猜测词义1
作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去 解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字 意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句 或者同一段落中。
also
有害的 adj.
At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. 资金 n.
e.g.. Although the early morning ———— had been very cool, the noonday —— sun was tropical. hot 热的
Unlike Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome handsome man, John is quite homely． “homely” means “ ugly ”.
Can you guess the meanings of the following words?
superman (超人) nonnatural (非自然的) homeless (无家可归的) rebuild (重建) microwave (微波)
informal (非正式的) mispronounce
In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
一片混乱
技巧 3 Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、
高中英语高考冲刺---猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧知识讲解及巩固练习题(含答案解析)
高中英语高考冲刺---猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧知识讲解及巩固练习题（含答案解析）题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。
词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。
所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。
常见提问方式The underlined word“______”in the passage means______.What does“_______”in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase“________”most nearly means______.The word/phrase“______”could best be replaced by______.The word/phrase“______”in Line…,Para…refers to______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”?What’s the meaning of“______”in Line…,Para…?The underlined sentence in the first/second...paragraph probably means that________.正确选项的特点【链接高清】1.对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。
2.对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。
干扰项的特点1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。
2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。
解题思路1.返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。
高考英语二轮复习专题06阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题讲含解析03071137
专题6 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题【构建知识体系】2015-2017年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计2015-2017年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计2016-2017年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计【考纲解读】【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向1.【2017·全国I】DA build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only c omponents required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down wit h a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still eve ry time you need a drink.33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.【名师点睛】近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高同学们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题
高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表2017年2016年2015年全国卷Ⅰ2（代词that；短语the watercatcher）1(单词courier)1（单词contributions）全国卷Ⅱ2（代词that；句子the tables areturned）2(单词downside;代词it)1（短语signed off）全国卷Ⅲ1（单词displaced）2（代词them；短语a pipe dream）/近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。
但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。
例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。
这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。
词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。
常见的设问形式主要有以下几种：What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean?What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...?无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。
高三英语阅读理解：猜测词语意思概要
A 据上下文推测。根据指代这一重要衔接手段， 可知this是指代上文描述的东西a web camera, the monitor；第一段中说它在数百里之外观察她的每 一个动作，在第二段跟踪(tracked)她眼睛的移动， 窃听(listen)其他可能出现的帮手的声音，锁掉 (locked)网络通道，分析(analyzed)打字风格，确保 是其本人，可见，该监控器在防止作弊方面是够 先进的技术了！另外，也可以从以下第五段的第 一句中的other high-tich methods(另外的高科技方 法)得到启示，要选A。选项B(磨锐刀具)和D(分界 线)是从edge的字面意思( vt. 使锋利；n. 边缘)引申 而来，选项C(有效的规则)是无中生有，三者都与 上下文或文章的主题毫无关系。
考点分类导练
词义猜测题 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生 必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能,因此,词 义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。 这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意 思和判断指代内容。
猜测词语意思 要求考生根据语境猜测生词、短语 或句子的意思,或者推断熟词生义。题 干中常含有mean, is closest in meaning to, refer to, be replaced by等。这类题在 广东高考最近七年来,每年考查一个小 题。
3.根据同位或解释关系：通过生词后的定语(定 语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、 括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。 4.根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或 对比关系来推测词义。 5.根据因果关系：根据前后的因果关系来推断其 中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果，也 可由果推因。
6.根据列举的实例：根据such as， for example等 后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。 7.根据并列同类关系：一般说来,并列的几个事物 应属同类事物,由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。
高考英语阅读理解专项指导-猜测词义
65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_______.
• had weak effects on the customers B. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to lose
发现过去人们以群体的形式欣赏 音乐而现在则单个人在vidual
experience.
⑥利用对比关系猜词.
例如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
...is/are known as 被称为
...can be defined as 可被定以为
例如：
1. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is , it will break easily.
1
利用近义词的线索。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另 一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同 一句或者同一段落中。
③利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时， 他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有：
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代-2021年高考英语阅读理解精讲精练 (解析版)
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代代词指代题旨在考查学生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。
文章中的代词this，that, it，they，them等可以指上文提到的人或物。
其中it和that还可以指一件事。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
“3步法”解题此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one等）究竟指代什么。
具体方法：（1）返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...).（2）向上（有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子（就近原则）。
（3）将找到的词、词组或句子代人替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。
[微点拨]理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。
考生可利用上下文，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。
要记住代词永远出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代ADo you make money by doing small jobs? If you do, you may have heard of the idea of spending only some of it, saving some of it and donating (捐赠) some to people who need it more．The head of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, and his wife announced they were giving away 99% of their money from Facebook during their lives to help others！That alone is amazing considering most people donate about 3% to 5% of the money they have．It’s even more amazing when you realize they’re donating about D|S45 billion．That’s D|S45,000,000,000！！！！Don’t worry．They’ll still have about D|S455 million to live on!They made this decision partly because they had a baby girl, Max, and thought about what kind of world they’d like her to grow up in．It must be an amazing feeling to have that kind of money spent on people in need．Mark Zuckerberg is one of the richest persons in the world, so most of us will never know what that would be like．But we don’t have to be super wealthy to make meaningful change．Sometimes change can come from change!Tenyearold Joey Roth from America started saving up change he found anywhere —around his house, on the street, on his way to school ．．．And then he started putting it in a jar (广口瓶)．He even asked the tooth fairyto donate some change in his letter to her after he lost a tooth! (The tooth fairy is an imaginary person．) His collection, Jar for Change, has grown into a communitywide effort and he has raised over D|S10,000 all from people dropping coins into jars! The money he raises goes to help connect parents with their very sick babies．See what these people have done? You, too, can make a difference— no matter how old you are, where you live and how much you earn!1．How much would most people donate if they had 10,000 yuan?A．30－50 yuan．B．50－100 yuan．C．300－500 yuan． D．500－1,000 yuan．2．Mark Zuckerberg and his wife decided to make such a donation partly because of ________．A．Joey Roth B．their daughterC．their education D．their childhood3．What does the underlined word “that”in the third paragraph refer to?A．Making money．B．Spending money unwisely．C．Being the richest person in the world．D．Giving away D|S45 billion to help others．4．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Joey Roth’s story?A．Everyone can help others．B．Giving makes people happy．C．Pocket money can be helpful．D．Giving is better than receiving．BThere is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.We should not only embrace our heritage (遗产) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.5．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article?A．To help motivate homesickness.B．To show national identity.C．To reflect a country’s history.D．To show a community’s superiority.6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．The specific traditional food.B．The national culture.C．A traditional expression of food.D．The old-fashioned taste.7．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurants?A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.C．To make the dishes popular among customers.D．To present their own food culture in a new way.8．What’s he author’s attitude toward different food cultures?A．Negative.B．Balanced.C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.CAlong with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing (繁荣的) state in economic growth. It has recorded social changes in the past decades through the medium of the film. The film market of China has been much better than that of North America, becoming the largest in the world during the first season of 2019.In the original stage of reform and opening up, old Chinese movies were rescreen ed and foreign movies dubbed (译制). Audiences' enthusiasm for movies was lighted up by both these practices. In 1979, the attendance ofChinese moviegoers reached a record high of 29.3 billion. However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry. With the introduction of free competition and reforms, it made an abundant recovery and experienced rapid growth. In the same period, China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market, especially those from Hollywood. Despite the argument that foreign movies occupy the space of home-made ones, Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold in the local market with box offices setting several new records.The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry. In 2015, the powerful Internet companies, one called Tencent and another Alibaba, developed their own film arm and began to adapt popular online stories for movies. With big data, more accurate marketing skills can target specific audiences to satisfy their personal preferences. Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones. Now the film industry is exploring more advanced film screening technologies to provide audiences with an improved movie experience.9．Which threat did the Chinese film market face in the late 1980s?A．Popularity of televisions.B．Development of online cinemas.C．A slowdown in economic growth.D．Introduction of overseas movies.10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．The space of Chinese movies.B．The Chinese film industry.C．The socialist market economy.D．The introduction of reform and opening up.11．What does the author indicate in the end?A．Online cinemas will replace traditional ones sooner.B．The film screening technology is key to films' success.C．The Internet is a two-edged sword for the film industry.D．Movies made by Tencent and Alibaba are most successful.12．What would be the best title for the text?A．The Ever-changing Film MarketB．Popular Online FilmsC．Advanced Film TechnologiesD．Flourishing Chinese Films答案A语篇解读：不是一定要有很多钱才能帮助别人，我们也可以从小处做起。
专题 11 词义猜测题之单词、短语意义猜测-2021年高考英语阅读理解精讲精练 (解析版)
专题 11 词义猜测题之单词、短语意义猜测词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测，对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。
猜测词义的五大技巧:利用构词法猜词义利用逻辑关系猜词义利用语法关系猜词义：利用语言表述中的举例子、下定义、定语从句、同位语、自问自答、标点符号等进行词义猜测利用生活常识和文化背景猜词义ACortana．Alexa．Siri．These are names of robotic voices that are often programme d on electronic tablet s．They also become default (默认) identities for people with speech disorders who rely on technology to communicate．Now some speech scientists are developing personalize d voices to reflect the broader diversity of the people who use them．To do it, they are tapping into a vast network of volunteers who are donating their voices to share with people who cannot speak．The effort to build an international“Human Voicebank”has attracted more than 17,000 volunteer s from 110 countries, including Priyanka Pandya, a 16yearold from Columbia, Md．, who plans to spend her winter vacation record ing a string of sentences into her computer．“To be able to give somebody the gift of voice, I think that’s really, really powerful，”she said．“Everyone has a voice，”said Rupal Patel, founder of V ocaliD, the company that started the voicebank．“Even people who are unable to speak have sounds that are unique to them．”Her company designs personalized voices by recording the unique sounds of the user, and then mixing them with 6 to 10 hours of recordings from a voice donor, matched by age, gender and region．The company is developing voices now for its first 100 customers．Also, people’s voices change．The company is looking for donors who are willing to record their voices, and then record them again a few years later, as they get older．Some of the first customers say they are happy with the results．John A．Gregoire was one of the first customers to receive a personalized voice from VocaliD last December．The voice came eight years after he developed ALS (肌萎缩侧索硬化症) and more than six years have passed since his voice became unintelligible to everyone except his wife and youngest son．“Having a distinctive voice is like getting something back that was stolen，”John said．1．What can we know about the voicebank?A．It collects all kinds of voices．B．It gains strong public support．C．It helps to recognize special voices．D．It offers people personalized voices free．2．What does the example of John A．Gregoire stress?A．Customers’desire for personalized voices．B．V ocaliD’s efforts to develop personalized voices．C．Customers’satisfaction with personalized voices．D．V ocaliD’s success in designing personalized voices．3．What does the underlined word “unintelligible”mean in the last paragraph?A．Unclear．B．Soft．C．Incomplete．D．Rough．4．What is the main idea of the text?A．V olunteers donate their voices to V ocaliD．B．V ocaliD is devoted to building a voicebank．C．The Human V oicebank helps people with speech problems．D．The Human Voicebank wins fame among people with speech problems．BScientists are preparing to launch the world’s first machine to clean up the planet’s largest mass of ocean plastic．The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40,000 metric tons —within five years．In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tube s that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made．The system, originally dreamt up by Mr．Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1．8 trillion pieces of plastic．It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997．Mr．Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea．“There were more bags than fish down there，”he recalls．Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company．Mr．Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone．“We as humanity created this problem, so I think it’s also our responsibility to help solve it，”he says．The Great Pacific Garbage Patch cover s an area of 1．6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic, research found last month．Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and rope s —often from illegal fishing vessel s．Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys．Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic．Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it’s food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly．Others are trap ped and die of starvation or are strangle d or suffocate d by ghost gear．5．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?A．Waste．B．Ocean．C．System．D．Machine．6．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?A．Fishing vessels． B．Dolphins and seals．C．Giant tubes．D．Abandoned fishing gear．7．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?A．Because they are killed by ghost gear．B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear．C．Because they don’t like eating plastic．D．Because they are not feeding properly．8．What is the main idea of the passage?A．A report about the death of marine life．B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic．C．Information about ocean plastic．D．The reason for inventing a machine．CBilbao is Spain’s fourth largest city: a former shipbuilding community that faces out onto the Bay of Biscay. In the 1980s, the Basque regional government began a redevelopment programme for the city. They invited the best and the brightest in the international architectural world to design a new subway system, a new airport terminal, a new congress and music hall, and a new railway station. But, in order to raise the city’s growing global reputation (声誉), they wanted an art museum.In 1991 Basque officials approach ed the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in New York and met Thomas Krens, the fourth director in the museum’s sixyear history. Krens wanted to build a European base for the Guggenheim and with this idea in mind, he came to Bilbao.But there was a problem. Krens could see at once that the site chosen by the city council for its new art museum, a former winebottling warehouse (仓库) in the center of town, was a nonstarter. Krens had two models in his head —the Pompidou Center and the Sydney Opera House. Both buildings needed a very large amount of space, and Bilbao, an over-crowded riverside city, did not seem to have the space.Then, by chance, Krens found the perfect site. As an athletic man, he went out running one April evening in 1991. His route took him past the Jesuit University overlooking the River Nervion, and it was here that he noticed, at one of the many curve s of the river, a semiderelict (半遗弃的) waterfront zone which was perfect for what he wanted to achieve. The site was accepted within a week, and Californian architect, Frank Gehry, was chosen to realize the project.Gehry says now, with laughter, “What is it? A dirty river and lots of rundown buildings.” Yet he reveled in the disorder and dirt of the post-industrial environment, and was determined not to change anything about the waterfront site.The Bilbao Guggenheim dominates (高耸于) the city at every turn. It is a modern art museum like no other, and a building that must rank as one of the eight wonders of the modern world. It’s well worth a visit and there aresome interesting works of art inside too.9．What happened to Bilbao in the 1980s?A．It became the center of modern art.B．It was given a completely new look.C．It gradually lost its global reputation.D．It redeveloped its shipbuilding industry.10．Why did Krens refuse the site chosen by the city council for the new art museum?A．It was not large enough.B．It was too close to the river.C．It was in a terribly dirty state.D．It was far from the city center.11．Where is the Bilbao Guggenheim located now?A．In the center of Bilbao.B．Near the Bay of Biscay.C．Beside the River Nervion.D．Inside the Jesuit University.12．What does the underlined part “reveled in”in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Feared. B．Enjoyed.C．Disliked. D．Learned.答案：A语篇解读：这是一篇说明文，讲述了V ocaliD公司创建了“人类声音银行”(Human Voicebank)，旨在利用志愿者的声音和高科技帮助语言障碍者拥有自己独特的声音。
高考英语大题精做04阅读理解词义猜测题含解析新人教版2017102514
词义猜测题【题型突破】词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句意题。
因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点/态度等。
联系文章主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
近几年命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题方式】1.The word/phrase＂…＂in the passage means _________.2.The word/phrase＂…＂can be best replaced by _________.3. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _________?4.The word/phrase＂…＂probably refers to _________.5.What does the underlined word/phrase＂…＂in the passage mean?词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
熟练以下猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
Passage1（2017·新课标卷I，D）A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground waterevaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. It’s delicate.B. It’s expensive.C. It’s complex. .D. It’s portable.33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer t o?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.34. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. We ight the sheet’s center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheet33.B 【解析】词义猜测题。
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高考阅读理解猜测词义题解析词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文（包括语篇）、构词法及文化生活常识来推测词义的能力，包括考查生词含义、熟词新义、短语以及句子的含义。
词义猜测能力是新高中《英语课程标准》要求考生必备的阅读技能，属于七级和九级阅读技能目标。
此外，在高考的障碍阅读，即允许出现3%左右生词的阅读中，词义猜测题也是必考题型，因此，让学生系统地熟悉并掌握猜词技巧，为以后的阅读技能训练扫除词汇障碍。
阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境即各种已知信息来推测、判断某些生词的词义。
这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此，也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
有些考查单词的熟词新义，因为英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
猜测词义时，我们一般可利用以下四个方面的线索。
1 利用针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.1 根据定义猜测词义给生词下定义，或在破折号、冒号、分号后对该单词或短语加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
用句子下定义，常包括定语从句和同位语从句，定义常用的谓语动词多为be，mean，deal with，be called，be considered，be defined as（被定义为），represent，refer to等。
同位语从句出现的标示词有or，similarly，that is，that is to say，in other words，namely，or rather（精确地说），say（譬如说）等。
Do you know what a “territory” is？A territory is an area that an animal，usually the male，claims as its own.（2005年湖北卷）What is a bird’s “territory”？A.A place where families of other species are not acceptedB.A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voiceC.An area for which birds fight against each otherD.An area which a bird considers to be its own解析：由定义可推知，这里territory指的是“动物的地盘”，因此选D。
1.2 根据举例猜测词义举例能够为猜测生词提供重要线索。
So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 a. m.？What gives me the reason to just say no ice cream？Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，increases self-confidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape.（2011年四川卷）What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean？A.Good healthB.Firm beliefC.A strong powerD.A regular habit解析：通过commitment前面的举例，作者之所以能在早晨5点起床，能抵制住冰淇淋的诱惑，原因是作者有坚定的信念（firm belief）。
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added -s or -son.The Johnsons are descendants of John；the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert.（2010年江苏卷）The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s ———————.ter generationsB.friends and relativesC.colleagues and partnerster sponsors解析：结合前面的举例，可推测此词的意思是“后代，子孙”，选A。
2 逻辑关系猜测任何词义都离不开上下文的语境，所以可借助上下文对生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
根据逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
2.1 根据对比、比较等关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义，表示对比关系的词和短语主要有unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等，及由while引导的表示对比关系的并列句。
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，表示比较关系的词和短语主要有similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。
To water his flowers，he used two buckers.One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one，which had seen many years of service，but was now past its best.（2011年重庆卷）What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean？A.DirtyB.DarkC.Worn-outD.Plain-looking.解析：由“one…the other…”结构可知old and dilapidated与前面的shiny and new是对比关系，dilapidated的意思与shiny and new相反，意思接近于C选项。
2.2 根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas.（2011年北京卷）The underlined word “engage” in Para.4 probably means.A.exploreB.acceptC.changeD.reject解析：根据句意“我认为我们很少有机会进行深入交谈，真诚地……复杂的想法”，与之搭配的只能是A选项，表示“探讨”。
2.3 根据指代、并列、同近义、反义等关系猜测词义当猜测单词或代词等的指代问题时，应该在生词的前后句子中或段落中定位；当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两个词或短语在含义上是并列或递进关系，由此确定所猜测词句的意思。
如and前后的二个词汇多为同义近义关系，但or既可能为同义近义关系，也可能为反义关系！我们利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表明的关系猜测词义。
To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.（2011年福建卷）The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “——————”.A.alcoholB.absorptionC.bloodD.process解析：由前半句和后半句可知it代指的是process，D项正确。
3 通过构词法猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
3.1 根据前缀猜测词义Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools？（2005年江西卷）解析：根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是“男女同校教育的”意思。
3.2 根据后缀猜测词义It’s a quiet，comfortable hotel overlooking（俯瞰）the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England’s most southerly point.（2005年广东卷）解析：后缀-ise/ize意思是“使成为……；使……化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是“未被商业化的”。
3.3 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义For years we have bee n told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when asked if they want to go in the back seat of the car.（2008年福建卷）The underlined words “Praise-aholic kids” refers to kids who are ———— .A.tired of being praisedB.worthy of being praisedC.very proud of being praisedD.extremely fond of being praised解析：通过上下文，即通过前面的解释我们可推测出praise-aholic kids是指喜欢受表扬的孩子，但容易受C选项的干扰。