2021高考英语阅读理解满分必备解词义猜测题技巧
新高考2021届高考英语小题必练15阅读理解之词义猜测题
1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。
2.英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
3.阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。
1. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测【典例1】（2020·某某卷C篇节选）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.What does the underlined word “that”in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。
1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。
常用的语境法有：①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。
例1：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧得阅读者得天下。
要想在高考中得到高分，就必须提高阅读理解的得分率。
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的必考题型，而且利用文章所提供的语境来猜测生词的含义是阅读的必备技能之一。
跟着店铺一起来看如何破解这类题吧!【高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧】词义猜测能力是一项重要的英语阅读技能，同时也是上海高考英语卷对考生阅读能力进行检测的一个重要方面。
综观近几年的上海高考英语阅读理解题，我们可以发现，词义猜测的命题形式大体有以下三个层面：1.猜测一个单词的语境意义，如(上海高考66题)：What does the word “epic” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?2.猜测一个词组的含义，如(上海高考66题)：According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who...3.对具体语境下的特定句子的猜测，如(上海高考73题)：By saying “It could be your grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps...【解题技巧】1. 利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语或语句，此时可以通过熟悉的词语以及它们之间的关系来推知生词在文段中的含义。
2. 利用定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读中的生词，尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子。
常见的提示词(语)有to be, to do, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, inother words等，有时也以同位语(从句)、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来引出。
高考阅读满分绝招（词义猜测）
高考阅读满分绝招（词义猜测）3.词义猜测词义猜测题着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
Question Form(1) The word “…” in Line … means/canbe best replaced by …(2) As used in the passage, the phrase“…” suggests…(3) From the passage, we can infer thatthe word/phrase “…” is/refers to …(4) The word “…” is closest in meaningto …1. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?2. The underlined word in the second paragraph means“__________”．3. The word“it/they” in the last sentence refers to“__________”．4. What does the phrase “__________”in Paragraph 1 mean?5. The underl ined word“__________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by“__________”．技巧1：根据解释确定词义1. Social mobility is the movement fromone class or level of living to another. （社会流动性）2. The other questioned the veracity--– thetruthfulness of these reports. （真实性）3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. （坚决的）4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.（变戏法者）技巧2：根据对比确定词义In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. （一片混乱）技巧3：根据逻辑确定词义If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable. （不知疲倦的）技巧4：根据上下文情景确定词义The underlined phrase “mopping up” inthe second paragraph means___.A cleaning upB taking inC wiping outD giving outRainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.技巧5：利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义技巧6：利用构词法猜测词义Try to do the following exercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave thenest when they are big enough to fly．A. childrenB. ancestorsC.generationsD. mates2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green’sdesk．A. pieceB. balanceB. mixture D. pile3. Before you buy something，check the quality first．Forexample, if it is cheap, it might not be good．A．how good it is B．what the color isC．what the size is D．how big it is4. Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too．A．a dish B．directions for cookingC．a meal D．directions to your house5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor．A．walk on two feet B．flyC．sit in a chair D．move on the hands and knees6. Mr.Brown is an amateur photographer. He is an engineer. But in his free time he likes to take pictures．A. as a hobby B．for moneyC．as a job D．as work7. This small Christmas tree is made ofplastic．It is not a real tree．It isartificial．A. beautifulB. not naturalC. for a special holiday D．in an art museum8. whales and elephants are gigantic animals．No other animals can compare with them in size．A. small B．land C．sea D．Huge9. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly．A· a kind of fish B．a kind of catC. a kind of rock D．a kind of bird10. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood．They sell their carvings to stores and museums．A．draw B．beat C．heat D．Cut11. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not ingood health．The child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortable．A healthy child gets well quickly．A．a kind of animal B．a kind of foodC．a kind of childhood disease D．a lack of pure water12. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their baby．Pierre's family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years．Their ancestors came from France．A. family members from a long time agoB. grandparents and their grandchildrenC. parents, grandparents and great-grandparentsD．family members all living at the same time。
高考英语阅读理解------词义猜测题解题技巧
superman (超人)
nonnatural (非自然的)
homeless (无家可归的)
rebuild (重建)
microwave (微波)
mispronouce (发错音)
nonsmoker (非烟民)
eastwards (向东)
Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.
them指的是前面出现的self-published art magazines
However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。常 用逗号，破折号，冒号等。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧题技巧要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息结合中学生应有的常识和经验正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思
---猜测词义
考纲解读
猜测词义题： 词义猜测能力是英语高考阅
读理解能力的主要组成部分，是历年高考中 的必考题型，主要考查对文中关键词语（实 词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所 考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，
2021新高考英语阅读理解专题—如何猜测生词词义
2021新高考英语阅读理解专题—如何猜测生词词义把一个生词放在语篇中，让学生根据上下文语境去猜该生词的英语释义，是阅读理解中的必考题型，也是落实英语学科素养关于逻辑思维能力及批判性思维能力培养的关键途径之一。
01. 利用标点符号猜测词义省略号、破折号、问号等标点符号往往都成为了解题的突破口，读者当细心体会。
【2019全国I】But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. "...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.¤What does the underlined word "stumbles" in paragraph 2 refer to ?A.Improper pauses.B. Bad mannersC.Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.解析：根据Whaley的点评，学生Chris做得非常得棒（amazingly well），除了...,可知some stumbles是演讲中的弱点；然而，A、B、C、D都是弱点。
所以，本题再结合省略号可知，Chris讲话吞吞吐吐，结结巴巴。
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，而需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
下面让我们一起看看如何突破此类题吧！1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】（2022年全国乙卷，C篇）29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析：原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
2021年高考英语阅读理解技巧-猜测词义专项模拟讲义总复习
Lead-in(导入)
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.
2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______.
nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president
不标准的 不忠诚的 开锁 合作者 过分活跃 副总统
-al
-ble
-ern -ful 形 -ish 容 -ive 词 -less 后 -y 缀
-ly
-ous
en ize ify
A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的
3. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.
husbands, they expected to bring
with themselves a large quantity
of dowry.
嫁妆
2. Most of the roses are
beginning to wither because of
the cold.
枯萎
3. When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
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2021高考英语阅读理解满分必备解词义猜测题技巧技巧1利用构词法猜词义汉字大多都是形声字，声旁表音，形旁表意。
和汉字一样，英语单词也是按照一定的构词规则组成的，常见的构词法主要有三种：1.合成法合成法是指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词。
一般来说，新的合成词的意思就是各个组成词的意思的综合。
例如：workmate是由work（工作）和mate（伙伴）组合成的新单词，它的意思是"工友，同事"。
这样的单词在平时阅读中经常见到，也比较容易猜测出它们的意思。
【小试牛刀】（1）猜猜看，以下单词是什么意思呢？①ill-treat ②keyboard ③single-handed④air-condi tioned ⑤pineapple【典例】Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style ofthinking. Without fail one would declare, "But I m just not creative."...Q:What does the underlined word "downside" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.【解析】根据构词法进行猜测，downside由down和side组成，字面意思为"下面的一边"，初步可以猜测出词义为"不足部分"。
再根据画线单词后的"I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking"可知,我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险，说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。
故画线词意为"缺点"。
B。
2.派生法派生法是英语单词的主要构成法，它是通过在基础词根上添加前缀或者后缀来构造新词。
一般来说，前缀改变词义不改变词性；而后缀改变词性不改变词义。
例如：dis-, un-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,mis-等是一些表示否定或者相反意思的前缀，它们用在单词的前面往往构成原单词的反义词。
如：appear→disappear, possible→impossible, like→unlike,smoker→non-smoker等。
又如前缀re-表示"又，再"；co-表示"共同"；mini-或者micro-表示"小的"；over-表示"过于"；super-表示"超级，极"；tele-表示"远的"等。
【小试牛刀】（2）试试看，下面单词的意思你能猜出来吗？①telescope ②irregular③re-education ④imbalance3.转化法把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
例如：The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket．empty由形容词转化用作动词，在此表示"掏空"的意思。
又如：Widespread protests have placed the President under serious pressure.place由名词转化成动词，表示"安置，使……处于某位置"。
【小试牛刀】（3）以下例句中画线单词是什么意思，你知道吗？①If you wa ter plants, you pour water over them in order to help them to grow.②When fortune smiled on him, he made the most of it.③She smiled her thanks and arranged the guitar under her arm.【典例】(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇改编)The music can t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same.Q:present在此处的词义是本句是2017年全国卷Ⅰ中C篇的一个长难句。
句子之所以难以理解，是因为本句除了使用了对比结构外，还有词语的活用：presented。
present用作名词表示"礼物"；用作形容词表示"现存的，当前的"；在此句中被用作动词，表示"展现，表现"。
这句话的意思是：今天的音乐不能以1908年或者1958年的方式表现出来。
展现，表现。
【方法点津】利用构词法猜测词义的特点：（1）根据构词法猜测的词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确率比较高；（2）有些词具有多个词性或词义，添加不同的词缀会产生不同的词性和意义，需要细加区别。
例如：like可以作介词表示"像"，也可以作动词表示"喜欢"，添加否定前缀un-构成另一个介词unlike表示"不像"，添加另一个否定前缀dis-构成动词dislike表示"不喜欢"。
现在，你是否能猜出今年高考试题中recontextualization这个单词的意思？（语境重构）【小试牛刀答案】（1）①虐待,折磨；②键盘；③独自，单枪匹马地，独立；④装有空调的；⑤菠萝（2）①望远镜；②不规则的，无规律的；③再教育；④不平衡，不公平（3）①给……浇水；②惠及，垂青；③微笑着说技巧2利用逻辑关系猜词义语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义或大致义域。
对我们猜测词义帮助最大的逻辑关系有并列、转折和因果等。
并列关系英语中可以使用also, as...as, similarly, and, or, just as, likewise等词语表示相同或者相近的意思，这种表示并列的关系中，只要我们认识其中一个单词，就可以推测出另一个单词的意思。
如：Mr. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 分析：这个句子里面使用了表示并列关系的单词and，还使用了表示"相似"的单词similarly，由此可知，画线单词loquacious表达的意思和"loves to talk"的意思一样，即"健谈的"。
【小试牛刀】（1）猜猜以下画线单词的意思①My mother is short and fat. The principal of the school is almost as plump as my mother, and much shorter.②Children o ften try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.【典例】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·D篇)... Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. ...33.What does the author mean by "the tables are turned" in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.【解析】本题考查文章中对一句话的理解，属于广义的词义猜测题。
在这一句后面，又使用了一句同义并列的句子来对其进行解释，根据后一句话的意思"正在吃午餐的攻击者变成了午餐"可以知道，画线句子是指形势发生了转变。
A。
2.转折关系in contrast, on the contrary, unlike, however, but, despite, while 等词汇常常会被用来表示前后关系的转折，其前后表示相反的意思。
同样，我们也可以根据其中一个词汇来推知另一个表示相反意思的词汇。
如：Like poles repel; unlike poles attract.分析：这是一个典型的表示对比关系的句子，前后表达了相反的意思，还使用了反义对比的词汇Like和unlike，由此可知，repel和attract的意思相反，repel在此表示"排斥"。
【小试牛刀】（2）猜猜以下画线单词的意思①Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.②Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones, but we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve．3.因果关系英语中使用because, since, for, as, so, as a result, thus, therefore 等词汇表达因果关系，因为因与果具有直接联系，所以也可以用来猜测词义。