词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题
期末阅读理解专题训练----词义猜测题和练习
期末阅读理解专题训练----词义猜测题及练习一：词义猜测常见的题型有：The author uses theword “…” to mean ___________.The underlined word(phrase, term) “…” means ___________.According to the passage, the word “…” properly means ___________.The word “…” in paragraph … refer to ___________.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “…”?二：基本训练1．Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. A. 地理学 B. 生态学 C. 心理学 D. 考古学2．This strict officer is a martinet, a person who demands total obedience（服从）to rules, discipline and orders.A. 专制的人B. 软弱的人C. 强硬的人D. 要求严格服从纪律和命令的人3．Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A. 上级B. 前任C. 同事D. 下级4．The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was.A. 昏昏欲睡的B. 亢奋的C. 欣喜若狂的D. 麻木的5．All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.A. 成功的B. 徒劳的C. 有效的D. 匆促的6．She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.A. 心不在焉的B. 紧张的C. 全神贯注的D. 睡意浓的7．In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.A. 流泪B. 乞讨C. 呻吟D. 颤抖8．The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness.A. 兴奋B. 厌恶C. 清醒D. 疲倦9．To quite a great many people, money is an irresistible temptation（诱惑）.A. 不可抗拒的B. 可抗拒的C. 接受的D. 不可接受的10.When everyone agrees on a decision, the decision is unanimous.A. 无效的B. 一致通过的C. 匿名的D.有价值的11. A food that contains good and healthy things is nutritious.A. 有营养的B.鼓励的C.珍贵的D.稀少的12. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero.A.英雄B.主角C.偶像D.象征13.I'm a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won't give it up easily.A. frightenB. brave and carelessC. firmD. angry三：篇章练习（A）Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I would fall apart. I could just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology(人类学) student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed(加压力于) about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.1. The phrase “blank out” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______.”A. lose interest in the examB. refuse to take the examC. get an extra paperD. be unable to think clearly（B）Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can't, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious(认真的), write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list — preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days.Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read.Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words.If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited(继承) or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000～600 000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German.1. The phrase “be alert to” in the third paragraph may best be replaced by “_______”.A. look atB. pay attention toC. write downD. learn by heart2. In the fourth paragraph, the word “them” refers to _______.A. the parts of wordsB. prefixesC. suffixesD. roots（C）My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. My first jobwas to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I’ve never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didn’t want to work.1. The word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______.A. difficultB. boringC. interestingD. unusual（D）Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room(更衣室); everyone was hard at work. Sam’s supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. “How do you do!” he said. “I’m Sam Maynard. I’m applying for a job. Which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?”The room exploded in laughter. The supervisor clamped off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job—with the only tool that could win, a laugh.1. The phrase “clamped off” in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. tried to hold backB. tried to setC. chargedD. gave out（E）Two Inuit women, both in their mid 60s, are among the few remaining who can do Kntadjait, or throat singing, which has few words and much sound. Their art is governed by the cold of their surroundings, forcing them to say little but listen attentively.Ambrose started the festival in 1993, after several years of working with those reviving (coming back into use or existence) storytelling in Wales.“It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions. and as all the Welsh are storytellers, it was in good hands here.” Ambrose said.1. The underlined phrase in good hands means _______.A. controlled by rich peopleB. grasped by good storytellersC. taken good care ofD. protected by kind people（F）It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”1. “Finally it gave” (Pa ragraph 5) means that _______.A. Luckily the door was torn away in the endB. At last the wrench went brokenC. The lock came open after all his effortsD. The chance was lost at the last minute 综合阅读：Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support — money aid, material resources, and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.1. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can _______.A. make people live more easilyB. smooth away daily problemsC. deal with life changesD. cure types of illnesses2. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______.A. lies in the social medical care systems which support themB. has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersC. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”?A. takes the place ofB. makes up ofC. lessens the effect ofD. gets rid of4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of _______.A. instrumental supportB. informational supportC. social companionshipD. the strengthening of self-respect5. What is the subject discussed in the text?A. Interpersonal relationships.B. Kinds of social support.C. Ways to deal with stress.D. Effects of stressful conditions.2. D。
高考英语阅读理解专项训练之一词义猜测(可编辑修改word版)
高考英语阅读思路专项训练之一猜测词义一、词义理解题常见的题型有:The author uses the word “…” to mean .The underlined word (phrase, term) “…” means .According to the passage, the word “…” properly means .The word “…” in paragraph … refers to .By “…”, the author means .which of the following is closest in meaning to “…”?What is “…”?二、猜测词义方法1）Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义；He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. The underlined word means .A.strongB. firmC. kindD. clever2)Experience 根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义1.Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.to work to liveB. to eat to liveC. to teach to liveD. to pay to use2.A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.The word “audience” in the paragraph means .A.studentsB. people who watch a playC. people who act on the stageD. people who listen to something3)Related Information 即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。
初二英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题30题
初二英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题30题1. In the story, the old man had a "peculiar" habit. He always talked to his pet bird as if it could understand him.A. strangeB. commonC. lovelyD. bad答案：A。
解析：根据句子“He always talked to his pet bird as if it could understand him”，老人总是对着宠物鸟说话，好像鸟能听懂他一样，这是一种比较奇怪的习惯，而不是常见的、可爱的或者坏的习惯，所以peculiar在这里表示strange。
2. The scientific article mentioned that some animals have the ability to "camouflage" themselves. For example, the chameleon can change its color to match the environment.A. hideB. protectC. disguiseD. show答案：C。
解析：从“the chameleon can change its color to match the environment”可知，变色龙改变颜色来匹配环境，这是一种伪装自己的行为，disguise有伪装的意思，hide主要是隐藏，protect是保护，show是展示，所以选C。
3. In the cultural custom article, it said that in that tribe, people would "revere" the old trees. They would hold special ceremonies around the trees.A. cutB. respectC. ignoreD. plant答案：B。
中考英语阅读理解词义猜测与上下文理解题50题
中考英语阅读理解词义猜测与上下文理解题50题1. I saw a “sale” sign in the shop window. What does “sale” mean?A. 购买B. 出售C. 打折D. 交换答案：C。
“sale”常见的意思是“打折”“促销”，在商店橱窗看到的“sale” sign 通常表示商品在打折出售。
A 选项“购买”是“buy”；B 选项“出售”可以用“sell”；D 选项“交换”是“exchange”。
2. The teacher said, “Class, please be quiet.” What does “quiet” mean?A. 大声的B. 安静的C. 活跃的D. 忙碌的答案：B。
“quiet”意为“安静的”，老师说让班级安静下来，就是让大家不要吵闹。
A 选项“大声的”是“loud”；C 选项“活跃的”是“active”；D 选项“忙碌的”是“busy”。
3. We had a picnic in the park yesterday. What does “picnic” mean?A. 会议B. 旅行C. 野餐D. 聚会答案：C。
“picnic”就是“野餐”的意思，在公园里进行的通常是野餐活动。
A 选项“会议”是“meeting”或“conference”；B 选项“旅行”是“trip”或“journey”；D 选项“聚会”是“party”。
4. The students are playing football on the playground. What does “playground” mean?A. 教室B. 操场C. 图书馆D. 实验室答案：B。
“playground”指的是“操场”，学生们踢足球通常在操场上进行。
A 选项“教室”是“classroom”；C 选项“图书馆”是“library”；D 选项“实验室”是“laboratory”。
阅读理解细词义猜测题 (解析卷)
冲刺中考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题重点练【词义猜测题】此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。
其主要提问方式是：(1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________.(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.(3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________.(4) Here “it” means________.【解题技巧】猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。
英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。
任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。
据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。
2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。
3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。
Passage 1（2021·浙江绍兴市·九年级期末）Japan is a nation that look up to silence and good manners.Yet, when it comes to eating noodles,Japanese people can be the loudest in the world.According to a lifestyle website, slurping（发出啧啧声）when eating noodles encouraged in Japanese culture.It's believed that taking air into your mouth can improve the taste of the noodles and help cool down the food. It's also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes,just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It was not until a new expression —"noodle harassment（骚扰）"— came out online that Japanese people started to notice the problem.They found that the slurping noise was making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.Months ago, Japanese instant noodle（方便面）maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork. The fork looks like an electric toothbrush. It is connected to a mobile phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork will send a sign to the person's phone.Then the phone will play: sound to cover the slurping noise.But is it really necessary? Dining traditions and table manners do be different. In India, people eat with their hands.They think they build a connection with the food in this way. However, people who are used to eating withforks might find it unacceptable to get their hands covered in oil or sauce. But this eating method is part of India's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own."So,if you are eating noodles, please slurp,"wrote a Japanese food blogger."If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay no attention to them.They're missing the point totally."1．The underlined word"appreciation"in Paragraph 2 is probably similar to" ________".A．worry B．thanks C．hunger D．opinions2．Japanese people started to realize the noise problem when ________.A．a new expression came out on the InternetB．some Japanese students felt uncomfortableC．they wanted to make the noodles more enjoyableD．it was uncomfortable for themselves to make the noise3．The special fork cancels out the slurping noise by ________.A．playing a sound itself B．using an electric toothbrushC．connecting to a person's phone D．sending a sign to foreign visitors4．The writer wrote this passage to ________.A．stop Japanese people eating noodles aloudB．make Indian people get used to eating with forksC．encourage Japanese people to pay more attention to visitorsD．help people understand and value different cultures of eating【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述日本人吃面发出声音这一现象，告诉我们要尊重各地不同的文化和习俗。
八年级英语阅读理解词义猜测题50题
八年级英语阅读理解词义猜测题50题1. In the article about artificial intelligence, the word "sophisticated" is used to describe a program. "The new AI program has a very sophisticated algorithm that can process complex data quickly." What does "sophisticated" probably mean?A. simpleB. advancedC. basicD. old - fashioned答案：B。
解析：根据句子中提到这个人工智能程序能够快速处理复杂数据，可推断出这个算法是比较高级的，而不是简单、基础或者过时的，所以sophisticated在这里意思是advanced。
2. The passage on space exploration says: "The astronauts had to endure extreme conditions during their mission. The word "endure" means:A. avoidB. sufferC. enjoyD. create答案：B。
解析：在太空任务中提到极端的条件，宇航员应该是要忍受这些条件，而不是避免、享受或者创造这些条件，所以endure 的意思是suffer。
3. In a tech article, "The device has a miniature camera." Here"miniature" most likely means:A. largeB. tinyC. brokenD. colorful答案：B。
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题1.The boy was so excited that he ran around the park like a wild animal. What does “wild” mean?A.tameB.calmC.fierceD.gentle答案：C。
“wild”在这里的意思是“凶猛的、狂野的”。
在这个句子中，男孩像个野生动物一样在公园里跑，说明他非常兴奋，行为比较激烈。
选项A“tame”是“温顺的”；选项B“calm”是“平静的”；选项D“gentle”是“温柔的”，都不符合语境。
通过上下文可以推断出男孩的行为很激烈，所以“wild”应该是“fierce”的意思。
词义猜测的技巧是根据上下文的描述来判断单词的意思。
2.The old man sat on the bench, looking at the beautiful sunset. What does “bench” mean?A.chairB.tableC.sofaD.long seat答案：D。
“bench”在这里的意思是“长凳”。
在这个句子中，老人坐在长凳上看美丽的日落。
选项A“chair”是“椅子”；选项B“table”是“桌子”；选项C“sofa”是“沙发”，都不符合语境。
通过上下文可以推断出老人坐在一个可以坐的地方看日落，而且“bench”通常是指长凳。
词义猜测的技巧是根据上下文的描述和常识来判断单词的意思。
3.The girl was wearing a beautiful dress with colorful flowers on it. What does “colorful” mean?A.blackB.whiteC.monochromeD.multi-colored答案：D。
“colorful”在这里的意思是“多彩的”。
在这个句子中，女孩穿着一件有彩色花朵的漂亮裙子，说明裙子的颜色很丰富。
初二英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题30题
初二英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题30题1.The boy is very naughty. What's the meaning of "naughty"?A.cleverB.kindC.badly behavedD.hard-working答案：C。
“naughty”的意思是“顽皮的、淘气的、不听话的”，也就是“badly behaved”。
选项A“clever”是聪明的；选项B“kind”是善良的；选项D“hard-working”是勤奋的。
通过上下文可以推断出这个男孩很调皮，所以答案是C。
词义猜测可以根据上下文的描述来判断。
2.She has a sweet smile. What's the meaning of "sweet"?A.bitterB.sourC.deliciousD.pleasant答案：D。
“sweet”在这里表示“甜美的、令人愉快的”，也就是“pleasant”。
选项A“bitter”是苦的；选项B“sour”是酸的；选项C“delicious”是美味的。
根据常识，微笑通常是令人愉快的，所以答案是D。
可以通过常识和对词语的理解来猜测词义。
3.The old man is very weak. What's the meaning of "weak"?A.strongB.tallC.thinD.not strong答案：D。
“weak”的意思是“虚弱的、无力的”，也就是“not strong”。
选项A“strong”是强壮的；选项B“tall”是高的；选项C“thin”是瘦的。
根据描述老人很虚弱，所以答案是D。
可以根据词语的反义来猜测词义。
4.The book is very interesting. What's the meaning of "interesting"?A.boringB.difficultC.funD.easy答案：C。
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专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题)一、知识链接英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。
即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。
如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。
据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。
因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。
任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。
但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。
此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. The underlined sentence, means_______.二、真题演练（一）典型例题例1、T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits.They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not paytoo much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes.Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just liketheir friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________.A. tasksB. messagesC. differencesD. advantages变式练习Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although mostpeople do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know littleor nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we doand that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony ofdying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying andkilling improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means________.A. formB. conditionC. painD. sadness（二）课堂练习10: OOPMScience/HeathIs it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is "yes". According to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food---lost about13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal" category(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce theirblood pressure to a level similar to what's achieved with Hypertension drugs.In Science/Health, "Johns Hopkins" is________.A. a famous universityB. a medical centerC. a well-known doctorD. a drug company三、方法点拨1.根据定义猜测词义通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义.①直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
1)In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person findshimself or herself in a difficult situation.定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, becalled, be known as, define, represent等。
②同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in otherwords, namely, or rather等副词或短语出现。
2)William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill togethe r.”The underlined word “mingled” in the paragraph most probably means “______”．A. simpleB. mixedC. sadD. happy3)Mary felt perturbed, that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sister's action.4)There are two types of fat, external fat(fat under skin)and internal fat (fat inside the body wall)．③定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。
5)The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.6)Perhaps the days are gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.What does “the days” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Imaginary life.B. Simple life in the past.C. Times of inventions.D. Time for constant activity.2.根据逻辑关系猜测词义①根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有时对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词来猜测其词义。
英语中表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast ,on the contrary, on the other hand和while 引导的并列句等。
7)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast,is quite humble and modest.②根据类比关系猜测词义表示类比关系的词和短语主要有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。