阅读理解词义猜测题讲义(老师)
阅读理解猜测词义(优秀公开课)精品PPT课件
…Miss Watkins was a nobody. She was a drifter. No fa mily, no close friends. … The underlined word “nobody” in the second paragraph is close to the meaning of ________
What does “囧” mean？
今天好囧啊， 等了半天打不到的士。 囧：无奈，郁闷，尴尬
槑：很呆，很天真，傻到家了
If you come across new
words when reading,
? What will you do
•Look them up in the dictionary
事实细节
11 10 11
词义猜测
1 2 2
推理判断
6 6 4
主旨大意
1 2 3
对考纲外生词的猜测
Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_______________.”
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.
2.The word “…” is close to the meaning of ______.
3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题学习讲义
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题（讲案）（一）识别和判断猜词题题干特征常见命题形式1. 意义类The word “...” probably means ______.By saying “...” we mean ______.“...” as used in the passage can best be defined as ______.2. 替代类The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by ______.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”?What do you think the expression “...” stand for?3. 指代类The word “...” refers to ______.（二）猜词类题目解题技巧1. 利用上下文语境来猜测词义Passage 3There are so many ways to make new friends such as joining a sports team, taking part in community activities, or traveling. And there is no doubt that a friend in need is a friend indeed because he can help you out when you are in trouble or encourage you when you are upset. So, joining a sports team will be my first choice.The primary reason for this is that everyone in a sports team has the same interest, which is the most basic character for friends. Because of it, they will become your potential friends so that the chance to be friends is very high. In addition, the same interest can give you a lot of topics to talk about with your friends in daily conversation.（2017-2018，省实验高一上期期中考试，B）1. 【★★★】The underline word “potential” can be replaced by .A. beatB. suitableC. reliableD. possible【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。
名师讲座 阅读理解之词义猜测体
(for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold
68．The underlined word “triggered” in the third
paragraph probably means “________”． A．set off C．built up B．cut off D．broken up
答案
A
[提示：词义猜测题。利用要诀8词义猜测法。]
learn to smile，talk, walk, dance or play sports.But the idea goes further：mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a
The word “...” in the paragraph refers to________．
What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph？/What does the underlined word mean? Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？ Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？
第17讲阅读理解词义猜测题(讲义)-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(原卷版)
►第17讲词义猜测题（讲义）【复习目标】明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法熟练代词的含义【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解词义猜测题细目表【网络构建】命题规律：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
题型和考查角度：1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
命题方式：The phrase“...”in the sentence could be replaced by“”.The word “...”in the paragraph refer to“”.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the.. paragraph?Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”?The word“...”most nearly means“”.The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .解题技巧：文中画线处上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征：1.根据定义推测词义有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。
第03讲 词义猜测题(讲义)(教师版) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第03讲词义猜测题目录01 考情透视·目标导航∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙102 知识导图·思维引航∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙203 考点突破·考法探究∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2考点一题型破解∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2知识点1 题型特点∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3知识点2 选项规律∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3知识点3 高分技巧∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3考点二代词猜测题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙4考点三单词或短语猜测题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6考点四句意猜词题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙7 04真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙92.命题演练∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙10近三年阅读理解词义猜测题考点细目考点一题型破解知识点1 题型特点分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。
高考英语一轮复习课件：阅读理解猜测词义课件
动物学家
牧羊人
夜班
1. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.2. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.3. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 65,000 yuan a year.4. We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.Conclusion:定义或释义关系常由:①由________从句，或由②__________________________________等词汇或③________号来表示。或由④__________________________________________________引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系。
____________________________
____________
Technique1定义/释义
Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
神秘地
变化形式，不同版本
限制
悲惨
找后缀，猜测词义
_____
_____
黑暗
沉闷
_____
_____
_____
2024届高考二轮阅读理解专题复习之词义猜测题课件(共30张PPT)
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
According to the passage, “thrifty” means ___节__约___
exhibitions in one day.
（因果关系）
（转折关系）
4. I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up.
出差错，疏忽
2.语法关系 猜词义
猜一猜：
哑剧 （下定义）
1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits
out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
变戏法的人 （从句）
3.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News Weekly,
television.
模仿 （并列、近义关系）
2.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in
contrast, is quite humble and modes傲t. 慢的
（对比、反义关系）
极大地，巨大的
高考阅读理解解题技巧之猜测词义课件
Hale Waihona Puke finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. What does the word “ anaesthetic"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?______
What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?_Ａ____
A.something soft, small and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at home C. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy
B.
known
as,
be
defined as，constitute，refer to等词汇或破折号， You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning.
【名校课堂】获奖PPT-高考阅读理解解题技巧之猜测词义课件（最新版本）推荐
Rules 1： 通过定义或解释来猜测 【名校课堂】获奖PPT-高考阅读理解解题技巧之猜测词义课件（最新版本）推荐
You can discuss with your partners; So have a go !!!
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高考阅读理解词义猜测题应试技巧小结-----从高考看如何做词义猜测题一．猜测词义题目的提问方式单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义常常不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。
这类题目常见的提问形式有：1. The word “…” in paragraph… means / can be best replaced by ….2. The und erlined word “….” in the fourth paragraph refers to __________.3. From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “…” is/ refers to …4. The word “…” is closest in meaning to …5. As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests …二．猜测词义题目做题方法⑴．针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义利用句子中其它词的意义和整个句子的意思来猜测生词。
尤其是本句话和其前后两句话，因为上下文可以给学生提供认知线索，把情境与词义联系起来便可猜出它的大概含义，尤其在be或be called等判断词出现的判断句中，生词是被解释说明的表语，或是用来下定义的主语。
这是猜测词义的最基本最实用最行之有效的方法之一。
定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例如：①（05 湖北卷A段）Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。
②（04 浙江卷B段）Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land”.由定义我们可以推断这里Green building 指的是什么。
2. 定语从句或同位语对其先行词起修饰或解释说明的作用，有助于猜出该先行词的词义。
例如：①pantomime refers to a short play in which no word are spoken.根据下文结构，pantomime指得是不出声的短剧，即“哑剧”②（04 福建卷E段）Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .According the passage, The Pines is a .A．place in which you can see many mobile homesB．mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC．town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
3. 有时标点符号中的破折号“——”也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。
This terrible tornado—a wind which went round and round as fast as 500 miles an hour and picked up everything in its path, such as large trees, cars and even houses.根据破折号后面的句意，可以猜测出tornado意思是“龙卷风”4. 根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例如：（04 辽宁卷C段）The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。
㈡内在逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1．据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。
表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。
表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
例如：（NMET 2002 E篇）A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2．据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。
表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。
由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。
3．据因果关系猜测词义当because, since, as, so, so … that与such … that这些表示因果关系的信息词出现在有生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义，例如：①（05上海卷B段）I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “”.A．full of respect B．too confident and rudeC．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。
对应的理解题答案为：B。
②（05江西卷D段）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：“修剪（树枝等）”的意思。
4．根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。
一些常见的标志词语：表示同义词的有or, like , similarly, and ，as well ，either, the same常见的表示反义词语境的词有：yet, but, unlike, however, although, while, not…but…,instead of…,on the other hand, on the contrary, rather than等。
例如：①If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.根据主句yes ,no 是反义关系，可以看出条件句也是反义，因此dissent,意思为“反对”②John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.根据下文转折连词however可以看出thrifty 是与前文浪费钱相反的意思，既“节约的，节俭的”③（05 江苏卷E段）William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn （纱线）, good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means.A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：“混合的，交织的”，答案是：B。