阅读理解之词义猜测题解析

1. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever
2. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.
给同学们的建议：
同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离 语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专 业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在 解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上 下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果 离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然 会理解错误。
特别提醒
①不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能 得出其意思。
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
2. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关 系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but、while、 however、 otherwise等。
逗号后的or water给出了irrigate的准确含义 ，即“灌溉”的意思。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week.
两个破折号之间的短语重述了night shift的 含义，很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的 意思。
is happening to him. n. 麻醉剂(药)
It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 说明：根据常识，Bill Gates 为世界首富， 所以 affluent 可能是“富有的”。
As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances. 说明：根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他 应因“发明物”而闻名于世。
Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
(v. 不同意)
She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
of the rivers and lakes which have been
polluted.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. it指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题（the question）。
根据上下文指代关系猜测代词
文章中的代词it, that, this, he, him 或 them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it 和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的 对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需 要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得 出代词所指代的事。
Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago… them指的是前面出现的self-published art magazines
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
6. Word Formation 构词法：
生词词义。遇到生词不要慌张，也不要停 滞不前，而应继续阅读下去，也许该词的 意思在下文中很快就会明朗。
设问方式
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.
应答技巧？
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。常 用逗号，破折号，冒号等。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组rways is an enormous
task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
government may not be able to save some
Summary
猜 测 词 义
1. Definition 定义法 2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识
micro+bus 微型公共汽车
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
super- (超)
mini- (极小的, 微小的)
micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）
mis-（误，恶） im-（不）
un-（不，非）
in-（不，非）
non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ）
-less（不，无） -wards (向)
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和 词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部 分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上 前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。 只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本 含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新 词的含义了。
Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.
8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和 生活经验来猜测词义。
在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据 自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识 将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、 风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可 以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义 的能力自然就会增强。
A. 便士 B. 温饱 CC. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱
3. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的 4. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital CC. countryside D. house
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，
he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his
patient to feel pain or to know what
2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______.
3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
4. The underlined word “…” means ______. 5. The underlined word “…” can be replaced________. .……
②不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文 得出其在特定语境中的意思。
Inquiry-based Activities (I)
探究活动 (1)
Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?
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With their shining brown eyes,
wagging tails, and unconditional love,
dogs can provide the nonjudgmental
listeners needed for a beginning
reader to gain confidence. 没有判断力的
unconditional: 无条件的, nonjudgmental: