最新形容词的比较级和最高级(初中新目标)教学文案

形容词的比较级和最高级

一、比较级/最高级的构成：

（1）规则变化：

①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er或-est。

eg: calm→　calmer→ calmest tall→ taller→ tallest smart→　smarter→ smartest

②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r或-st

eg: nice→　nicer→ nicest fine→　finer→ finest large→　larger→ largest

③以“辅音+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er或-est。

eg: early→　earlier→ earliest happy→　happier→ happiest busy→　busier→ busiest

④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est。

eg: big→　bigger→ biggest thin→　thinner→ thinnest (big thin hot red wet sad fat fit)⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more或most。

eg: popular→　more popular→important→　more important→slowly→ more slowly→

（2）不规则变化：

少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：

much/many→　more→　most little→　less→　least

good/well→　better→　best bad/badly/ill→　worse→　worst

far→　farther→　farthest (更远些) old→　older→　oldest（更大些）

→　further→　furthest（更深入）→　elder→　eldest（年长些）

二、原级的用法。

1. 表达“Ａ和B一样”，用as…as的结构。

句式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B

A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B

eg: I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。

He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。

He is as tall as me. 他与我一样高。

He is as old as me. 他与我一样大。

He isn't as/so old as me. 他没我大。

2．表达“Ａ不如B”用not as(so)…as的结构。

句式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as+B

A+助词的否定形式+动词+as(so)+形容词原级+as +B

eg: I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。

He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。

3. 只能修饰原级的词very, quite, pretty, really, too, so, enough等。

eg: I am pretty healthy.

English is so difficult.

4. 感叹句中用原级。

eg: What an interesting book!

5. “less+形容词/副词的原级+ than”可与“not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as”互换。eg: He isn’t as old as I.=He is less old than me. =He is ______ than me. =I’m ______ than he /him.

He doesn’t run as fast as I. = He runs less fast than me.

= He runs ______ ______ than me. = I run ______ than him. 他跑得没我快。

Chinese isn’t as difficult as English. =English is less difficult than Chinese. 语文没有英语难。

三、比较级的用法:

1. 表达“Ａ大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。

句式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…

A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…

eg: I am taller than you.我比你高。

He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。

2．比较级前常见的修饰词有： a lot, much, far, a great deal (……得多);

a little, a bit…(一点儿) ; even(甚至) ; still(仍然)等。

eg: He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。

I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。

3.比较级前可加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大/小/长/短多少”等。

eg: I am two years olde r than he.我比他大两岁。

This building is 20 meters higher than that one.

4．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

eg: It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。

He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。

Our country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。

5．“the+比较级…，+比较级…”表示“越……，就越……”，

eg: The more，the better.多多益善。

The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。

6．“the +比较级+ of the two…”表示“两个当中较……的一个”;、

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

7. or句式：特殊疑问句， A or B？

eg: Who is younger, Lucy or Lily? 露西和莉莉，谁更小一些？

四、最高级的用法