AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
英语国家概况美国部分
英语国家概况—美国部分测试题姓名____________ 班级_______________ 分数______________1. America was named after（）.A. Italian navigator ColumbusB. navigator Amerigo VespucciC. some Indian chieftainD. George Washington, founding father of the United States2. Between 1860 and 1990, the United States witnessed（）large-scale population movements.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 53.At the beginning of the Berlin Blockade, President Truman turned down the option of（）.A. sending supplies through the highways, protected by tanks and troopsB. sending supplies through the waterwaysC. starting large-scale airliftingD. staring limited airlifting to test the Soviets4.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of（）.A. coalB. electricityC. oilD. wheat5.The Constitutional Convention in America was attended by（）.A. all of the 13 statesB. all of the states except MarylandC. all of the states except Rhode IslandD. all of the states, but later Rhode Island withdrew from the convention6.In the United States, Henry Ford became famous（）.A. because of his wealthB. because he set up the Standard Oil CorporationC. because he was the first to invent carsD. because of his Model T automobile7.The attitude of many Americans toward different political views after WWⅡcan be described as（）.A. following the main trend of viewB. intolerantC. indifferentD. tolerant8.In the U.S., the Red Scare refers to（）.A. a senseless hysteria about the danger of communismB. a fear of Soviet subversionC. a senseless hate of anything foreignD. an intolerance of any idea different from the mainstream idea9.In the United States, the“winner-take-all”system applies to（）.A. all the statesB. a majority of the statesC. all states except MaineD. only Maine10.In “Old Man and Sea”, Hemingway praises the old man’s attitude towards（）.A. defeat and failureB. the seaC. his workD. nature11. Which of the following is NOT among the five biggest cities in the United States?( )A. Chicago.B. New York.C. Miami.D. Los Angeles.12.____, which banned slavery, was added to the American Constitution in December, 1865.( )A. The Bill of RightsB. The Thirteenth AmendmentC. The Civil Rights ActD. The Voting Rights Act13.___ have made it possible for all sections of the American population to have higher education.A. The research universitiesB. The doctoral universitiesC. The community collegesD. The liberal arts colleges14. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of___.( )A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year's Day15. ____is one of the most popular places in the United States to celebrate the New Year's Day.A. The Disney I.and in FloridaB. The White House Lawn in Washington D.C.C. Hollywood in CaliforniaD. Times Square in New York City16. The best-known speech made by civil fights leader Martin Luther King is_____.A. "Guess who?"B. "I have a dream"C. "United we stand, divided we fall"D. "First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen"17. The real American literature began_____.A. before the Civil WarB. after the Civil WarC. before the War of IndependenceD. after the War of Independence18. MIT stands for_____.A. the Military Institute of TexasB. the Macy's Instigation of ThanksgivingC. the Miami Institution of TradeD. the Massachusetts Institute of Technology19. At the Constitutional Convention in September 1787, the delegates who argued for a national system called themselves______.A. RepublicansB. DemocratsC. Anti-FederalistsD. Federalists19. The Purchase of Louisiana Territory in 1803 from France______.( )A. increased the American territory by one thirdB. increased the American territory by a halfC. almost doubled the size of the United StatesD. almost tripled the size of the United States20. In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion after WWII, the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid, which later came to be called _____.( )A. the Fourteen PointsB. the New FreedomsC. the New DealD. the Marshall Plan21. In view of the problem of poverty in the 1960s, President Kennedy had onceadmitted that_____of the American population went to bed hungry.( )A. about one quarterB. about one thirdC. about halfD. about two thirds22. Membership in the House of Representatives is based on_____.( )A. the number of cities in each stateB. the number of families in each stateC. the size of population in each stateD. the size of cities in each state23. In the United States, if the parents don't send their children to school at certain age,____ .A. the state government will be responsible for itB. they will educate the children themselvesC. they can save a lot of moneyD. they are breaking the law24．Most of the first Chinese immigrants who came to the United States between 1850—1880 settled down in ______.A．Florida B．Washington C．California D．New Jersey25．In September, 1774 the First Continental Congress was held in ______, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods.A．New York B．Boston C．Philadelphia D．Concord 26．During the American westward movement, Democratic politician John L. O’Sullivan produced the famous theory of ______.A．“Isolationism”B．“Good Neighbor Policy”C．“Social Darwinism”D．“Manifest Destiny”27．In 1972, U.S. President ______ visited China, which led to the establishment of diplomatic relations with China in January 1979.A．Ronald Reagan B．Richard Nixon C．Jimmy Carter D．Gerald Ford 28．Which work praised the idea of equality and democracy and also celebrated the dignity, the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man?A．Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman. B．Self-reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson. C．Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain. D．Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser. 29．The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born American citizen at least ______ years of age.A．30 B．35 C．40 D．4530．On April 30th of 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in ______ which housed the first American government.A．New York B．Washington C．Philadelphia D．Boston31．The conference that decided to set up a world organization ——the United Nations was held in ______.A．Teheran B．Cairo C．Yalta D．Washington32．Which statement is NOT true about the Great Depression in the 1930s?A．Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few days.B．Misery and personal sufferings were widespread.C．Many lost their land and other properties because of foreclosures.D．The stock market crash was the beginning of long economic recovery.33．During the American Civil War, the victory at ______ proved to be the turning point for the Union Army.A．Harrisburg B．Gettysburg C．Lexington D．Fort Sumter 34．A typical example of American intolerant nationalism from 1919—1920 was ______ that exaggerated the danger of Communism.A．McCarthyism B．the Ku Klux Klan C．the Red Scare D．Desegregation 35．In the U.S. each local school district has a governing board which is usually ______. A．elected by the voters B．chosen from the teaching staff C．selected from the local community D．appointed by the county magistrate 36．In America, the Constitution provides that ______ shall be President of the Senate.（）A．the Speaker of the House B．the Secretary of StateC．the Chief Justice D．the Vice President37．Higher education in the United States began with the founding of ______ in 1636.（）A．MIT B．Yale University C．Harvard College D．Princeton University 38．Theodore Dreiser was the literary representative of American______.（）A．Romanticists B．Transcendentalists C．Modernists D．Naturalists 39. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population.A. blacksB. AsiansC. IndiansD. Hispanics40. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______.A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John JayB. George Washington, James Madison and John JayC. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John JayD. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams41. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______.A. the Southern States of AmericaB. the Federalist States of AmericaC. the Confederate States of AmericaD. the Anti-confederate States of America42. With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______.A. a rapid growth of citiesB. an influx of foreign goodsC. an increase of urban ghettosD. a great increase in the number of farms43. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing.A. BostonB. DetroitC. New York CityD. Philadelphia44. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______.A. HalloweenB. Veterans’ DayC. Thanksgiving DayD. Independence Day 25．______ to the Constitution, as the foundation of the American constitutional system, were called the Bill of Rights.（）A．The first three amendments B．The first five amendmentsC．The first ten amendments D．The first twelve amendments46．The Articles of Confederation in 1781 was unusual because it provided for ______.（）A．no king B．a strong central government C．civil rights D．taxation powers 47．In his inaugural speech,______ said that“the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”. A．Lyndon Johnson B．Theodore RooseveltC．John F. Kennedy D．Franklin Roosevelt48．The Second World War came to an end in ______.（）A．1945 B．1946 C．1947 D．194949. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______.A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficitB. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficitC. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficitD. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit50. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true?A. It is the supreme law of the land.B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world.C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress.D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress.。
美国ppt课件英文
Federalism and the Three Branches of Government
• Detailed description
• Federalism is a form of government in which central and local governments share power. • The characteristics of the federal system in the United States are separation of powers and checks and balances, with three branches of government being independent
Civil Liberties and Human Rights
Detailed description
The US government agencies and court system are committed to protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens and preventing government abuse of power.
VS
Welfare System
The US welfare system provides temporary financial assistance to low income families and individuals in need Assistance may include food stamps, housing subsidies, Medicaid, and cash welfare
(完整版)西进运动原因、过程、影响(英文)
Westward Movement is a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, Anglo-American people and their society expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. It plays a vital role in the formation, the development and the present situation of the United States of America. Particularly, Westward Movement has seeped into this young nationality in the sphere of cultural influence. However, at the same time Westward Movement is also the Indians’ tragic history.The causes of Westward Movementrge Population. As early as in 1820’s there was flood of new immigrants fromEurope to the United States. Then the stream of immigration continued. Between 1815 and 1830 over 500 000 Europeans came into the United States. They had expected to live a better life, but they found themselves still poor in the crowded Northeast. As they were dissatisfied with the conditions at home, they hoped to find a more favorable environment on the frontier.2.California Gold Rush. Gold was discovered in California in the 1840s. This rush madelots of people move West with the hopes of becoming rich!3.Cheap, Fertile Land. As for the local farmers, they had no better life and they lost theirland piece after piece because of land speculation. So they moved west to the vast area of wilderness where the land was cheap and great for farming.4.Freedom for Runaway from Slaves. Slaves from the South could have freedom in thenew western territories where they settled in all black communities free from white prejudice.The progress of Westward MovementThe westward movement began in the early 1600's with European settlements along the Atlantic Coast of North America. It continued until the late 1800's. First, some illegal immigrants went into west, and then American government brings these areas into their control. Then, many pioneers located in these areas. At first, pioneers were located in the east of Mississippi River. In the early 19th century, America expended its territory by the way of buying and invasion. In 1803, American government bought the Louisiana from French. From the early age of 19th century, the immigrants move to the west of Mississippi River. By the mid-1840's, adventurous pioneers had reached what are now California and Oregon in the Far West. The last frontier was the Great Plains between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains. The settlement of that region began in the 1860's. In 1862, Lincoln promulgated the homestead law and made the westward movement reach the peak.American Westward Movement is not only the process of original accumulation of capital in the development of capitalism, but also the process of promoting extensive exploitation of the west and rapid development of economy.The influences of Westward Movement1.It stimulated the development of American west. It provides ample labors and wealthfor the exploration, and it laid a firm foundation for capitalistic development of American.2.It utterly changed American appearance: large quantities of barren lands werereclaimed; a lot of capital farms were set up; the development of agriculture in west provided a large amount of food, material and domestic market on industrial development; nature recourses were opened up to developed industries.By expanding the nation’s borders to include more than three million square miles, the United States became one of the most powerful countries of the 20th century.3.It Shaping American Characteristics. Western unique survival requirement formedimportant attribute which molded the American nationality disposition and values, and it also planted the spirit and the dream of the American. The vast field of west and the cultural difference provided an opportunity for development of individualism. Under the given condition of Westward Movement, and the competition of the society has fostered American people’s pragmatism.4.Providing Plentiful Sources for American Culture and Art. Westward Movementhas played a premier role in popular culture. Westerns and the stories abouttheir life on the frontier have been popular in the United States and throughoutthe world5.However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering, destruction, and cultural lossfor the Native Americans of North America。
美国概况政治地理
美国概况-政治习题(2008-10-12 15:29:05)Political System1. The Judicial Branch is headed by _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. President2. The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 33. The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____.A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagle4. _____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. Congress5. The symbol of the US Republic Party is _____.A. tigerB. elephantC. donkey6. The political system of the US is based on the following except _____.A. federalismB. the constitutional monarchyC. the separation of powersD. respect for the constitutionE. the rule of law7. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive8. The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____.A. the size of the areaB. the size of the populationC. the traditionD. the wealth9. The Democratic Party of America was founded in _____.A. 1845B. 1828C. 178710. There are _____ departments in American Government.A. 13B. 14C. 1511. The law-making or the legislative body in the government is _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC. the CabinetD. the president’s committee12. All states in America have the legislative branch of two houses except the state _____.A. NebraskaB. NevadaC. Oregon13. In each state there are about _____ counties on average.A. 30B. 50C. 6014. The members in the Senate must be at least _____ years old and those in the Representative _____ years old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 2515. The tenure of office of federal judges is _____ years long.A. 8B. for lifeC. 516. The Democratic and the Republican Parties gradually lost their differences after _____.A. 1865B. 1860C. 187017. There are _____ presidential electors for all the states.A. 535B. 100C. 538D. 43518. The Federal Government and the states governments are supposed to _____ each other.A. guideB. controlC. keep independence from19. If the president wants to put a treaty into effect, he has to get the approval by two thirds of the _____.A. SenateB. CabinetC. CongressI. Fill in the Blanks1. Only the _____ _____ has the right to interpret the constitution.2. There are _____ voting members in the House of Representatives.3. Each of the fifty states of US elects _____ senators.4. There are _____ judges in the Supreme Court of America.5. The first ten amendments added to the constitution in 1791 was called the _____ _____ _____.6. The Federal Constitution consists of _____ articles and _____ amendments.7. The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and this is called the “System of _____ and _____”.8. The _____ determines the government and divides the power of the government into three branches.9. The official presidential residence is the _____ _____.10. _____ is the only way in which the president can legally be removed from office.11. In 1974 President _____ was impeached and he resigned his office before a trial could take place.12. The parties in the US choose all their candidates for election, except for president, as “_____ _____”.13. In American history _____ presidents have been assassinated.14. The president who was first assassinated in 1865 was _____ _____.15. The American Congress is made up of two houses: the _____ and the House of _____.16. In the US the chief function of _____ is to make laws.17. The Democratic Party grew out of the _____.18. There are _____ persons in the Jury.19. There are _____ members in the Senate.20. The head of he House of Representatives is called the _____.21. According to the _____, the president should be a citizen born in the US territory.22. The two main parties are the Democratic and the _____ Party.II. Explain the Following Terms1. FBI2. The President-electIII. Answer the Following Questions1. What is the role of the US congress? What is the criticism of the Congress in the American Press?2. What are the main features of the State government?美国概况-地理习题(2008-10-12 15:30:39)1. The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern2. In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 metres below sea level.A. CaliforniaB. UtahC. Arizona3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades Mountains4. The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia PlateausA. Great BasinB. Colorado ValleyC. Great Plains5. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming6. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River.A. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana7. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan8. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia9. Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence10. The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ metres and the drop average _____ metres.A. 1650, 50B. 1240, 49C. 1540, 4911. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western12. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A. IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Utah13. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston14. About _____ of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds15. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky16. Mount Mekinley lies in the _____ Range.A. Sierra NevadaB. CascadesC. Alaska17. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami18. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria19. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron20. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/321. Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico22. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific23. The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.A. 1/10B. 1/5C. 1/924. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska25. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth26. About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except _____.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico27. There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 628. Detroit is famous for the production of _____.A. automobileB. timberC. bamboo29. The City St. Louis in America is called the gateway towards the _____.A. EastB. WestC. NortheastD. Southwest30. The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco31. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans32. The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____, providing _____ percent of the total output each year.A. Pittsburgh, 60B. Chicago, 50C. New York, 6033. The largest industrial city in America is _____.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston34. Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.A. subtropicalB. continentalC. tropical35. ¬_____ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue36. In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical Park.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco37. Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut38. The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.A. the GulfB. the AtlanticC. the PacificI. Fill in the blanks1. The United States is situated in the _____ part of _____ America.2. The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by _____ and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.3. To the west of America lies the _____ Ocean.4. To the east of America lies the _____ Ocean.5. The seat of the American Federal Government is the District of _____.6. The _____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.7. The famous _____ National Park is located in the northwestern part of Wyoming.8. The western part of the central plain is also called the “_____ _____”.9. The Mississippi River flows from the _____ lakes to the Gulf of _____.10. The lowest point in the whole of North America is _____ _____.11. The world-known _____ _____ lies in northern Arizona, which is cut by the Colorado River.12. The largest island salt lake in North America is the _____ _____ Lake.13. The United States includes _____ states and a _____ district, the District of Columbia.14. The Declaration of Independence was first read on July 4th, _____.15. The two main tributaries of the _____ River are the Missouri River and the Ohio River.16. The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of _____ and the United States.17. Through the middle of the country, north and south, runs a line which is known as the _____ _____ _____ _____.18. The South region in America has in general, a warm climate. People often call it the “_____ _____”.19. The largest state, _____, is famous for its glacier, waterfall and ripples.20. There rises the tendency of shifting the centre of industries from the _____ to the _____.21. The famous _____ _____ is known as the financial centre, the symbol of the American monopoly capitalism.22. _____ is the centre of theatres in America.23. The nickname of Pittsburgh is the _____ and _____ City.24. _____ is the second largest in population in the U.S.25. The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____ in the central Pacific.26. Most of the inhabitants in the U.S. are of _____ origin.27. Negro slaves were first brought to America at the beginning of the _____ century.28. The Death Valley is _____ metres below sea level.29. The population of the United States is about _____ million.30. The Statue of Liberty Island in _____ _____ harbour.31. _____ _____ is the base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A.32. _____ _____ is the smallest state in size and the most densely populated state of the U.S.A.33. From a geographical point of view, the fifty states are grouped into _____ regions.34. The nickname of Houston City is _____ _____.35. _____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.36. _____ _____ is the longest and the most important river in the system of Gulf.37. The Library of Congress is in the city of _____.38. New England is located in the _____ corner of the country.39. The area of the Pacific coast is known for its growth of fruits, vegetables and wheat, especially in _____.40. The Middle Atlantic Region is marked by its industry. It is often called the _____ Northeast. II. Explain the Following Terms1. “The backbone of the continent”2. melting pot。
英美文化概况名词解释问答题
英美文化概况问答题以及答案：1.What are the some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? Can political reform in China borrow anything from that? 美国政府三大部门的一些主要权利是什么？三大部门之间如何制约和平衡？中国的政治改革能否从中借鉴什么？A．What are the some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government?The three branches—the Legislative, the Executive, headed by the president. And the Judicial, headed by the Supreme Court.The Legislative, including both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House of Representative) 。
The legislative branch(立法机构）is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes and declare war or put foreign treaties into effect.The Executive, headed by the president. The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. All such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the Senate. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The judicial branch(司法机构) is headed by the Supreme Court with a chief justice and 8 associate justices. The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution and other cases which do not arise out of individual states.The Supreme Court has the judicial review power.B．How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? System of “checks and balances (制约与平衡的原则)”of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another.C．Can political reform in China borrow anything from that?China does not make the separation, but can absorb the reasonable factors. The people's congress system is a basic system suitable to China's national conditions. It directly reflects that people's democratic dictatorship is national nature in our country, reflected the whole picture of our political life and is the basic forms and means for the people to be the masters of democratic rights.(中国不搞三权分立，但可以吸收其合理的因素。
致用英语 英语国家概况单元复习题 选择题 Unit 3
致用英语英语国家概况单元复习题选择题Unit 3致用英语英语国家概况单元复习题选择题Unit Three Political System1. The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A. contribution a state has made to the nationB. populationC. sizeD. none of the above2. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____.A. the Liberal PartyB. the Democratic PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Republican Party3. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the MonarchC. the Prime MinisterD. the King4. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A. Thomas JeffersonB. James MonroeC. James MadisonD. Abraham Lincoln5. The general election in Britain is held every ____ years.A. fourB. threeC. sixD. five6. The real power of the British government lies in _____.A. the House of CommonsB. the cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterC. the Prime MinisterD. the Queen7. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of appealD. Speaker of the House8. In 1865, the __________ Amendment which banned slavery was added to the Constitution.A. TenthB. TwelfthC. ThirteenthD. Fourteenth9. In the U.S., a President can be elected to office only ________.A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four times10. The Senate is composed of ______ seats from each state in the U.S.A. 2B. 5C. 8D. 1011. _____ is the leader of the British government.A. Prime MinisterB. QueenC. PresidentD. Governor12. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A. Thomas JeffersonB. James MonroeC. James MadisonD. Abraham Lincoln13. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest14. In Britain, ___ has the ultimate authority of legislation.A. the QueenB. the House of CommonsC. the House of LordsD. the Prime Minister15. The American Constitution was drawn up in ____A. 1787B. 1790C. 1783D. 178916. In USA, _______________ has the right to determine whether or not the laws and acts of government are in accordance with the Constitution.A. the PresidentB. the SenateC. the Supreme CourtD. the Representatives17. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A. eight-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. two year18.The Bill of rights is the term used for ______ to the Constitution of the United States.A. the first ten amendmentsB. the last five amendmentsC. the tenth amendmentD. the most important amendment19. The President of the United States is head of the branch.a. legislativeb. executivec. judiciald. party20. The general election in the USA is held every ____ years.A. fourB. threeC. sixD. five21. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 1,200C. 1,198D. 76322. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the .A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. the Shadow Cabinet23. Which branch of the American government has the power to interpret the Constitution?A.The Supreme CourtB.The PresidentC.The HouseD.The Senate24. Frderalism is a system of government in which ________.A. power is given to a central government which deals with all matters of nationalnterestB. power is distributed between two tiers of government, each exercising its allotted powers independent of the otherC. a central government has no real power and it must depend on the other tier of governmentD. one tier of government must depend on the other tier of government25. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights26. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia27. _____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. Congress28. The political system of the US is based on the following except _____.A. federalismB. the constitutional monarchyC. the separation of powersD. respect for the constitution29. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive30. The law-making or the legislative body in the government is _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC. the CabinetD. the presiden t’s committee31. The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_____.A according to their populationB according to their sizeC according to their tax paid to federal governmentD equally感谢您使用本店文档您的满意是我们的永恒的追求！（本句可删）------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------。
英语国家国家概况大题
Chapter1.1．What are the full name of the U.K?The united kingdom of great Britain and Northern Ireland。
2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.what Is Standard English?Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It’s widely used in media and taught at schools. It’s preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English. It’s also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used. Chapter21 What are the tow components of the British Parliament?They are the House oh Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.Chapter31. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?The three functions are: to draft laws. to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why are independence candidates unlikely to win in the general election? Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote foe independent candidates.3. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspaper, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short period of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties’ own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spends a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.Chapter 4 Economy简答题：1 What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. in1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2 What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?Britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.Chapter 5 Education, Media and Holidays简答题：1 What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2 What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 6 Literature简答题：1 What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s plays and their representatives?Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays include: Richard Ⅲ,Henry Ⅳand Antonym and Cleopatra. His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet.2 What is stream of consciousness?Stream of consciousness is the writing technique which puts the unorganized flow of thought onto page. Writers who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the characters’ mental and emotional reactions to external events rather than the events themselves.问答题:Give a brief account of Romanticism.Romanticism is the literary trend that appeared in England at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is revolt against the prescribed rules of Classicism. Writers of Romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with reason and intellect. Discontent with the development of capitalism, they seek a literary refuge. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge began the trend with their joint work Lyrical Ballads, whose preface is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence”. It was the “second generation” Romantic poets such as Lord Byron, Percy Byssi Shelley and JohnKeats who brought the Romantic Movement to its height.Chapter 8 Geography and People简答题：1 How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven. The most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The Great Plains have a comparatively small population. The South also has a population of almost 57.5 million. The West is not densely populated expect for some metropolitan center like Los Angeles and San Francisco. It has about 20%of the nation’s population.2 How is the life of the Native Americans today?About one third of all Native American now live on reservations and the others live in cities. Poverty and Unemployment are the major problems for them, especially on the reservations.问答题：Why is the United States regarded as a “melting pot” and a “salad”?The United States “is not merely a nation but a nation of nations”. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America was described as a “melting pot” where various racial and ethnic groups were combined into one culture. Recently, Americans have been called a “salad”in that people of different races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously but at the same time keep their distinct culture and custom.Chapter 9 History简答题：1 Why did America change its policy and enter World WarⅡ?The American’s policy of neutrality changed in 1940. Because of the formation of the Axis, the American government feared that the Axis countries were winning war and it might threaten American’s security and interests. It began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the Axis Power. The Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2 What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon made three well-known contributions: a) brought the Vietnam War to a close; b) reestablishing U.S. relations with China; c) negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the former Soviet Union.问答题：What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World WarⅡ?During the two world wars, America remained neutral in the early stage of the wars. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries; Therefore, they not only retained their military forces but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatlystrengthened its power, and became the most powerful country by the end of World WarⅡ.Chapter 10 Government简答题：1 What are the two characteristics of the U.S. Constitution?One is the “checks and balances’. The other is that the powers of the central government and the powers of state government are specified.问答题How is a President voted into office in America?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President as soon as the first stage is over.Chapter11简答题：2 How did the Civil War affect the American economy?After the Civil War, the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable. Northern industries, which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war, surged ahead.3 Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the United States has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.问答题：2 Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America’s economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s, the United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up an Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course. In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible tothe people, has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated growth.Chapter 12简答题：1 How does an American university choose its applicants?American universities choose applicants on the basis of : a) their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university; d) their scores on the SAT.4 What are the origins of Thanksgiving Day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World. In 1620, the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food, so many of them died. During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.Chapter 13简答题：3 What is the Lost Generation?The Lost Generation refers to the young American writers caught up in the World WarⅠ and cut off from the old values yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization has gone mad. They produced works of disillusionment. Two of the most representative writers of the Lost Generation are Ernest Hemingway and F.Scott Fitzgerald.问答题：1 What are the characteristics of American writing during the Romantic period?During the Romantic Period, most of the American writings placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions, and they displayed an increasing attention to the psychic state of their characters. They celebrated America’s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The Romantic writers had a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.。
美国公共行政学百年回顾二
美国公共行政学百年回顾二消息是：尽管私有化对于校正公共部门的缺陷并非灵丹妙药，但私有部门的确给公共项目带来更有效率和更负责任的真正机会；私有化的坏消息是：政治压力可能导致私有部门能干得更好的事让公共部门干，由公共部门干更适合的事反而让私有部门去做。
组织思想的演变：女性的观点到1990年，妇女在公共部门中的比例达到60%。
妇女参与公共事务存在两大问题：一是工资偏低；二是所谓的“天花板效应”——即高层管理阶层的妇女比例偏低。
笔者曾经做过计算，按照二十世纪的发展趋势，要达到国会中男女数量平等需要400年。
女权主义组织分析家安克尔(Joan Acker)在《性别组织理论》(1992)一书中认为，长期男性对组织的控制导致了组织理论的男性观点：1.男女分工产生了男女不同的工作类型；2.创立了男性组织标志和形象；3.男女的关系是领导与被领导的关系；4.由于组织内男女分工和机会不均，不同性别应有不同行为和态度的观点逐渐成为心理和思维定势。
对组织和管理的女性观点将会对公共行政学产生深刻的影响。
公共行政学的女权主义理论家斯蒂夫(Camilla Stivers)在《公共行政中的男女形象：合法性与行政国》(1993)中说，“只要行政领域被看成与性别无关，妇女就将面对目前的霍布森(Hobson)选择，即或是接受男性行政标志，或是接受官僚体制中靠边站的地位”。
机构前景：官僚体制改革还是质量改善的继续？在二十世纪九十年代，新的管理见解对组织机构应当如何被管理、下属应当如何被指导、政府项目的消费者应当如何被对待等问题有重大影响。
1992年，巴泽勒(Michael Barzelay)与阿摩亚尼(Babak Armajani)发表《突破官僚制：政府管理的新视野》。
该书基于在明尼苏达州的革新实验，即通过强调顾客服务、给雇员授权、有选择性的竞争和减少行政规章制度而改变公共项目。
两位作者认为，政府不应当是官僚型、规章制度约束、强调控制和没有灵活性，他们向韦伯型的传统组织结构和运作机理提出了挑战。
英语国家概论
二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.()9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.()5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.( )6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.( )7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.( )8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. )9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory. )10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government. )2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.( )3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.( )6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. )7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.( )8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.( )2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. )3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.( )5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.( )6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.( )7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.( )8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.( )10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.( )Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.( )3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.( )4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.( )5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.( )6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.( )7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening. )8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper( )9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.( )10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions. )Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.( )3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.( )5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.( )6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.( )7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".( )8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.( )10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.( )Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.( )2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.( )3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.( )4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.( )5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.( )6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.( )7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.( )8.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws.( )9.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their tongue. )10.Catholicism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith.(Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory. )2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.( )3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens. )5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.( )6.Half of the U.S. Population lives in the western metropolitan centers.(7.The Blacks brought from Africa to America usually worked on plantations or farms in the North.( )8.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to9.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.( )10.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.( )Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.( )2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.( )3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.( )4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.( )5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.( )6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.( )7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.( )8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".( )9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq. )10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.( )Chapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.()7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.()9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.( Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.( )4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.( )6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s. )7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses )8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.( )9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.( )10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.( )Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.( )2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.( )3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.( )4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.( )5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.( )6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.( )ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.( )8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.( )9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.( )10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.( )Chapter 131.Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin are two sources of American literary spirit.( )2.Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and he devised a poetic style,free verse.( )3.Emily Dickinson's poems are usually long, exploring the inner life of the individual.( )4.Stephen Crane is famous for his writings about Americans living in Europe.(5.Ezra Pound led the School of Imagism, which advocates a clear, highly visual presentation.( )6.As a Jewish writer, Saul Bellow focused on Jewish characters and social problems.( )7.Jack Kerouace's On The Road is a representative work of "the Beat Generation".( )8.Alice Walker was passionate about both the civil rights movement and the women's movement, and The Color Purple is her masterpiece.( )9.America's most renowned playwright is Tennessee Williams, and his plays are highly experimental in form and style.( )10.Arthur Miller was concerned with the conflicts of the individual within society, and Death of a Salesman is his masterpiece.( )Chapter 141.Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of territory.( )2.Canada's expansive area can be divided into five geographic regions, each with a distinct landscape and climate.( )3.The lakes in Canada cover 7.6% of the Canadian landmass.( )4.Canada has a typical oceanic climate influenced by both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.( )5.The Seven Years' War led to the British control of most of the territories in Canada.( )6.Canada was split into Upper Canada and Lower Canada in 1791.( )7.During World War II, neutral policy protected Canada from the wartime destruction.( )8.Quebec separated from Canada and established a French--speaking nation in the 1960s.( )9.Chretien's Liberal government succeeded in lowering the persistently high unemployment rate.( )10.Canada was the first country in the world to allow same--sex marriage.(简答题11.II. State your understanding of the following questions.1. How do British enjoy the Christmas day?Christmas is the biggest and best loved British holiday. Schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. Most British people celebrate it by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another tradition is the Queen's Christmas message, broadcast over the television and radio. A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas.2.What were the major causes of Britain’s relative economic decline in the postwar period?First, Britain suffered great economic losses in two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material & large market for British goods, gained independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make Substantial financial contributions to NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.3. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?It is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their own internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.4. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education aspossible. It is an outcome of the American's assertions about the equality among people.The second ideal is that of producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. Education in the U.S. is governed by state and local governments, not by the national government.The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known. Learning is not just a process of memorizing knowledge that already exists in books. It is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation, analysis and synthesis.5. How is a President voted into office in America? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage , presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President as soon as the first stage is over.An open answer to the second part.6. Why can we say that Puritanism has much influence on America?a) Puritans were encouraged to read the Bible in order to bett er understand the God’s will. Thus, education had been essential for Puritans, which education had been stressed during American history.b) When Puritans came to America, they wanted to build “a city upon hill”—an idealcommunity. Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model of other nations.c) Puritans established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism, whichhad had much influence on the following generations.d) The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American valuessuch as individualism, hard work, and respect of education owe very much to the Puritanbeliefs.。
Checks-and-Balances
"Checks and Balances" in American Political SystemsThe United States is a free and democratic country，more than 200 years ago, in order to prevent abuse of power，the American funding father established a government of separate branches，specifically，they divided the government into three branches：legislative，executive, and judicial。
Each of the three branches plays an important role in the government, they all have their own different powers. When American talk about their three—part national government, they often refer to what they call its system of ”checks and balances”. This system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another。
\As mentioned above，the American government is made up of the executive branch，the legislative branch and the judicial branch, these three branches are not independent from each other, because the separation of powers is associated with the system of checks and balances.The Legislative BranchThe legislative branch is made up of elected representatives from all of the states and is the only branch that can make federal laws，levy federal taxes，declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. The legislative branch consists of a Congress that is divided into two houses：the Senate and theHouse of Representatives.The House of Representatives comprises lawmakers who serve two—year terms。
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We all know that we have a proverb: "A nation is only through the men it produces, but it also honors the people who do not remember it themselves." (John F. Kennedy, U.S. president) has a profound significance and value, not only in our work, and in our study. This means that a country history, a symbol of great significance. As the saying goes you can explain, through a series of examples below.
This allows us to understand the historical development of our society has an important role. Looking back at history, the old Enlightenment idea of the importance of liberating liberation against the ignorance doctrine, movement, promoting universal education. Early in the 17th to the 19th century against the ignorance of religion in Europe this trend is the rise of Marxism against the feudal autocracy but in its essence, it is the bourgeois political thought, It is the Renaissance bourgeois anti-feudal, anti-abstinence, anti-church struggle to continue and develop, directly to the French Revolution in 1789, laid the ideological foundation.
Enlightenment thinkers believed that social progress is not the reason, why the ignorance of people, religious forces, mainly due to the people of the spirit of domination and slavery, in order to change this situation, must be based on rational and scientific authority. Leaders of the 18th century French Enlightenment, Voltaire, his thoughts had a great impact in Europe, so people have to say later: "18. Century is the century of Voltaire," the main advocates. Rousseau is a radical
democrat, the essence of his thought and the basic sovereignty of the people ideological principles. This "popular sovereignty" idea, he thought all the rights belong to the people, right on the performance and application must reflect the will of the people. ("Social Contract," On the Origins of Inequality "") their ideas are bad for the liberation of the old ideas played an irreplaceable role.
Locke is the property of the people made a great contribution, Locke bourgeois revolution in England during the time in order to meet the needs of the British bourgeoisie. He believes that Hobbes was amending the contract, by the country of registration, protection of private property, so the state should not interfere in private property of citizens. He had a famous saying about "my son into the cottage wind, rain may enter, the king can’t enter." Locke even further pointed out that the human rights of private property, private property, no right to talk about the foundation. Formal political power, he supported the constitutional monarchy, advocating national legislation, administrative and foreign affairs, the right should belong to boards. Later, the Second World War, colonial, semi-colonial upsurge of the national independence movement, a large number of Asian, African nations gained independence, destroying the colonial system of imperialism. eighteenth century 60's and 70's between the 18th century, the British in North America, the tension between the thirteen colonies of Great Britain Kingdom continues to rise, and eventually broke out in 1775.
In summary, human and social development is inseparable from the joint efforts of society to move forward,
the emancipation is very important, from the Enlightenment to the present federal state, are inseparable from the emancipation of the mind, and ultimately to a democratic republic.。