英语八类状语从句的用法归纳
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英语八类状语从句的用法归纳
一、概说
状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、时间状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。
2.表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是:while 从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用 when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用 as。另外,用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A:
“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”
A. As
B. While
C. Because
D. If
3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。如:
He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。
I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。
4.表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如:
I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。
The moment I have finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。
5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来,请关门。
He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him.上次我见到
他时他什么也没告诉我。
By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。
三、条件状语从句
1.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如:
Don’t come unless I telephone.除非我打电话,否则你别来。If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。
As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy.只要你尽力,我们就满意了。
2. in case 也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。如:
In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我。
四、让步状语从句
1.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。如:
The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨,他还是出去
了。
2. as 也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略 a / an。如:Teacher a s he is, he can’t know everything.虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。
3.连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。如:
While we don’t agree we continue to be friends.尽管我们意见不同,我们还是朋友。
4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。如:
Don’t lose heart whatever you do.不管你做什么,都不要灰心。Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way.不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。
注:表示“虽然”的 though, although 不可与 but 连用,但可与 yet, still 连用。
五、原因状语从句
1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等:
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on.他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。