英语现在完成时专项讲解及练习

现在完成时专项（一）

现在完成时：

一.现在完成时的用法

(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just(刚刚)，already(已经) ,yet(已经) ,never(从不)，ever(曾经)，before(以前),so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。

- Have you had breakfast yet?

你吃过早饭了吗?

一Yes,I have. I've just had it.是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)

I've already read the book.我已经读过这本书了。(了解了书的内容)

(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。此时的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。They have lived here for twenty years.他们在这里住了20年了。(还可能继续住下去)

We' ve lived here since 2006.从2006年开始我们便住在这里。

二、构成

“助动词have (has)+动词过去分词”构成现在完成时。

主语为第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have。

三、句型结构

如:

He has taken down the wall.他已经把那面墙拆了。

He hasn't taken down the wall.他还没拆除那面墙。

-Has he taken down the wall?他拆除那面墙了吗?

-Yes, he has./No, he hasn't.

是的，他拆了。/不，他没拆。

What has the boy given to his friend?男孩给了他朋友什么?

Who has finished homework?谁完成作业了?

四、动词过去分词的变化规则

规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去式的构成相同。不规则动词的过去分词须特殊记忆。如:

finish -finished- finished

live -lived- -lived

stop- stopped- -stopped

carry-carried -carried

go –went- gone

see- saw- seen

forget- forgot- forotten

五、already 与yet 的用法

(1)already 与yet 都有“已经”的意思，但already 常用于肯定句中，放在助动词have/has 之后，过去分词之前;yet 常用于疑问句或否定句中，并用于句末。 I've already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。

Have you seen the film yet?你已经看过这部电影了吗?

(2) yet 用于否定句中,意为“还(没);尚(未)”，通常位于句末。

I haven't seen the flm yet.我还未看过这部电影。

注意：在现在完成时的句子中，含有already 的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时，要把already 改为yet,并放于句末。

I have already finished reading the book.我已经读完这本书了。

I haven't finished reading the book yet.

我还未读完这本书。( 否定句

)

Have you finished reading the book yet?

你已经读完这本书了吗? (一般疑问句)

中考链接：

(1) (2018.河北)I_____ an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go.

A. receive

B. will receive

C. was receiving

D. have received

解析:我们可用“语境分析法”解答本题。结合下句句意“我迫不及待要去了”及选项可知，空格所在句表达的是“我收到了音乐会的邀请”，强调的是已经完成的动作，应用现在完成时，其谓语构成为: have/has +过去分词，故选D。答案:D

(2) (南宁中考)I have _____ finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago.

A. yet

B. already

C. ever

D. never

解析:我们可用“用法辨析法”解答本题。yet意为“已经”，用于否定句或疑问句句末;already意为“已经”，用于肯定句;ever意为“曾经”;never意为“从不”由关键信息“I finished it an hour ago.(我一小时前完成的)”可排除C、D两项;本句句式为肯定句，应用already,故选B。答案:B

语法专练：

1.--The storybook is very interesting.

--I agree with you. I______it twice already.

A. read

B. will read

C. am reading

D. have read

2. --Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair?

--Because I______all my money on an MP5.

A. spend

B. have spent

C. am spending

D. was spending

3. Wow! Mum______dinner! Let’s eat now.

A.cook

B. are cooking

C. has cooked

D.have cooked

4.-______you____your homework yet?

-Yes,I finished it a moment ago.

A.Did ；finish

B. Do ;finish

C.Have ；finished

D.Will;finish

5. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they___what's happened to him.