英国历史 ANGLO-SAXON WEB-LINKS
英国历史简介幻灯片
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland---UK
国旗
为“米”字旗，由深蓝底色 和红、白色“米”字组成。 旗中带白边的红色正十字代 表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白 色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护 神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字 代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里 克。此旗产生于１８０１年， 是由原英格兰的白地红色正 十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交 叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红 色交叉十字旗重叠而成。
巨石阵
又称索尔兹伯里石环、环状列石、太阳神庙、史前石 桌、斯通亨治石栏、斯托肯立石圈等名，是欧洲著名的 史前时代文化神庙遗址，位于英格兰威尔特郡索尔兹伯 里平原，约建于公元前4000～2000年（2008年3月至 4月，英国考古学家研究发现，巨石阵的准确建造年代 距今已经有4300年，即建于公元前2300年左右）
History
Early Settlement (---55 BC) 1.The first known settlers of Britain were
the Iberians，dark-haired Mediterranean race.人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比例亚人。 More dramatic monuments were the henges, the most important of which was Stonehenge in Wiltshire. 更为引人注目的是那些圆形石结构，其中最重要 的是在维尔特郡发现的巨石阵。
Angle-land----England
In 597, pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. Augustine was remarkably successfully in converting the king and the nobility. 597年，教皇格里高利派遣圣奥古斯廷去英格兰， 使异教徒的英国人皈依基督教。在使国王和贵族 皈依基督教方面，圣奥古斯廷特别成功。
关于英国历史的作文英语80词左右
关于英国历史的作文英语80词左右全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Britain has a long and rich history, stretching back thousands of years. From the ancient Celts and Romans to theAnglo-Saxons and Normans, the country has been shaped by numerous civilizations and cultures.One of the most significant periods in British history was the Roman occupation from AD 43 to AD 410. During this time, the Romans built roads, walls, and other infrastructure that would have a lasting impact on the country. The Romans also introduced Christianity to Britain, which would become a major religion in the country.After the Romans left, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the 5th century and established several kingdoms in what is now England. These kingdoms eventually came together to form the Kingdom of England in the 10th century. The Anglo-Saxons also brought with them their language, Old English, which would evolve into the English language we speak today.In 1066, the Normans invaded England under the leadership of William the Conqueror. This invasion led to the Battle of Hastings, where William defeated the Anglo-Saxon king Harold II and became the first Norman king of England. The Normans brought with them a feudal system, castles, and the Norman French language, which would have a lasting impact on English society.Over the centuries, Britain would see many other significant events, such as the Black Death in the 14th century, the English Civil War in the 17th century, and the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. These events would shape the country into the modern nation it is today.In conclusion, Britain's history is a tapestry of different civilizations, cultures, and events that have shaped the country into what it is today. From the Romans to the Normans to the Industrial Revolution, each period has left its mark on the country, making it a fascinating place to study and explore.篇2The history of Britain is a long and fascinating one, spanning thousands of years from ancient times to the present day. From the Roman invasion in AD 43 to the Norman Conquest in 1066,from the Tudor period to the Industrial Revolution, Britain has seen dramatic changes and developments that have shaped the country we know today.One of the key events in British history was the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215, which laid the foundations for the rule of law and individual rights. The English Civil War in the 17th century was another pivotal moment, leading to the execution of King Charles I and the establishment of a republic under Oliver Cromwell.The 18th and 19th centuries saw the growth of the British Empire, with Britain becoming the world's dominant power through its colonies and influence. The Industrial Revolution transformed the country, leading to rapid urbanization and social change.In the 20th century, Britain faced challenges such as two world wars and the decline of the Empire. The post-war period saw the creation of the welfare state and the rebuilding of the country after the devastation of the Second World War.Today, Britain is a diverse and multicultural society, shaped by its rich history and heritage. From Stonehenge to Buckingham Palace, from Shakespeare to the Beatles, Britain's history is evident in its landmarks, culture, and traditions. It is a history thatcontinues to be studied, debated, and celebrated by people around the world.篇3The history of Britain is a tale of conquest, exploration, and cultural exchange. From the invasion of the Romans to the Norman Conquest, from the Elizabethan Age to the Industrial Revolution, the story of Britain is one of transformation and resilience.One of the key moments in British history was the Roman invasion in 43 AD. This marked the beginning of Roman rule in Britain, which lasted for nearly 400 years. The Romans built roads, forts, and baths, leaving a lasting legacy on the British landscape.Another pivotal event was the Norman Conquest in 1066. William the Conqueror defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, establishing Norman rule in England. The Normans brought with them a feudal system, castles, and the Domesday Book, which recorded the land and property of England.The Elizabethan Age, under Queen Elizabeth I, was a time of cultural flourishing and exploration. The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 and the voyages of explorers like Sir FrancisDrake and Sir Walter Raleigh marked Britain's emergence as a global power.The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries transformed Britain into the world's first industrialized nation. The invention of the steam engine, the growth of factories, and the expansion of railways revolutionized the economy and society.Today, Britain's history is reflected in its institutions, traditions, and cultural heritage. The monarchy, Parliament, and the legal system all have roots in Britain's past. From Stonehenge to Buckingham Palace, from Shakespeare to the Beatles, the landmarks and icons of British history continue to shape the nation's identity.。
英国文学 anglo-saxon period
Alliteration
use of the same consonant or vowel at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse
Of men was the mildest and most beloved To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise
Part one
Early and Medieval Period Anglo-Saxon (epic) Anglo-Norman (romance) 14th century (Chaucer) 15th century (popular ballads)
•
日耳曼人（Germani或Germans）亦称条顿诸民族 (Teutonic Peoples). 日耳曼人是一些语言、文化和习俗相 近的民族的总称。这些民族从前2千年到约4世纪生活在欧 洲北部和中部，即波罗的海沿岸和斯堪的纳维亚地区。日 耳曼人不称自己为日耳曼人。在他们的漫长历史中他们可 能也没有将自己看作是同一个民族。民族大迁徙后从日耳 曼人中演化出斯堪的纳维亚民族、英格兰人、弗里斯兰人 和德国人，后来这些人又演化出荷兰人、瑞士的德意志人、 加拿大、美国、澳大利亚和南非的许多白人。在奥地利也 有许多日耳曼人后裔。许多这些新的民族今天都是与其它 民族混合而成的。
Historical periods
• • • • • • • Early and medieval period (5th ---15th ) The 16th century The 17th century The 18th century The romantic period The victorian age The 20th century
British History I 英国历史
The Norman Conquest(1066)
• He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Roman followers. • He established a strong Norman government. • Feudal system was established in England.
Julius Caesar ['dʒu:ljəs ‘si:zə]
Roman Britain
• Roman Army, commanded by Julius Caesar, invade England in 55BC. The invasion marked the beginning of the English Recorded history.
The Roman Army
• The Roman Army built two great walls (the Hadrian’s Wall & the Antonine Wall) to prevent the Picts in Scotland.
Roman Civilization
• Built up baths, temples, amphitheatres, villas and buildings, • Established network of towns(-ster, -cester, shire), roads and organized government system; • mined iron, lead, tin and manufactured pottery. • Brought new religion---Christianity • Treated the Britons as slaves and there was no intermarriage.
British_History 1 英语国家概况 英国历史相关
Stonehenge
It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. The Iberians began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each
• In the ninth century they conquered and settled the extreme north and west of Scotland, and also some coastal regions of Ireland.
• Their conquest of England was halted when they were defeated by King Alfred of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex. This resulted in an agreement in 878 which divided England between Wessex in the south and west, and the “Danelaw” in the north and east.
Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy (七国时代)
• The seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy, having occupied the lowland zones. – Jutes invasion: In 449, the Jutish chief became the king of Kent; – Anglo-Saxon Conquest: • Saxon : Essex, Sussex, Wessex; • Angles: East Anglia, Northumbria, Mercia ;
一篇关于英国历史的英语作文80词
一篇关于英国历史的英语作文80词全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Once upon a time, there was a country called England. England is a really old country with a lot of history. Let me tell you all about it!First of all, England has a really long history. It all started way back in the Stone Age when cavemen were living there. They built Stonehenge, which is a big circle of stones that nobody really knows the purpose of.Then, the Romans came to England. They built cool things like Hadrian's Wall and brought new ideas like baths and roads. But then the Roman Empire fell apart and the Anglo-Saxons took over. They were warriors who liked to fight a lot.After that, the Vikings invaded England. They were fierce warriors who sailed across the sea in big ships. But eventually, they settled down and became part of the country.In 1066, a big battle called the Battle of Hastings took place. The Normans, led by William the Conqueror, defeated theAnglo-Saxons and William became the king of England. This was a really important event in English history.Over the years, England became a powerful kingdom. It had kings and queens like Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I who did a lot of important things. They built beautiful castles, explored new lands, and fought wars with other countries.England also went through a lot of changes. The Industrial Revolution started in England and changed the way people lived and worked. Factories were built, cities grew bigger, and new inventions were made.In the 20th century, England went through two world wars. It was a difficult time, but the people of England were strong and brave. They worked together to rebuild their country and make it better than ever.Today, England is a modern country with a rich history. It's known for its famous landmarks like Big Ben and the Tower of London, its delicious food like fish and chips, and its traditions like tea time.I love learning about the history of England. It's so interesting to see how the country has changed over the years. I can't wait to learn even more about it!篇2Hello everyone! Today I'm going to tell you all about the history of England. England has a really long history, with lots of kings and queens ruling over the country.In the olden days, there were lots of battles between different kingdoms in England. One of the most famous battles was the Battle of Hastings in 1066. This battle was fought between King Harold II of England and William the Conqueror, who was from Normandy in France. William won the battle and became the first Norman king of England.After that, there were lots of different kings and queens who ruled England. Some of them were really famous, like King Henry VIII who had six wives, and Queen Elizabeth I who defeated the Spanish Armada.In the 17th century, there was a big civil war in England between the Royalists who supported the king, and the Parliamentarians who wanted more power. In the end, the Parliamentarians won and King Charles I was executed.In the 18th and 19th centuries, England became a really powerful country. The British Empire spanned the globe, with colonies all over the world. England was at the forefront of theIndustrial Revolution, with lots of inventions and new technologies.In the 20th century, England was involved in two World Wars. After the wars, the British Empire started to break up and many countries gained their independence.Today, England is part of the United Kingdom along with Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It has a rich history and a lot of famous landmarks like Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, and Stonehenge. England may be a small country, but it has a big place in history!篇3Once upon a time, there was a country called England. England is a super cool country with a long, long history. Let me tell you all about it!First of all, England used to have kings and queens ruling the country. They lived in big, fancy castles and wore fancy clothes. One of the most famous kings was King Henry VIII. He had six wives and he even chopped off some of their heads! Crazy, right?Then there was Queen Elizabeth I. She was a super powerful queen and she defeated the Spanish Armada. She also liked to wear lots of fancy dresses and jewelry. Go, Queen Elizabeth!England also had a famous battle called the Battle of Hastings. It was between the Normans and the Saxons. The Normans, led by William the Conqueror, won the battle and became kings of England. That's how the Norman Conquest happened!In the 1600s, there was a big civil war in England. It was between the King and Parliament. The Parliament won and they chopped off the King's head! Poor King Charles I.England also had a really cool scientist named Isaac Newton. He discovered gravity when an apple fell on his head. How cool is that?And let's not forget about the British Empire. It was the biggest empire in the world and England had colonies all over the globe. They ruled countries like India, Canada, and Australia. But eventually, those countries gained their independence.Today, England is a modern country with a cool queen called Queen Elizabeth II. The history of England is super interestingand has shaped the country into what it is today. I love learning about all the cool stories from England's past!篇4Once upon a time, there was a country called England. England is a small country in Europe with a long and interesting history.Long, long ago, before there were cars or planes or even smartphones, England was ruled by kings and queens. The most famous of all the kings and queens was Queen Elizabeth I. She ruled England for a long time and was known as the Virgin Queen because she never got married. Queen Elizabeth I was a very powerful and wise ruler who made England a strong and prosperous country.But not all the kings and queens of England were good. Some were very mean and greedy, like King Henry VIII. He had six wives and he even had two of them executed! King Henry VIII was also the king who started the Church of England because he wanted to get a divorce from his first wife.In the 17th century, England had a civil war between the supporters of the king and the supporters of Parliament. The king was eventually defeated and executed. This was a veryimportant event in English history because it marked the end of absolute monarchy in England.In the 18th and 19th centuries, England became a powerful empire with colonies all over the world. The Industrial Revolution began in England, leading to great advances in technology and industry. England became the "workshop of the world" and its factories produced goods that were shipped all over the globe.In the 20th century, England fought in two World Wars and emerged as a victor. The British Empire began to decline and many of its colonies gained independence. Today, England is a modern and multicultural country with a rich history that is still remembered and celebrated. And that, my friends, is the story of England.篇5Once upon a time, there was a country called England. It is a very old country with a long history. Let me tell you all about it!England is a small island in the north-west of Europe. It has a lot of green fields, beautiful castles, and even a big clock called Big Ben in its capital city, London. But do you know how England became the way it is today?A long time ago, England was ruled by kings and queens. One of the most famous kings was King Henry VIII. He had six wives, can you believe it? And he even started his own church, the Church of England, just so he could divorce his first wife!But there were also times of great sadness in England's history. The Black Death was a terrible disease that killed many people in the Middle Ages. And there was a big fire in London in 1666 that destroyed a lot of the city.In the 18th and 19th centuries, England became very powerful. It had a big empire that stretched all over the world. The Industrial Revolution started in England, bringing new inventions like the steam engine and changing the way people lived and worked.In the 20th century, England went through two world wars. Many brave soldiers fought to protect their country and its freedom. And today, England is a modern and diverse country with people from all over the world living there.So that's the story of England, a country with a rich and fascinating history. I hope you enjoyed learning all about it!篇6Hey guys, today I want to tell you all about the history of England! It's super cool and full of kings, queens, battles, and even some dragons (just kidding about the dragons, but that would be awesome, right?).So, England has been around for like, forever. The Romans invaded and built a lot of stuff, like Hadrian's Wall, which was to keep out those pesky Northern invaders. Then, the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings showed up and fought over who would be in charge.But then, in 1066, everything changed! William the Conqueror, from France, invaded England and became the first Norman king. He built castles all over the place and made sure everyone knew he was in charge. And that's how the Norman kings ruled for a long time.Then, in the 1500s, King Henry VIII showed up and had a bunch of wives (like, seriously, six wives!). He wanted a son to be king, so he kept getting married and divorced until he finally got one (poor wives).After that, England had some big battles with France (the Hundred Years' War), and then the English Civil War where they chopped off the king's head (yikes!). But eventually, thingssettled down and England became a powerful empire with colonies all over the world.And now, England is known for fish and chips, Big Ben, the Queen, and of course, Harry Potter! So cool, right? England's history is amazing and full of drama, just like a movie. I can't wait to learn more about it!篇7Once upon a time, there was a country called England. England is a really old country with a lot of history. Let me tell you all about it!A long time ago, in the year 1066, there was a big battle called the Battle of Hastings. It was between two kings, King Harold and Duke William. Duke William won the battle and became King of England. He was also known as William the Conqueror. After that, England had a new king and a new royal family called the Normans.In the 14th century, there was a terrible disease called the Black Death. It was a really scary disease that spread quickly and killed a lot of people. It was a difficult time for England, but they managed to recover and become stronger.In the 16th century, there was a queen called Queen Elizabeth I. She was a powerful queen who ruled England for a long time. She defeated the Spanish Armada and made England a strong and powerful country.In the 17th century, there was a civil war in England between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. The Parliamentarians won and King Charles I was executed. This was a difficult time for England, but they eventually became a constitutional monarchy with a king or queen as the head of state.In the 19th century, England became a powerful empire with colonies all around the world. They were known as the British Empire and they had a lot of influence in world affairs.In the 20th century, England was involved in two World Wars. They fought bravely and helped to defeat the enemies. After the wars, England went through a lot of changes and became a modern country with a strong economy and a diverse society.So, that's a brief history of England. It's a country with a lot of stories and adventures. I hope you enjoyed learning about it!篇8Hi everyone! Today I want to talk to you about the history of England. England is a country in Europe and it has a really long and cool history.So, a long time ago, England was ruled by kings and queens. One of the most famous kings was King Henry VIII. He had six wives and he started the Church of England because he wanted to get a divorce from his first wife. He was a bit of a crazy king, but he did some cool things too.Then, there was Queen Elizabeth I. She was a really powerful queen and she defeated the Spanish Armada. She was called the Virgin Queen because she never got married. She was a smart queen and she did a lot of good things for England.After that, England had a civil war between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads. The Roundheads were led by Oliver Cromwell and they won the war. Cromwell became the leader of England, but he was a bit of a dictator. After he died, the monarchy was restored and King Charles II became king.In the 19th century, England became really powerful and had an empire that stretched all over the world. They had colonies in India, Africa, and Australia. Queen Victoria was the queen at that time and she ruled for a really long time.In the 20th century, England was involved in two world wars. They fought with the Allies in World War I and World War II. After the wars, England became a lot more modern and they have a lot of cool things like the Beatles and Harry Potter.So, that's a brief history of England. It's a really interesting country with a lot of cool stories. I hope you learned something new today!篇9Hey guys, do you want to know about the history of England? Let me tell you all about it!England has a super long history that goes way back to ancient times. It all started with the Celts, who lived in England over 2,000 years ago. Then came the Romans, with Julius Caesar leading the charge in 55 BC. The Romans built roads, walls, and even the city of Londinium (which is now London!).After the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in England from Germany in the 5th century. They brought their own language and culture, and eventually united the different kingdoms into one country. Then came the Vikings – fierce warriors from Scandinavia who invaded England in the 8th century.In 1066, things got really interesting when William the Conqueror, a Norman duke from France, invaded England and became the first Norman king. This event forever changed the course of English history and introduced feudalism to the country.Fast forward to the Tudor era, with famous monarchs like Henry VIII and Elizabeth I ruling England. The Tudors were followed by the Stuarts, who had some pretty crazy stories of their own (like the English Civil War!).And of course, we can't forget about the Industrial Revolution, which transformed England into a major world power. The British Empire expanded across the globe, bringing wealth and influence to the country.Today, England is a modern nation with a rich history that is still celebrated and remembered. So next time you visit England, remember to check out some of its famous historical sites – you won't be disappointed!篇10Hello everyone! Today I'm going to tell you all about the history of England. England is a really cool place with a lot of interesting stories from the past.A long time ago, England was ruled by kings and queens. One of the most famous kings was King Henry VIII. He had lots of wives and even started his own church just so he could get a divorce! Can you believe that?Another important event in English history is the English Civil War. It was a big fight between the king and Parliament over who should have more power. In the end, the king lost his head! Literally, they cut it off!England also had a really big empire. They had colonies all over the world, including India and America. The British Empire was really powerful and had a lot of influence on other countries.One of the most famous English people is William Shakespeare. He was a playwright and wrote lots of famous plays like Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. He was like the Beyonce of his time!In more recent history, England was involved in both World Wars. They fought against Germany and helped to defeat the bad guys. England is a really important country in the world and has a lot of history to learn about.I hope you enjoyed learning a bit about England's history. It's really interesting and there are so many cool stories to discover. Thanks for reading!。
英国文学史 Part One Chapter1 Anglo-Saxon Poetry
The Roman Conquest
Britons, trodden down as slaves or cultivators of the land Buildings of Roman style for Roman conquerors Highways or Roman roads for military purposes Towns built, as London
after the settlement organs of state kingship (君王统治) the military commander
chief’s bread; the booty The Anglo-Saxon period (战利品) witnessed a transition power of life and death; from tribal society to feudalism. close relationship
Huts of Anglo-Saxon Tribe
• The Danish Invasion : Danish Vikings
刘 P5. para. 3
The Danish Invasion
787 A.D.
Danish vikings (plundering settlement)
King Alfred the Great (阿尔弗雷德大帝 849-901):
The Old English Literature
The English Medieval Ages
李P2. para.1
(the end of the 7th C.the end of the 15th C.)
more than 800 years
英国早期的历史背景
英国早期人文历史常识（一）英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。
地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。
大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。
政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。
我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。
联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。
大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。
因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。
不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。
二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附属国组成的联合体。
英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。
（二）英国地势西北高、东南低。
其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。
英国历史英语作文
英国历史英语作文Title: The Evolution of British Society Through History。
Throughout history, the United Kingdom has undergone significant transformations, shaping its society, culture, and political landscape. From its early origins to the present day, various factors have influenced these changes, leaving a profound impact on the nation and its people.The story of Britain's history begins with its ancient inhabitants, including the Celts and the Romans. The Roman invasion in AD 43 introduced new technologies, governance systems, and cultural practices to the region. The subsequent departure of the Romans in the 5th century marked the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon period, characterized by the establishment of kingdoms and the spread of Christianity.The Viking invasions of the 8th and 9th centuries brought further upheaval, leading to the integration ofScandinavian influences into British society. However, it was the Norman Conquest of 1066 that had the most significant impact on England. William the Conqueror's victory at the Battle of Hastings resulted in the establishment of Norman rule, leading to profound changes in governance, landownership, and the English language.The medieval period saw the rise of feudalism, the construction of magnificent cathedrals, and the emergence of Parliament as a political institution. The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 marked a crucial step towards constitutional governance, laying the foundations for the rule of law and individual rights.The Tudor dynasty, which began with Henry VII in 1485, witnessed the English Reformation, the expansion of overseas exploration, and the consolidation of royal power. The reign of Elizabeth I is often regarded as a golden age, marked by cultural flourishing and maritime supremacy.The 17th century was a time of political turmoil, culminating in the English Civil War and the execution ofKing Charles I. The subsequent establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell's leadership represented a brief experiment in republican government before the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries brought about profound social and economic changes. Urbanization, technological innovation, and the growth of industry transformed Britain into the world'sfirst industrialized nation. However, these developments also led to widespread poverty, exploitation, and social unrest, prompting calls for reform and the expansion of democratic rights.The Victorian era, named after Queen Victoria, was characterized by moral strictures, imperial expansion, and social reform. The abolition of slavery, the extension of voting rights, and improvements in public health and education marked significant progress during this period.The 20th century witnessed two world wars that fundamentally altered Britain's place in the world. Thedevastation of World War I and the economic turmoil of the interwar years were followed by the even greater cataclysmof World War II. The experience of total war, coupled with the decline of the British Empire, hastened the process of decolonization and the emergence of a more diverse and multicultural society.In the post-war period, Britain grappled with the challenges of rebuilding its economy, constructing awelfare state, and managing its relationship with Europe. The decline of traditional industries, the rise of service-based economies, and the impact of globalization have continued to shape British society in the 21st century.Today, the United Kingdom is a diverse andmulticultural nation, shaped by its rich history andongoing processes of social, economic, and political change. From its ancient origins to its modern complexities,Britain's history reflects a continuous evolution of ideas, institutions, and identities, contributing to its status as a global leader in culture, commerce, and diplomacy.。
英语作文英国历史
英语作文英国历史The history of Britain is a rich and fascinating tapestry that spans centuries of remarkable events, cultural influences, and the shaping of a nation. From its ancient roots to its modern-day global impact, the story of Britain is one that captivates and enlighthralls those who delve into its depths.The earliest recorded history of Britain can be traced back to the Roman conquest of the island in the 1st century AD. Prior to this, the region was inhabited by various Celtic tribes, each with their own distinct customs, languages, and social structures. The arrival of the Romans marked a significant turning point, as they brought with them a highly advanced civilization, complete with sophisticated infrastructure, governance, and cultural traditions.Under Roman rule, Britain underwent a remarkable transformation. The construction of roads, cities, and fortifications laid the foundation for a thriving economy and the integration of the island into the larger Roman Empire. The introduction of Christianity and the adoption of Latin as the primary language further solidified theRoman influence on the region.As the Roman Empire began to decline in the 4th and 5th centuries, Britain faced a period of upheaval and instability. The withdrawal of Roman legions left the island vulnerable to attacks from various external forces, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who gradually established their own kingdoms and settlements.The Anglo-Saxon era, which spanned from the 5th to the 11th century, was a time of significant cultural and political change. The various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, such as Wessex, Mercia, and Northumbria, vied for dominance, leading to a series of conflicts and the eventual unification of England under the rule of King Egbert of Wessex in the 9th century.The Norman Conquest of 1066 marked another pivotal moment in British history. The victory of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings led to the establishment of a new ruling dynasty and the introduction of Norman culture and institutions. This period saw the construction of grand castles, the development of a feudal system, and the increased centralization of power under the monarchy.The High Middle Ages in Britain were characterized by a flourishing of art, architecture, and intellectual thought. The construction of magnificent cathedrals, such as Canterbury and York, as well as theestablishment of prestigious universities like Oxford and Cambridge, attested to the cultural and educational advancements of the time.The late Middle Ages, however, were marked by significant challenges, including the devastating impact of the Black Death pandemic, the Peasants' Revolt, and the Wars of the Roses, a dynastic conflict that ultimately led to the rise of the Tudor dynasty.The Tudor era, spanning from the 15th to the 17th century, is often considered one of the most iconic and transformative periods in British history. Under the rule of monarchs such as Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, Britain experienced a cultural renaissance, a religious Reformation, and the beginnings of its global expansion through maritime exploration and colonization.The Stuart dynasty, which followed the Tudors, witnessed the English Civil War, the execution of King Charles I, and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. This turbulent period was succeeded by the Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II and the subsequent Glorious Revolution, which cemented the power of Parliament and the constitutional monarchy.The 18th and 19th centuries saw Britain emerge as a global superpower, with the rise of the British Empire and the Industrial Revolution. The Victorian era, in particular, was marked byremarkable technological advancements, social reforms, and the expansion of the British colonial holdings across the world.The 20th century brought about significant challenges and transformations for Britain. The two World Wars, the decline of the British Empire, and the transition to a post-colonial era all shaped the country's role on the global stage. Despite these challenges, Britain has remained a leading force in politics, economics, and cultural influence, contributing significantly to the shaping of the modern world.Today, Britain stands as a vibrant and diverse nation, with a rich tapestry of history that continues to captivate and inspire people around the globe. From its ancient Celtic roots to its modern-day status as a global leader, the history of Britain is a testament to the resilience, ingenuity, and enduring spirit of its people.。
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Anglo-Saxon Past-times Anglo-Saxon Games
9 Men Morris
(play online)
Anglo-Saxon Technology and pottery images
Anglo-Saxon homes, how and where they lived
The Saxons Arrive! Maps
(super source of maps throughout the timeframe)
Did they really arrive in AD449
When did the Anglo-Saxons arrive?
In fact they arrived much earlier. The late Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus records the Saxones among the barbarians (along with Picts and Scots) who were harrassing the Britons in about AD 365, and the mid-fifth-century Gallic Chronicle mentions another severe raid in 410, and the fall of Britain to the Saxons "after many troubles" in 441. The date "449" comes at the end of a long history of confusion. More…
Work and Leisure
Because of the importance of farming in the Anglo-Saxon economy, a high proportion of occupations were to do with agriculture and animal husbandry. Male slaves in particular often worked as farm labourers. Skilled artisans were also needed, and the high quality of surviving metalwork, art and sculpture testifies to the level of Metalwork craftsmanship that could be attained. Fine embroidery was carried images out by ladies, the most famous example being the Bayeux Tapestry depicting the events leading up to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. More… Anglo-Saxon Glass
Anglo-Saxons
Timeline
detailed with links to specific dates
Timeline
on this day (events)
Biographies
(loads of links)
Timeline
(extremely detailed)
Sutton Hoo Room
(interactive site)
Virtual Gallery Household items etc. More Photos More Images
How they lived (bbc)
Anglo-Saxon Burghs (Towns)… Alfred began a policy encouraging the formation of fortified towns, or burghs, throughout his lands, such that no place in Wessex was more than 20 miles from a town. More … Where did the AngloSaxons live? Saxon Burghs
Sutton
West Stow re-enactment
(great information & pictures about AngloSaxon life)
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
(Teacher resource all words!)
Brief Introduction to Anglo-Saxons
(child friendly page)
What did the Saxons eat and drink?
Anglo-Saxon demonstration farm Farming
British & Saxon Minstrels What we know about AngloSaxon Games Hnefatafl Saxon Board Game
(online)
The vast majority of complete vessels come from early AngloSaxon. More recent excavations of contemporary settlements have revealed fragments of similar vessels types, indicating there are few, if any, differences between domestic glass and those ritually deposited in graves. More…
Life expectancy
Did you know… The ancient Anglo-Saxons celebrated the return of spring with a carnival commemorating their goddess of offspring and of springtime, Eostre. The word carnival possibly originated from the Latin ‘carne vale' meaning "flesh, farewell" or "meat, farewell." The offerings were rabbits and coloured eggs, bidding an end to winter.
What Saxons looked like
The People
Women and Children… Anglo-Saxon women appear to have enjoyed considerable independence, whether as abbesses of the great ‘double monasteries’ of monks and nuns founded during the seventh and eighth centuries, as major land-holders recorded in Domesday Book (1086), or as ordinary members of society. More…
The Anglo-Saxons generally lived and worketch roofed buildings which clustered around a larger, social hall. Each family group might have 5 or 6 smaller buildings around a larger hall. Explore an Anglo-Saxon Village
Virtual Gallery showing various skills making jewellery etc.
Leisure When they weren't fighting (one wonders when that was) the favourite pastimes of the Dark Ages were dice and board games such as chess. More..
Early Anglo-Saxon Period Settlement. We know very little of the first several hundred years of the AngloSaxon, or "English", era, primarily because the invaders were an illiterate people. Our earliest records of them are little more than highly inventive lists of rulers. More…
Anglo-Saxon Literature Sutton Hoo Treasures
People
(list format places etc)
Hermits
Being a Child in Saxon Times
Social class The main division in Anglo-Saxon society was between slave and free. Both groups were hierarchically structured, with several classes of freemen and many types of slaves. More…