新世纪大学英语1--Unit 7课文详解
2. Experts tend to resort to the term “generation gap” to explain the conflicts between parents and children. Can this term be applied to the cases mentioned above? Though there might be room for hesitation in the adoption of it when “generation” is taken into account, it is far from wrong to borrow the rest in making an analysis. There are bound to be differences, or gaps, in the opinions of two people that give rise to conflicts, and ways to reduce them are by no means easy to be sought, but it is equally true to say that there is bound to be a solution to every problem. Part of the solution to human conflicts is to avoid misunderstanding. 每当父母和孩子之间发生冲突的时候，专家们往 往会用“代沟”这一术语来解释。那么这个术语能否用于上面提到 的情况呢？当然，如果细究“代”的本义，那么这算不上特别贴切， 但是大可借用该术语的其他涵义来分析问题。两个人的观点之所以 会引起纷争，肯定因为存在分歧，而要设法减少分歧又谈何容易！ 但是我们也同样可以说，每个问题肯定都会有办法解决。人际冲突 的部分解决办法是避免误解。
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
4. People may wonder why their listening ability is undesirable when their hearing ability is physically sound. This is a basic mistake we often make. Very often hearing is confused with listening, as they are so closely related. Believing that hearing is a physiological function, which comes to us naturally, we take it for granted that listening does not require much effort. Experts in the field of communications are quick to attack this belief. In their view, listening requires hard work and energy. When people are listening, they have quicker heartbeats and faster blood circulation. Good listening, they think, is not as simple as it might seem. 人们也许会问，为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意 呢？这就是我们常犯的错误：因为听觉能力和聆听能力的关系如此 紧密，我们经常把两者混淆。我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能， 是与生俱来的，所以我们想当然地以为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。 对于这种观点，交流领域的专家会毫不犹豫地加于指正。在他们看 来，聆听既费神又费力。人们聆听时心跳加速，血液循环也会加快。 专家认为，认真的聆听并不是我们想象的那么简单。
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
Unit 7
Relationships and Communication
Text A How Well Can We Listen?
Text B What We Can Do to Improve Human Relationships
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Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
How Well Can We Listen? Kathleen T. McWhorter
1. It is not uncommon to hear people complaining that no one listens to them and no one understands them. Such complaints come not only from kids but also from adults. How often is this a vital cause in the failure of personal relationships? How often does it contribute to broken homes? How often do we hear of a married couple who fail to have communication, or of children who feel deserted? It seems something must have gone wrong. 我们时常听到人们抱怨说没有人聆听他们，没有人能理解他们 。这样的抱怨不仅出自孩童之口，也出自成人之口。人际关系不 和谐，这不往往是个重要原因吗？家庭破裂，不也往往拜其所赐 吗？我们不也还常常听说夫妻之间无法交流，孩子感觉被遗弃吗 ？看来这其中一定出了什么问题。
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
Do you think that interpersonal skills are very important at school and at work? Please share us your opinions.
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
3.Misunderstanding often arises from a lack of communication. Curiously enough, in a modern society where not a few advanced technological means of communication such as the mobile phone and pager have been developed, people are still confronted with this problem. Investigations show that technological inventions do help facilitate human communication. They also show that while there are more opportunities for personal contact, especially through verbal communication, many people still find their listeners do not listen to them. Clearly, something is wrong with their listening ability. 误解常常源于缺乏交流。令人纳闷的是，在现代社会，虽然发明了 不少先进的通讯工具，如移动电话和传呼机，但是人们仍然面临这 样的问题。研究表明，科技发明确实有助于人与人之间的交流。研 究也同样发现，虽然人与人之间接触的机会增加了，特别是言语交 流的机会增加了，许多人仍然发现没有人真正聆听他们说话。很显 然，人们的聆听能力出了问题。
Unit ion
5. To become a good listener begins with concentration. That looks easy on the surface. In too many cases, we have to listen to other people with physical and mental distractions around us. The ring of the telephone, the slam of a door or other human voices are some of the common physical distractions. The mental distractions in one’s own mind, on the other hand, are much more difficult to overcome, for many reasons. A speaker may not be able to keep pace with the working of the listener’s mind. The average person’s rate of thinking is faster than the average rate of speech. With much free time left at their disposal, the listeners are likely to be carried away by their own thoughts and they soon lose their way. That is where the problem lies: listening too quickly.
新编大学英语第一册unit7textathesecretsofgoodhealth
The Secrets of Good Health1 Exercise. Eat right. Don't smoke. These are some of the most common words of advice to people who wish to stay healthy. But a growing amount of scientific research shows that there is another, equally important, aspect to staying well, peace of mind.2 Think about how your heart races while you are waiting to be called into the doctor's office or how unhappy a bad headache can make you. There is a two-way connection between mind and body. When one is bothered, the other feels it. At the heart of the communications network are brain chemicals called neurotransmitters which communicate messages not only within the brain, but also within the body. One key receptor, the immune system, is a network of cells and organs that work to fight off viruses and bacteria. When you experience joy, fear, or relaxation, the immune system may increase or decrease production of disease-fighting cells, thus helping you to fight off the flu, or even cancer.3 By now, how the immune system is affected by stress has been well documented. In one study involving newlywed couples, for example, those who showed hostile behavior during a 30-minute discussion about marriage problems had lower immune functioning for the 24-hour period following the experiment than people who showed less negative behavior. It is not just stress that can do damage. One researcher thought that if thesame cold virus was put under two different noses, the person who is depressed or anxious or pessimistic would be more likely to develop the cold.4 What is it about stress and related emotions that can encourage poor health? These feelings can cause the production of substances that damage or weaken our immune cells. Negative emotions can also cause our bodies to produce fewer immuno-transmitters which ultimately help fight off disease.5 If stress, depression, anger and other negative feelings can make you more likely to get sick, can the reverse be true? Will you have a stronger immune response and greater health if you are happier, less stressed, and more optimistic? Experts believe that the answer is yes. There are studies showing that by employing certain mind-body techniques that help reduce stress and improve outlook, cancer patients can live longer. But cancer patients aren't the only ones who can benefit. Certain mind-body techniques can help all of us. Research has found that when patients with chronic pain used relaxation therapies and other behavioral techniques to manage discomfort, they reduced their visits to the doctor by 36 percent. Relaxation produces better health through deep, rhythmic breathing, muscle loosening, and a slower heart rate. When some of the tension is taken out of the body, the strain is taken off the entire system. Relaxationdecreases blood pressure, heart rate and respiration and increases one's sense of well-being. That is important because a body that is constantly tense will eventually give out.7 There are dozens of mind-body techniques for you to choose from. The key is to find one you're comfortable with and then do it regularly. Simply writing about negative, unpleasant events may actually boost your immunity according to researchers. Scientists are not completely sure why it works, but they know that when individuals write, it helps them organize events, which in turn gives them more understanding of the situation. When you can give a stressful experience meaning through writing, you don't think about it or worry about it as much. And when you reduce stress, you boost immune functioning. How much you write or how long you write depends upon how much stress you feel about the event. One doctor suggests that people write until they are tired of writing and then read over what they have written. This helps make more sense of it. Also, just talking about a stressful experience with a friend can have the same positive effect.8 Study after study has shown that people with good support systems caring, helpful family, friends and co-workers have better health. Researchers think that the understanding we get from them reduces stress, which in turn helps the immune system. As one psychologist states,"When you have someone who loves you and cares about you to share your problems and feelings with, you don't feel you have to fight your problems, or the world, alone." Another interesting study has shown that the more diverse your social network, the better, that people who have a number of different social relationships have a lower risk of getting colds than those with fewer.9 There are other fast but effective mind-body relaxation techniques. One could be called "belly breathing." Sit in a comfortable chair in a quiet room. Close your eyes. Breathe through your nose, fill your lungs with air, then slowly release the breath through your mouth. Another technique could be called "mindfulness." Take a slow walk and be aware of exactly what is happening to you at each moment whether the wind is on your face, an insect is flying near you, or you hear birds singing. Even if you continue thinking about problems, you will become calmer and distance yourself from your problems. If you are at home, you might dance. Put on some fast music, close the door, and let yourself go. The dancing will energize you and that alone will make you feel better.10 Whichever mind-body techniques work best for you, never rely on them and them alone to keep you mentally and physically well. Like exercise, good nutrition and proper medical care, methods such asrelaxation therapies are only one part of the recipe for good health. Still, they are an important ingredient.。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程第1册Unit7AnimalIntelligence
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程第1册Unit7AnimalIntelligenceBefore Reading >> GorillaI. Introduction to GorillasListen to the following passage and fill in the gaps with the words you hear.It’s the largest of the great apes. The male is heavily built and may stand 1.7m (5.5 feet) in height, with an arm spread of 2.4m (7.8 feet). It has a large head with a short neck, a prominent (突起的) mouth, thin lips, and small ears. The female is smaller than the male. This huge animal has formidable (可怕的) canine (似犬的) teeth, yet it feeds on fruit and vegetables and has no natural enemies.Most of the day is spent on the ground; they usually walk on all four limps leaning on the knuckles (手指关节) of their hands, but occasionally upright. Gorillas live in family groups. The young gorillas climb very well, but old ones stay almost all the time on the ground. At night, the gorilla family sleeps on the ground in nests made of branches and leaves. Gorillas are hard to keep in captivity, for they are likely to get human diseases, such as tuberculosis (结核病). Gorillas, generally, are a center of attraction in most of the big cities.II. Features of GorillasHair and Skin:Gorillas are covered with brownish hair on most of their body (except their fingers, palms, armpits, and bottoms of their feet).Head:Gorillas have a very large head with a bulging forehead, and each has a unique nose print (like we have unique fingerprints).Gorillas have senses very similar to ours, including hearing, sight (they seem to be slightly nearsighted and have color vision), smell, taste, and touch.Habitat:Gorillas are primarily terrestrial (陆栖的) (although they lived in trees back in their evolutionary past). Gorillas live in tropical rain forests (in the forest edges and clearings), wet lowland forests, swamps, and abandoned fields.Before Reading >> Killer WhaleListen to a passage and answer the questions.1. How long and how heavy is a male killer whale?(The male averages 27 feet and 11 tons.)2. How fast dose a killer whale swim?(It swims with a speed of 30 mph.)3. How many members are there in a family group of killer whale?(There are about 5 to 20 members in a family group of killer whale.)Before Reading >> English Song –BenI. Michael JacksonA Brief Introduction:Michael Jackson is more than just an extraordinarily popular singer and a wonderfully gifted dancer: he is a phenomenon that has forever left an imprint on the music industry. Chronology of Michael Jackson:— 1958Michael Jackson was born.— 1965Michael joined his brothers in the Jackson Five.Michael released his first solo album, Ben.— 1982Michael’s landmark album Thriller was released.— 1994Michael married Lisa Marie Presley, daughter of rock innovator and cultural icon Elvis Presley. — 1996Michael and Lisa Marie were divorced in an amicable manner.— 1996Michael married Deborah Rowe, an assistant to his dermatologist (皮肤科医生).— 1997His first child, Prince Michael Jackson Jr., was born.— 1998His daughter, Paris Michael Katherine, was born.— 1999Michael and Deborah got divorced.— 2000“Billie Jean,” “Rock with You,” “I Want You Back” and “Beat It” were enlisted in Rolling Stone magazine’s list of the 100 greatest songs of all time.— 2002Jackson lifted his newborn son, Prince Michael, over a hotel room terrace so fans could catch a glimpse — and was roundly criticized for endangering his child.— 2003Jackson was charged with seven counts of child sexual abuse and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent.— 2005Jackson was acquitted on all counts in the Arvizo case in thethe People v. Jackson trial in Santa Maria, California.— 2006Jackson made his first public appearance since the Arvizo trial to accept eight records from the Guinness World Records in London.— 2008Jackson issued Thriller 25, celebrating 25 years of the iconic album. The reissue reached number two in the U.S. Sony releases King of Pop, a fan-curated compilation.— June 25, 2009:Jackson died in Los Angeles at 50 after going into cardiac arrest.II. Ben(视频略)III. Questions about the Song1. What’s the relationship between Michael Jackson and Ben?2. Does Ben have any intelligence?Before Reading >> Warm-up Questions1. Do you or your family or friends have a pet, such as a dog, cat, or bird? If so, how does the pet communicate with you or them? Does the pet understand you or them?2. Do you think animals, especially very intelligent ones, have thoughts and feelings? Explain. Before Reading >> Animal RankingStudents are required to form groups to rank the following animals according to their intelligence and explain the reasons behind the ranking. Examples, anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc. may be cited.Global Reading >> Part Division of the TextGlobal Reading >> Skimming and ScanningFill in the blanks with the information about the animals mentioned in Text A and figure out the author’s purposes.1.Colo: Broke the key chain.Author’s purpose: Animals know how to negotiate with people.2.Chantek: 1) Expanded the money supply by breaking plastic chips in two; 2) Found pieces of tin foil and tried to make copies of metal chips.Author’s purpose: Aminals can even handle the money.3.Orky: Allowed somebody to stand on his head to reach up and release the baby.Author’s purpose: Animals can assess the situation and make a right decision.4.Melati: Hid an orange in her other hand.5.Towan: Hid an orange underneath his foot.Author’s purpose: Animal intelligence can be seen in their attempts to deceive.Global Reading >> Further UnderstandingI. For Part 1 & 2 Multiple Choice1. The author writes this article in order to _______. (A)A) find out how animals use their intelligenceB) find out if animals are as intelligent as human beingsC) find out if animals do what human beings tell them to doD) find out if animals can survive better if they are intelligent2. One thing that is obvious to the author is that _______. (C)A) animals have their own thinkingB) animals do things scientists tell them to doC) animals think for their own purpose if they can thinkD) animals think when scientists want them to3. The author is convinced that when dealing with human beings, animals are _________. (B)A) less intelligent than expected B) more intelligent than expectedC) as stupid as expected D) as intelligent as expected4. Colo’s example indicates that ________. (D)A) some animals know quite well how to deceive the keepersB) some animals know quite well how to help the keepersC) some animals know quite well how to handle suspicious objectsD) some animals know quite well how to negotiate with the keepers5. Mile’s experiment to teach Chantek to share things proves to be __________. (A)A) a great success B) a blunder C) a great failure D) an unwanted thingII. For Part 3 & 4 True or False1. Behaviorists say that animals cooperate with human beings for their own benefit. (T)2. Laule believed that Orky, a killer whale, was the most intelligent animal she had ever seen. (F) (Laule believed that Orky, a killer whale, was the most intelligent animal she had ever worked with.)3. Some animals’ intelligence can be seen in their attempts to deceive. (T)4. Orky allowed somebody to stand on his head to reach up and release the baby because he had been trained to do so. (F) (Orky let somebody stand on his head to reach up and release the baby, but he had not been trained to do so.)5. Animals can learn from each other in playing some tricks. Towan is a good example. (T)Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.the kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet — humans. (Para. 2)1) What do you learn from this sentence?(Animals have the abilities to deal with human beings’ captivity though human beings are more intelligent than them.)2) Paraphrase the sentence.(Animal show great intelligence when they deal with human beings’ captivity even though human beings control and dominate this planet.)3) Translate the sentence into Chinese.(即动物在对付樊笼生活和地球上的主宰物种——人类——时所表现的高超的思维技能。
新世纪大学英语3-Unit7课文翻译及单词解析
是什么造就了奥运冠军?约翰· E·安德森1992年，在法国阿尔贝维尔冬季奥运会上，当克里斯蒂·山口在冰场上跌倒时，观众席上一片遗憾的声音。
这位20岁的运动员获得花样滑冰金牌的希望肯定会因这一失足而化为泡影。
但是克里斯蒂站了起来，她灿然一笑，旋转身体，继续表演。
她虽然不幸跌倒，但裁判却给她打了近乎完美的分数。
她能鼓起勇气，重振旗鼓，获得了金牌，这足以证明她的决心和勇气。
作为美国奥运队及许多运动员的顾问，我目睹了许多像克里斯蒂这样年轻的男女运动员：他们在关键时刻能够挖掘自身，找到发挥潜能的一种力量。
他们登上领奖台，不单纯是因为运动才能，还因为他们内在的不屈不挠的意志。
他们拥有梦想。
克里斯蒂·山口6岁时首次穿上溜冰鞋，那时她就想象自己是一名奥运冠军。
邦妮·华纳三度代表美国参加奥运会的仰卧滑行小雪橇比赛。
她直到上了大学才有自己的梦想。
之前，她从未听说过有“仰卧滑行的小雪橇”这种比赛用的雪橇。
这两个年轻女子，一旦拥有梦想，就锲而不舍地、勇敢地追求，为了梦想的实现不遗余力。
最重要的是，这些运动员的父母以及周围的人都支持他们的梦想。
洛雷塔·道斯16岁的女儿多米尼克是代表美国参加奥运会的第一批黑人女性体操运动员之一。
洛雷塔最近告诉记者说，培养一个世界一流的运动员着实不易。
在1992年奥运会之前整整一年中，她很少看见自己的女儿。
为了离体育馆近一点，女儿和教练住在一块，那儿离家有45分钟的车程。
当有人请她给其他运动员的父母提一些建议的时候，她的回答简单却极具说服力。
“相信你的孩子吧，” 她这样说。
这并非意味着每个拥有奥运梦想的孩子都能有朝一日登上领奖台。
但是，梦想是通向成功的第一步——哪怕当初的梦想最终让孩子走向另一条不同的道路。
他们满怀激情。
优秀运动员们梦寐以求的奥运圣火在他们的内心深处燃烧。
他们有强大的动力，不仅要成为最优秀的运动员，还要竭尽全力去实现目标——始终不渝。
新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第一册Unit 7.答案
Unit 7 ，Text A >，Comprehension CheckI Directions: In the text, there are some details about how gloomy the Christmas Eve has been. Please scan the text and finish the following table.正确答案：1) wretched 2) shabby 3) carelessly 4) wrong 5)slapped 6) scolding 7) ragged 8) Wearily 9) monotonously 10) emptyII Directions: For each of the following sentence, there are four choices. Please choose the best choice according to Text A to complete the sentence. 正确答案：1) C 2) A 3) D 4) C 5) BUnit 7 >，Self-testI Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. (10 minutes)正确答案：1) D 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) D 7) A 8) C 9) D 10)A 11) A 12)B 13)C 14)D 15) B 16) A 17) B 18) C 19)A 20) CII Directions: There are ten blanks in the following passage. You are required to fill in each blank with one word or expression selected from the bank of words and expressions given in the box below. Change the form when necessary. You may NOT use any of the words or expressions in the bank more than once. (10 minutes)正确答案：1) checked into 2) keep time 3) deal with 4) breeze through 5) wipe down 6) write down 7) flag down 8) count in 9) broke down 10) in timeIII Directions: There are several different definitions for the word “embrace”. Match the definitions in the left column with the sample sentences given in the right column. (3 minutes)正确答案：1) D 2) F 3) E 4) C 5) A 6) BIV Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the correct forms of the words that have been given in brackets. (2 minutes)正确答案：1) Feeling 2) Not knowing 3) Hearing 4) leaving 5) reading。
Unit-7-College-Life新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译
Unit 7 College LifeThe Commencement Speech You'll Never HearWe the faculty take no pride in our educational achievement with you. We have prepared you for a world that does not exist, indeed, that cannot exist. You have spent four years supposing that failure leaves no record. You have learned at Brown that when your work goes poorly, the painless solution is to drop out. But starting now, in the world to which you go, failure marks you. Confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed. Outside Brown, quitters are no heroes.With us you could argue about why your errors were not errors, why mediocre work really was excellent, why you could take pride in routine and slipshod presentation. Most of you, after all, can look back on honor grades for most of what you have done. So, here grades can have meant little in distinguishing the excellent from the ordinary. But tomorrow, in the world to which you go, you had better not defend errors but learn from them. You will be ill-advised to demand praise for what does not deserve it, and abuse those who do not give it.For years we created an altogether forgiving world, in which whatever slight effort you gave was all that was demanded. When you did not keep appointments, we made new ones. When your work came in beyond the deadline, we pretended not to care.Worse still, when you were boring, we acted as if you were saying something important. When you were garrulous and talked to hear yourselves talk, we listened as if it mattered. When you tossed on our desks writing upon which you had not labored, we read it and even responded, as though you earned a response. When you were dull, we pretended you were smart. When you were predictable, unimaginative and routine, we listened as if to new and wonderful things. When you demanded free lunch, we served it. And all this why?Despite your fantasies, it was not even that we wanted to be liked by you. It was that we did not want to be bothered, and the easy way out was pretense: smiles and easy Bs.It is conventional to quote in addresses such as these. Let me quote someone you've never heard of: Professor Carter A. Daniel, Rutgers University:"College has spoiled you by reading papers that don't deserve to be read, listening to comments that don't deserve a hearing, paying attention even to the lazy, ill-informed and rude. We had to do it, for the sake of education. But nobody will ever do it again. College has deprived you of adequate preparation for the last 50 years. It has failed youby being easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, interesting, unchallenging fun. Good luck tomorrow.That is why, on this commencement day, we have nothing in which to take much pride.Oh, yes, there is one more thing. Try not to act toward your co-workers and bosses as you have acted toward us. I mean, when they give you what you want but have not earned, don't abuse them, insult them, act out with them your parlous relationships with your parents. This too we have tolerated. It was, as I said, not to be liked. Few professors actually care whether or not they are liked by peer-paralyzed adolescents, fools so shallow as to imagine professors care not about education but about popularity. It was, again, to be rid of you. So go, unlearn the lies we taught you. To life!你将永远不会听到的毕业演讲1 我们这些教师对于在你们身上取得的教育成就一点都不感到自豪。
新世纪英语专业综合教程 unit 7 lecture notes
Unit 7 Letter to a B StudentSection One Pre-reading Activities. Cultural information1. QuoteHistories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.— Francis Bacon2. GradesGrades are standardized measurements of varying levels of comprehension within a subject area. Grades can be assigned in letters (for example, A, B, C, D, or F), as a range (for example 4.0 –1.0), as descriptors (excellent, great, satisfactory, needs improvement), in percentages, or, as is common in some post-secondary institutions in some countries, as a Grade Point Average (GPA). The GPA can be used by potential employers or further post-secondary institutions to assess and compare applicants. A Cumulative Grade Point Average is the mean GPA from all academic terms within a given academic year, whereas the GPA may only refer to one term.Section Two Global ReadingI Text analysis1.What issues does the writer of the letter intend to deal with?How should students regard grades, both good and bad? Are grades as important as they are assumed to be? Do good grades necessarily lead to achievements and bad grades result in failure in a student’s later life?2.What’s the theme of this piece of writing?It is explicitly stated in the first sentence of the third paragraph: to put a B student’s disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what the grade B means and doesn’t mean.II Structural analysismarked at the beginning by a key word or words. Try to find these key words.Paragraphs 2–5: DisappointmentParagraphs 6-8: The student as performer; the student as human being.Paragraphs 9-10: PerspectiveSection Three Detailed ReadingText ILetter to a B StudentRobert Oliphant1Your final grade for the course is B. A respectable grade. Far superior to the “Gentleman’s C” that served as the norm a couple of generations ago. But in those days A’s were rare: only two out of twenty-five, as I recall. Whatever our norm is, it has shifted upward, with the result that you are probably disappointed at not doing better. I’m certain that nothing I can say will remove that feeling of disappointment, particularly in a climate where grades determine eligibility for graduate school and special programs.12Disappointment. It’s the stuff bad dreams are made of: dreams of failure, inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that there’s never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game2 where one person’s winning must be offset by another’s losing, one person’s joy offset by another’s disappointment.2 You’ve grown up in a society where winning is not the most important thing — it’s the only thing.3 To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke— these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.43My purpose in writing you is to put your disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what your grade means and doesn’t mean. I do not propose to argue here that grades are unimportant. Rather, I hope to show you that your grade, taken at face value, is apt to be dangerously misleading, both to you and to others.4As a symbol on your college transcript, your grade simply means that you have successfully completed a specific course of study, doing so at a certain level of proficiency.The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks: taking tests, writing papers and reports, and so forth. Your performance is generally assumed to correspond to the knowledge you have acquired and will retain.But this assumption, as we both know, is questionable; it may well be that you’ve actually gotten much more out of the course than your grade indicates —or less. Lacking more precise measurement tools, we must interpret your B as a rather fuzzy symbol at best, representing a questionable judgment of your mastery of the subject.5Your grade does not represent a judgment of your basic ability or of your character.Courage, kindness, wisdom, good humor — these are the important characteristics of our species. Unfortunately they are not part of our curriculum. But they are important: crucially so, because they are always in short supply. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued — and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper. Your B is a price tag on a garment that is quite separate from the living, breathing human being underneath.6The student as performer; the student as human being. The distinction is one weshould always keep in mind. I first learned it years ago when I got out of the service5 and went back to college. There were a lot of us then: older than the norm, in a hurry to get our degrees and move on, impatient with the tests and rituals of academic life. Not an easy group to handle.7One instructor handled us very wisely, it seems to me. On Sunday evenings in particular, he would make a point of stopping in at a local bar frequented by many of the GI-Bill students. There he would sit and drink, joke, and swap stories with men in his class, men who had but recently put away their uniforms and identities: former platoon sergeants, bomber pilots, corporals, captains, lieutenants, commanders, majors — even a lieutenant colonel,6as I recall. They enjoyed his company greatly, as he theirs. The next morning he would walk into class and give these same men a test. A hard test. A test on which he usually flunked about half of them.8Oddly enough, the men whom he flunked did not resent it. Nor did they resent him for shifting suddenly from a friendly gear to a coercive one.7 Rather, they loved him, worked harder and harder at his course as the semester moved along, and ended up with a good grasp of his subject — economics. The technique is still rather difficult for me to explain;but I believe it can be described as one in which a clear distinction was made between the student as classroom performer and the student as human being. A good distinction to make. A distinction that should put your B in perspective — and your disappointment.9Perspective. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeling, are fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of fear and joy, suffering and achievement. Warfare, sickness, disasters public and private — these are the larger coordinates of life. To recognize them is to recognize that social labels are basically irrelevant and misleading.8 It is true that these labels are necessary in the functioning of a complex society as a way of letting us know who should be trusted to do what, with the result that we need to make distinctions on the basis of grades, degrees, ranks, and responsibility. But these distinctions should never be taken seriously in human terms, either in the way we look at others or in the way we look at ourselves.10Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person. I’m well aware that B students tend to get B’s in the courses they take later on, just as A students tend to get A’s. But academic work is a narrow, neatly defined highway compared to the unmapped rolling country your will encounter after you leave school. What you have learned may help you find your way about at first;later on you will have to shift to yourself, locating goals and opportunities in the same fog that hampers us all as we move toward the future.Paragraph 1Questions1. What change about grades has the author mentioned briefly?The author has mentioned briefly the change in the way grades are regarded, i.e. the norm has shifted upward.2. What, according to the author, has caused the feeling of disappointment?It has to do with the general social climate where grades determine eligibility for graduateschool and special programs. This is why the author says there is nothing he can do to remove the feeling of disappointment.3. Has the author stated his purpose of writing in this paragraph? If yes, what is it? If not, where is it stated in the text?The purpose of writing the letter is not stated in this paragraph. It is not specifically mentioned until the third paragraph.Words and Expressions1. norm n.1) an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree withe.g. You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in.2) the norm = a situation or type of behavior that is expected and considered to be typicale.g. One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries.Derivation:normal a.normally ad.normalize v.normalization n.2. shift vt.& vi.1) to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightlye.g. She shifted (her weight) uneasily from one foot to the other.The wind is expected to shift (to the east) tomorrow.2) transfer sth.e.g. This simply shifts the cost of medical insurance from the employer to the employee. Collocation:shift sth. (from A to / onto B)转移或转换某事物shift (your) ground（辩论中）改变立场或方法e.g. He’s annoying to argue with because he keeps shifting his ground.Derivation:shift n.shiftless a.Translation:1. 教师让学生们挪动了教室里的椅子，以便小组成员坐在一起开展讨论。
新世纪博士生综合英语Unit-1-课文及译文
Unit1 The Burden of WomanhoodToo often in the Third World, a female’s life is hardly worth living.By: John Ward Anderson & Molly Moore女人的负担往往在第三世界，女性的生活几乎是不值得活的。
约翰.沃德.安德森和莫莉.摩尔1.When Rani returned home from the hospital cradling her newborn daughter, the men in the family slipped out of her mud hut while she and her mother-in-law mashed poisonous oleander seeds into a dollop of oil and dropped it into the baby’s throat. As soon as darkness fell, Rani crept into a nearby field and buried her baby girl in a shallow, unmarked grave next to a small stream.当拉尼抱着她刚出生的女儿从医院回到家时，男人们溜出了她的土屋，她和她的婆婆将有毒的夹竹桃种子捣碎成一团油，并将其塞到婴儿的喉咙里。
夜幕一降临，拉尼就蹑手蹑脚地来到附近的一块土地，将她的女婴埋在一条小溪浅旁边的一个不深的、没有标记的坟墓内。
2.“I never felt any sorrow,” Rani, a farm laborer with a weather-beaten face, said through an interpreter. “There was a lot of bitterness in my heart toward the baby because the gods should have given me a son.”“我从来没有感到任何悲哀”，脸部饱经风霜的拉尼通过翻译说，“我的心对孩子充满了辛酸，因为神本应该赐予我一个儿子”。
新世界大学英语读写教程第一册第7单元
words you do not know. Toin New York new word, you can _____ eating out _____ living understand a √
study carefully at the rest of the sentences that come before and _____ really long hair word, √ seeing shoes word fits in. This skill can _____ paper how the after the and help increase vocabulary. It also saves time that would be spent _____ really short hairwords up in cooking at home _____ a dictionary. looking
LANGUAGE ENHANCEMENT
WRITING
FUN TIME
Unit 7 Trends
A. Read the chart and check (√) your attitude towards the trends.
Trends Paper Handbag Fake LV or Prada Handbag Copycat Cell Phone iPhone Extreme Sports Yoga Online Games Online Dating Starbucks Coffee Japanophile /Koreaphile Be a Vegetarian Eating Out Being a Party Animal Be an Homebody Like _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ Dislike _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
新标准大学英语第四册 unit 7 active reading 1 课文及译文
Large private house 庄园 马路对面
on the other side of the road
A small house at the entrance to the grounds of a large house 偏房，下房
A groundsman is a person whose job is to look after a park or sports ground 管理员
is the dwelling of a peasant or a farm laborer. One of the cottage. the story is written from the perspective of a cottage; another cottage Exactly the same Know 的宾语从句
风景 view landscape 栖息 is, rest building 尖顶
tall pointed structure on the top of a
孩子们渐渐长大了。先是女儿不见了，回来的时候挽着一个 The children grew up, and the daughter disappeared, only to return 年轻人。 儿子也离开了家。有一天，我看到邮递员拿着一摞 with a young man on her arm. The son also left, and one day, I saw 信来到门口，递给园丁和他的妻子一封电报。 他们读完电报， the postman arrive with a bundle of letters, and give the groundsman
and weeping.
新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-7)课后答案及课文翻译
Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general,vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, a nd all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。