“with+复合宾语”结构与独立主格结构

“with+复合宾语”结构与独立主格结构

崔长平河南遂平一高（463100）

“with+复合宾语”结构和独立主格结构是涉及到非谓语动词用法的两个主要结构，也是学生不易掌握的两个用法。现将其基本构成及一般用法分陈如下：

Ⅰ.“with＋复合宾语结构”通常有以下五种构成形式：

①with＋宾语＋动词不定式（或动词不定式短语）

（本结构中的动词不定式视具体情况可以是一般式、完成式或被动式。）

e.g. With her to help me，I feel quite at ease.

He was left alone with no one to look after him.

With him to give us a lead，our team is bound to turn out well.

②with＋宾语＋现在分词（或现在分词短语）

（本结构中若使用现在分词的主动形式，说明宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上主动的主谓关系；若

现在分词使用了被动形式，则说明宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上被动的主谓关系。）

e.g. I saw her driving along，with her hair streaming in the wind.

Peter soon fell asleep with the light still burning.

I won′t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.

From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered glob，with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.

With the boy leading the way，we found his house with no difficulty.

③with＋宾语＋过去分词（或过去分词短语）

（在本结构中，宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上被动的主谓关系，）

e.g. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

She sat there with her head bent.

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

④with＋宾语＋介词短语

e.g. The peasants walked to the fields with hoes and spades on their shoulders.

Mr. Smith came into the classroom with a ruler under his arm and a thick book in his hand.

He looked at his son，one hundred paces away with an apple on his head.

Bamboo grows up straight and thin，with branches at the top.

She left the office with tears in her eyes.

⑤with ＋宾语＋形容词（短语）或副词（短语）

e.g. It is rude to speak with your mouth full.

He used to sleep with the windows open.

With John away，we have got more room.

The streets looked more beautiful with all the lights on.

“with＋复合宾语结构”的否定形式是“without＋复合宾语结构”。

e.g. Without anyone noticing，I slipped through the window.

I wouldn′t dare to go home without the job finished.

We wandered on without shoes on.

Without a gardener to keep it tidy throughout the year，the garden soon deteriorated.

▲“with/without＋复合宾语结构”常在句中作定语或状语。

1.定语

e.g. She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.

And today，if you go to Salt Lake City，you can see a monument with seagulls on top of it.

The city lies in a valley with high mountains all around it.

2.状语（常用来表示原因、条件、行为方式、伴随情况等。）

e.g. The poor girl，with a basket on her back，searched all day from the riverside to

the foot of the mountain.

Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.

Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.

Ⅱ.独立主格结构

◆将“with＋复合宾语结构”中的with去掉，并把原来作为宾语的宾格代词改为主格代词（名词不

再变化），即是一个“独立主格结构”。具体构成形式如下：

⑴名词或主格代词＋现在分词（或现在分词短语）

等的变化，要结合具体句意，使用不同的形式。）

e.g. Spring coming on，the trees turned green.

It being Sunday，the library was closed.

There being no buses，we had to walk home.（there being 是there be 句型的独立主格结构。）Our work （having been） finished，we went home hurriedly.

The key （having been ）lost，she could not enter the room.

Weather permitting，we will go picnicking by the waterfall.

It being fine，we will go climbing in the afternoon.

Time permitting，we will go for an outing.

⑵名词或主格代词＋过去分词（或过去分词短语）

）

e.g. He lay on his back，his teeth set，his right hand clenched on his breast，and his glaring

eyes looking straight upward.

Her wallet stolen，she had no money to buy even a bus ticket.

The signal given，the bus started.

⑶名词或主格代词＋动词不定式（或动词不定式短语）

同的形式。）

e.g. Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month.

⑷名词或主格代词＋形容词（短语）或副词（短语）

，his nose red with cold.

Betty put on her socks wrong side out.

⑸名词或主格代词＋介词短语

e.g. Last night I followed him here and climbed in，sword in hand.

In front of the house was a tall tree，its top well above the tops of the other trees.

▲独立主格结构经常在句中作状语。（注意，独立主格结构只是一种结构，不是句子，因此，它与句子的主干之间一般只用逗号隔开，而不能加用诸如and ,but ,so之类的连接词。）

1.原因状语：

e.g. The teacher being ill，the lecture was put of

f.

There being nothing to do，we went home.

2.时间状语：

e.g. The guest having left，they went on with their discussion.

The sun having risen，they continued their way.

The meeting（being）over，all left the room.

3.条件状语：

e.g. Weather permitting，we shall come.

All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.

4.表示伴随情况或补充说明：

e.g. The children were making a snowman，hands red with cold.