Unit30EtiquetteTaboos(礼仪禁忌)资料
社交礼仪 英语作文
社交礼仪英语作文英文回答：Social etiquette is a set of rules and conventions that govern how people interact with each other in social situations. It includes things like how to greet people, how to behave at the dinner table, and how to dress appropriately for different occasions.Social etiquette can vary from culture to culture, so it's important to be aware of the customs of the placeyou're visiting. For example, in some cultures it's considered rude to make eye contact with strangers, whilein other cultures it's considered a sign of respect.There are many different types of social etiquette rules, but some of the most common include:Greeting etiquette:When meeting someone for the first time, it's customary to shake hands and say hello.In some cultures, it's also common to bow or curtsy.It's important to make eye contact when greeting someone, and to smile.Dining etiquette:When eating at a formal dinner, it's important to follow the proper table manners.This includes things like using the correct utensils, eating at a moderate pace, and not talking with your mouth full.It's also important to be aware of the different types of food and drinks that are being served, and to know how to eat them properly.Dress etiquette:The way you dress can send a message about who you are and what you're trying to accomplish.It's important to dress appropriately for the occasion, and to be respectful of the culture you're in.For example, it would be inappropriate to wear shorts and a t-shirt to a formal dinner.Social etiquette is important because it helps us to interact with each other in a respectful and considerate way. By following the rules of social etiquette, we can avoid misunderstandings and create a positive atmospherefor everyone.中文回答：社交礼仪是一套规范，指导人们如何在社交场合中彼此互动。
etiquette的用法及短语例句
一、etiquette的定义和意义“etiquette” 在法语中意为“标签”或“规范”，是指社交场合中的礼仪和规范。
在不同的文化中，etiquette有着不同的表现形式，但其本质都是一种社会行为规范，是人们在日常交往中应该遵循的行为准则。
在现代社会，遵循良好的etiquette已经成为了一种人际交往的基本要求，对于提升个人形象以及加强人际关系都有着积极的作用。
二、etiquette的基本原则1. 尊重他人。
在任何场合，尊重他人是最基本的etiquette原则。
无论对待朋友、家人还是陌生人，都应该表现出尊重和关心，避免使用冒犯性、轻蔑性的语言和行为。
2. 礼貌待人。
礼貌是etiquette的核心，无论在日常生活还是工作中，都应该用言行举止展现出对他人的尊重。
要学会说“请”“谢谢”“对不起”等日常用语，避免粗俗的行为举止。
3. 注意自身形象。
保持整洁、得体的仪表形象也是etiquette的一部分。
适当的着装、得体的言行举止可以给他人留下良好的印象，是交际中不可忽视的部分。
4. 遵循场合规范。
不同的场合有着不同的规范，比如在餐桌上要遵循用餐礼仪，在商务场合要遵循商务社交规范等。
了解并遵循不同场合的规范也是良好etiquette的一部分。
5. 让他人感到舒适。
在交际中应该关心到他人的感受，发现他人的需求并尽量满足，让他人感到舒适和愉快。
三、etiquette的常见短语例句1. “Excuse me, I'm sorry to interrupt, but may I have a word with you?”对不起，打扰一下，我能和你说句话吗？2. “Thank you for your attention.”谢谢你的关注。
3. “I'm so sorry for my mistake.”很抱歉，我的错误。
4. “Please help yourself to the food.”请随意吃饭。
各国礼仪及禁忌事项共32页文档
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 谢谢
11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。——邓拓 12、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。——爱尔兰 13、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。——老子 14、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。——歌德 15、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。——迈克尔·F·斯特利
各国礼仪及禁忌事项
6、法律的基础有两个，而且只有两个……公平和实用。——伯克 7、有两种和平的暴力，那就是法律和礼节。——歌德
8、法律就是秩序，有好的法律才有好的秩序。——亚里士多德 9、上帝把法律和公平凑合在一起，可是人类却把它拆开。——查·科尔顿 10、一切法律都是无用的，因为好人用不着它们，而坏人又不会因为它们而变得规矩起来。——德谟耶克斯
Table Manners餐桌礼仪
Table Manners
GERMANY American CHINA JAPAN
Here’s the German/European way of using a knife and fork:
FAST FOOD!
Finger Foods? Nein! Americans and other Europeans rarely eat with their hands! Especially in a fine restaurant or in a formal/semiformal dining situation, even pizza is eaten with a knife and fork. However, if you are at an outdoor Grillparty or eating informally, it’s okay to eat some foods, such as hamburgers or hotdogs, with your hands.
初到美国餐馆用餐，应该注意如下事项：1）选择合适的餐馆（如：家庭式餐 馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等）；2）餐馆营业时间（上午11：30开门营业， 直到夜晚）；3）一般都应事先预订餐位：4）到达餐馆后，不能径直地到餐桌 旁入桌，除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示；5）付款时，别忘了留给服务员一 定比例的小费（一般为实际总额的10%～15%）。
Reserving a Table is rather popular in the USA. And it is often necessary to make a reservation. You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables at restaurants-it's more pleasant to wait in the bar ,of course,if there is one-but there queues more quickly.
俄罗斯商务礼仪与禁忌共17页文档
Russians have three names: First name, patronymic and last name. In a business situation, visitors should address their Russian colleagues by all three names unless they say differently.
Attention！
Russians do not touch others or pass something by their left hand，because they regard “left” as ill omen. Avoid talking these topics with Russians:political contradiction,economic challenges,national dispution,the break-up of the Soviet Union,Afghanistan war and leading power issues.
Taboos
People should never attempt to shake hands through the threshold, as this is considered both bad manners and bad luck.
Visitors should always be punctual for their business appointments, but should not be too angry if their Russian counterparts are late.
Vodka is properly drunk in one gulp, between courses, and at the direction of the dinner host.
西餐英文礼仪（通用8篇）
西餐英文礼仪（通用8篇）西餐英文礼仪篇1Seated posture, but also to care for others, foot in my seat, especially on both sides of the greeting of the ladies, should avoid to speak, can not arbitrary straight你好, quiet and calm，朋友. The mouth of food. On the table can be selfish, elbows should not rely on table edge, or hand on the back of a chair next to him, can not be impatient. Table must be gentle.西餐英文礼仪篇2MealAdmission, call the owner, that is to start eating.Take food, not sung too much. After eating food, if not, can be taken. If the greeter at the dish, to be added, to be sent when the receptionist again. If I can not eat or not eat the food, or serve as the master greeter Jia Cai, do not refuse, on the desirability of a small amount of disk, and said "Thank you, enough." Taste of the dishes are not, do not show An embarrassed expression.To eat refined. Chewing shut up, do not drink soup, not to eat sounds. Such as soup, hot dishes, cold wait before eating, not to blow his mouth. Inside the mouth of the fish bone, the bones do not directly outside the spit, Yanzui napkins, hand (can be used chopsticks to eat Chinese food) out, or lightly fork in the spit, vegetables on tray.The leftovers of food, utensils used toothpicks should be placed on disk, not to put their table.Mouth with food, not to speak. Tiya, napkin or hand over the mouthTalkBoth for the owner, or Peike guests, and the table should talkto people, especially around next to him. Not only with a few acquaintances or two of the same words. If the neighbor did not know, introduce myself first.ToastAs the guest of honor at the banquet to participate in foreign, should be used to understand each other's toast, that is why people toast, when the toast, and so on, in order to make the necessary preparations. Clink, and the owner of the guest of honor first touch, many people may indicate a toast at the same time, not necessarily clink. Toast careful not to cross when the clink. And the master chief guest at the speech, toast, the meal should be suspended, to stop talking and pay attention to listen, and do not like to take this opportunity to smoke. Stood when the national anthem is played. The master and guest of honor, then finished with VIP guests clink staff, often to T eachers sprinkle the other table, should an emergency occur, rose to toast. Clink, to pay tribute to each other by sight.Dinner toast each other, said the friendly, lively atmosphere, but bear in mind that excessive drinking. Drinks too easily slip of the tongue, and even loss, it is necessary to control himself in less than one-third of those who have.UndressIn social occasions, no matter how hot the weather can not solve the buttons off his clothes in public. Small informal dinner, and invited guests, such as the masters of undress, gentlemen can take off his jacket in the back.Tea(Or coffee) tea, coffee, plus get milk, sugar, cup self to join with small mixing teaspoon, teaspoon back into the still small dishes, usually milk, sugar are in full bloom with separate utensils.Drink at the right hand is holding the Cup, the left hand side small dishes.FruitChili, Apple, do not bite with a whole should be cut into four with a fruit knife, 6, and then peeled with a knife, nuclear, and then eat with their hands, peeling knife-edge when North Korea, cut inside from the outside . First banana peel, cut into small pieces to eat with a knife. With a knife and cut into pieces to eat oranges, orange, lychee, longan and so on can eat Bole Pi. The rest, such as watermelon, pineapple, etc., usually go into skin yuan, can be used when eating a fruit knife and cut into small pieces with fork food.Shui YuIn the banquet, the chicken, lobster, fruit, in some cases sent a small Shui Yu (Tongpen, crystal bowls or Boli Gang), a floating rose petal water or lemon slices for the use of hand-washing (some people have mistaken for beverages, As a result become a joke). Wash hands when they take turns damp fingers gently Shuanxi, and then use a small napkin or towel dry.Memorial itemsSome of the master for each person attending or have a small souvenir of flowers. At the end of the banquet, call the owner to bring guests. In such, it can be said that it commended the 12 small gifts, but do not have to solemnly said. In some cases, foreign visitors, the dinner menu is often taken as a souvenir, and sometimes I please with those who signed the menu as a souvenir. In addition to the special master to indicate things as souvenirs, a variety of entertainment products, including candy, fruit, cigarettes and so on, are not taken away.ThanksSometimes in the private sector attended the banquet activities, often my business card or memo said.Will buffet, cocktail buffet vegetables take, cocktail reception, greeter serve, not to get a gun, I have to be sent to the front of the airport project. Did not get around the first time, not to rush to get their second. Do not dish around the table next to the check End Tuikai that, in order to let other people get.The use of tablewareChinese food is the major bowls, chopsticks, is the Western knives, forks, plates. Dinner is usually a foreigner to eat Chinese food, Chinese food is also for the West to eat more, before we go, knife and fork set. The knife and fork is the use of his right hand with a knife, hold the left hand fork, cut into small pieces of food, and then sent a cross inside the mouth. Europeans do not use changing hands, from cutting food were sent to hold the left hand fork. Americans, after cutting, put down the knife, fork right hand holding the entrance to send food. When dinner knife and fork in accordance with the order from outside access inside. After each course, emissions will be set within feet close together and knife and fork to eat that. If finished, then put into a character or a cross placed, knife-edge to inside. Chicken, lobster, indicated by the master, can be torn by hand to eat, or can be cut meat knife and fork, cut into small pieces to eat. Cut with bone or hard shell of meat, meat fork must fork in prison, knife-edge close to cross under the cut, so as not to slide open. Vegetable, be careful not to hit too much force plate and sound. Is not easy to cross the food, or food is not easy on the fork, gently push it available Dao fork. In addition to the soup, do not have to spoon feeding. With deep soup plate or small bowl full bloom, when to drink with a spoon scoop from the inside out into the mouth, is aboutto do drink, can be set to hold out a little. Eat with the smell of food, such as fish, shrimp, game, etc. equipped with a lemon, juice will hand out food in the drip, to smell out.Are involved in an accident caseBanquet in progress, due to carelessness, the occurrence of unusual circumstances, such as too much force, knife and fork so that the impact plate, audible, or drop utensils on the floor, or knock over drinks and so on, should not have to worry calm. Tableware out of touch sound, a small sitting next to (or host) say "I am sorry." Tableware can be dropped to send a greeter to pay. Spilling drinks spilled next to him who should apologize to help dry; as the other women, as long as the clean handkerchief or napkin and handed to her own dry.(1) 餐巾Napkin(2) 魚叉Fish Fork(3) 主菜叉Dinner or Main Course Fork(4) 沙拉叉Salad Fork(5) 汤杯及汤底盘Soup Bowl & Plate(6) 主菜盘Dinner Plate(7) 主菜刀Dinner Knife(8) 鱼刀Fish Knife(9) 汤匙Soup Spoon(10) 面包及奶油盘Bread & Butter Plate(11) 奶油刀Butter Knife(12) 点心匙及点心叉Dessert Spoon and Cake Fork(13) 水杯Sterling Water Goblet(14) 红酒杯Red Wine Goblet(15) 白酒杯White Wine Gobl西餐英文礼仪篇3十条应该遵守的西方礼仪How to behave at table in western society?1.When helping a woman pull her chair to the table, hold it and guide it. Don't shove it against the back of her legs.1. 为女士拉椅子的时候，要把椅子抓住了，留个角度，让女士好走过去。
英语礼仪（餐桌、葬礼、邀请、禁忌）
ing first name is widespread.2.Professionals are often called by last names, such as “Doctor Brown”.3.A man is introduc ed to a woman first; a younger person to an elder person; a subordinate to a superior; a child to an adult; a newly-joined person to the members of the group, etc.握手1.—“Mrs. Fraud, This is my colleague, Mr. Howe.—Mrs. Golden, May I introduce/present my friend Tim?”sting time:3-5 secondsMaintaining good eye contact during your handshake The older/ woman/ people with higher rank tends to hold out his/her hand first.邀请formal correspondence，亦称请柬；informal correspondence,即邀请信Formal invitations should be hand-written or typed on double sheets of quality paper, and should be sent out two or more weeks before the occasion.A married person invited, his/her spouse should also be included.If young children in a family is to be invited, all the children’s first name should be listed.1) X invites you to a reception (party, etc.) at (place) on (date) at (time).2) You are warmly (cordially) invited to attend a reception (part) at (place) on (date) at (time).3) X request (s) the pleasure of your company (the company of Mr. Y) at a reception (dinner, etc.) at (place) on (date) at (t ime).1.Formal InvitationDr. and Mrs. Richard Wilbur request the pleasure of Mr. and Mrs. Ma rk Strand’scompany at dinner on Monday, July the twenty-second at ten o’clock200Forest Avenue2.Acceptance to a Formal InvitationMr. and Mrs. Mark Strand accept with pleasure Mr. and Mrs. Richard Wilbur’skind invitation to dinner On Thursday, July the Twenty-second at eight o’clock3.Decline to a Formal InvitationMr. and Mrs. Mark Strand regret that previous engagement prevents their acceptingMr. and Mrs. Richard Wilb’s kind invitation to dinner on Thursday, July the twenty-second拜访1.To make an appointment in advance 2.To be punctual (being 15 minutes max later is acceptable, but not arriving earlier) 3.To remember to bring gifts 4.Being frank and direct when something will be offered by the host.感谢信Sample 1 (a bread and butter note)Maureen, dearI’m writing to say thank you for the pleasant weekend I spent at your lovely house. I not only had a good time,but I enjoyed the wonderful food! Please give my regards to your mother, Ivy, whocooked delicious meals for me. More hearty thanks to you and your family for inviting me.Thank you again for your hospitality.Yours EuniceDear Rice,Thank you so much for the pretty crystal vase you and Truman sent! It’s exact the style I want and one of the nicest gifts I have received on our anniversary. How considerate of you to select it for us! Stephen sends thanks too; can you come soon and see how lovely the crystal vase looks on our dining table?Call me礼物Very truly yoursOpen the gift at the presence of the giver, showing your gratitude with words like “thank you”, “I really appreciate it”, “it’s so pretty” etc. Gifts should be reciprocated!1.Arriving The lady follows the receptionist/hostess first and the men fall in behind.2.Getting seated It is proper for the man to pull out the chair for your date orsome other lady to sit in.3.Napkin unfold (not shake) your napkin and put it on your lap as soon as yousit down.If you excuse yourself from the table, loosely fold the napkin and place it onyour chair. Meal finished, place it to the left or right of your plate. Don'tclean the cutlery or wipe your face with the napkin. Never use it to wipe yournose 4.Place setting5.Course Serving Order 1.Soupe and breakfast2.Salade 3.Main course (meat)4.Desert (coffee included)背朝上的拿叉/像拿铅笔内侧朝上Slurping is never acceptable.(由内向外舀)Eating Bread Break off a small piece of bread with your fingers. If you like butter, use the provided spoon to put a dollop on your bread plate. Butter your bun from the dollop.Salad In the USA, salad is served after the appetizer and before the main course.In European countries, salad is served following the main course.Knife in right hand, fork in left hand holding food. After a few bite-sized pieces of food are cut, place knife on edge of plate with blades facing in. Eat food by switching fork to right handGet rid of the pit. Transfer the pit from the fingers to the palm of the cupped hand. Place the pit on a small plate or in a paper napkin. Remove pits in stewed fruit with a spoon before eating.6.Dessert Time Coffee spoon is used to stir coffee. Don’t use it to drink coffee or mash cubic sugar. put coffee spoon on the tray while drinking the coffee. The right way to hold the coffee cup is to pinch it with your thumb and forefinger.7.Leaving the Table 1.When excusing yourself from the table, loosely fold the napkin and place it on your chair. 2.Meal finished, place it to the left or right of your plate.Leaving for a while Place the fork on the left and knife on the right, knife blade in and fork tines down, so that they cross over the center of the plate.At the end of a meal Set the fork and knife parallel to each other, so they lie either horizontally across the center of the plate or are on the diagonal, with the handles pointing to the right. The cutting edge of the knife blade should face toward the diner.婚礼Wedding customs and traditions eil and bouquet oneymoon Wear white arry flower he 3rd finger, left-handed wedding ringBefore a Wedding 1.Responding Promptly(RSVP date) 2.Be Punctual 15mins ea rly 3.Dress Etiquette 4.Sending Gifts3 Female guest attire for daytime weddings A flirty floral dress with a hat. A skirt and blouse or a sweater set. Strappy high-heeled sandals. A bright-colored suit in pastel blue, pink or sage green. Colors like black and navy are too business-like. Male guest attire for daytime weddings A neutral-colored linen suit in taupe or beige with a tie for summer. A wool suit in navy, black or charcoal pants for winter. Da rk dress pants, a sweater and tie under a blazer. A da rk or neutral suit with a turt leneck.A dress shirt, tie and dress pants for casual weddings.Guest attire for evening weddingsMen: A dark 3-piece suit. Tuxedos after 6 pm.Ladies: A cocktail dress or dressy suit in dark color. An evening gown for the wedding invitation says Dress pants a nd a blouse with a blazer or a dressy skirt suit for casual weddings.black tie (formal wear: full dress or white tie/After Five; semiformal evening wear: black tie/After 6 pm).Attires that wedding guests shall not wear: White clothes. Black clothes to a daytime wedding. Jeans or printed t-shirts. Anything you would wear to a bar (including anything too sexy or revealing).Wedding Gifts Registry information (a list provided by the couple, of the things they need or desire) is discreetly spread by word of mouth or can be included as an insert in a shower invitation. Small household appliances, fine china,gardening tools, camping equipment, money and gift certificates.Sending time: On the East Coast Before the wedding or soon after the wedding But to bring cash gifts and gift certificates in elegant cards to the reception. In the Midwest on the wedding day (a gift table)Receivers‘addresses: bride's （parents’）home couple-to-be’s new address (addressed to the bride).white TieMen:Tailcoat Formal trousers, (with satin stripes on the left and right sides) which are never cuffed White pique bow tie White (black on some occasions) pique vest White pique-front shirt Cuff links and studs Black patent leather shoes Suspenders may also be wornLadies:Ball gown– ballerina (to the ankle) or full-length (to the floor) Dancing shoes– formal pumps or sandal shoes Jewellery– earrings and necklace; rings and bracelets are optional. Gloves– if they are worn, should be opera length (evening gloves or opera gloves are a type of formal glove that reaches beyond the elbow). Stole or cloak Handbag– clutch style or small evening bagBlack Tiemen:Tuxedo or dinner jacket Formal trousers Formal shirt, which may have a wing collar and mayhave a pleated, standard, or pique front (or may have a ruffled front) A bow tie or neck tie A waistcoat or vest (worn with either a bow tie or a long tie)Black patent leather shoes Cufflinks and studs Suspenders may also be wornLadies: Cocktail dresses or dressy evening separates Dressy JewelleryWedding Guests Dos Stand when the bride enters, and remain standing until the officiant asks you to be seated.At the end of the ceremony, allow family members of the bride and groom exit first.Turn your cell phone on silent and let call go to voice mail. Introduce yourself to everyone at your table at the reception, and make polite conversation.Keep your children under control. Be prepared to pay for the damage possibly caused by your children.Don’ts Chat or crack jokes in the church. Rise up frequently to take pictures. Pile your plate full, if a buffet is served. Drink too much. Invite a date to escort to the wedding unless the words “and guest” appear next to your name on the envelope5.Wedding ProcessionalThe processional music starts The officiant, groom and best man enter by a side door after the mothers of the bride and groom are seated, and wait at the altar. Groomsmen enter by a side door. Bridesmaids follow the Groomsmen. They walk down aside aisle. The maid of honor follow the matron of honor. Then they walk down the aisle.All the above-mentioned attendants stand at the front of the church facing the guests and lining up with the men on the right and women on the left and tallest to shortest with the shortest being farthest from the bride and groom. One flower girl walks in or two walk side by side, and take their places on the left side of the church next to the maid of the honor. One ring bearer walk a fter the flower girl, and take his place on the right side of the church next to the best man( They should walk down the aisle slowly and steadily)Cue the music-- “Here Comes the Bride”! Everyone stand and turn to watch the bride and her father walk down the main aisle. Everyone remains standing until the father sits downProtestant wedding processional:The processional music starts. The mothers of the bride and groom, escorted to their seats by a brother of the bride or groom, or by another usher, are seated after all guests are seated. The officiant, groom and best man enter by a side door and wait at the altar. Groomsmen enter by aside door, or escort the bridesmaids. Bridesmaids Ring bearer and/or flower girl Maid or Matron of Honor The bride, escorted by her fathe r or other close male family member or friend. The bride’s escort can remain standing at the front of the aisle, with her until the minister asks "Who gives this woman in marriage?" to which he responds "I do," or "Hermother and I do.” (old fashioned and sexist )Or the bride’s escort walks with the bride to the front of the aisle, and then takes his seat in the front row.Catholic wedding processional:The priest, groom, and best man enter through a side door and wait at the altar. The groomsmen and bridesmaids walk down in pairs, starting with the two who will stand farthest from the bride and groom, and ending with the best man and maid of honor. The ring bearer and/or flower girl The bride and her father, or other close family member. The bride walks on the left side. If the bride's escort is her father, he leads her to the front of the aisle, then takes his seat next to the bride's mother.Jewish wedding processional The Rabbi and/or canto Grandparents of the bride and groom seated in the 1st row Groomsmen, walking in pairs Best man The groom, who is escorted by his parents. Bridesmaids Maid or Matron of Honor Ring bearer and/or flower girl The bride, escorted by her parentsA wedding processional with a small bridal partyGroom takes his place at the front Best man enters Maid of Honor walks up aisle Ring Bearer Flower Girl Bride, with escort if she has one.(If it is possible, let the best man seat the grandmothers and the groom seat the mothers as part of their ent rances.) 葬礼Paying a Visit Expressing Sympathy Offering Help Dressing Properly Viewing the Body mourning at the Funeral1.stination Address: At home At the funeral homeVisiting period:Typically 15-30 minutes or so or follow your instincts as to how long to stay.Purpose:Offering sympathy Offering assistance2.When arriving : Introduce yourself to the family Let them know how you are connected to their loved one. It is advisable for the colleagues of the deceased who may attend calling hours together, not to descend on the bereaved all together.I’m sorry (to hear of your loss). I always regard… (the deceased) as a good friend. …(the deceased) will be missed by every one. I’m sorry for your loss. Let me know if there is anything I can do to help. It is also Ok to share talks about the deceased with the family.Offering Help Thought gestures are invaluable Childcare Food gifts Picking up out-of-town relatives Transportation Running errandsDressing Properly Strict Funeral Dress -- Black is the basic rule for funeral dress.Women’s funeral dress attire: A black hat with very wide brimFor summer--A black suit or a plain black cocktail dressFor winter--Black sweater with black skirt or trousers and closed back shoesMen’s funeral dress attire:Close relatives--A black suit and white shirt with a plain black tie.Other close friends--All black attire (black turtle neck sweater and black suit or black shirt, black tie and black suit) including black socks and shoes. And avoid sneakers.Don’ts: too bri ght color clothing, such as red,pink, electric blue or the like; T-shirt.Viewing the Body-the time that the family and friends come to see the deceased after they have been prepared by a funeral home. (reviewal, funeral visitation; a wake in the USA)Addresses— The funeral parlour, a family home, or chapel.Time— Prior to the actual funeral service.For the family— A chance to say goodbye on a personal level and accept the reality of the death more easily.For the friends— Not required, but not afraid to ask if you wish to.Mourning at the FuneralA memorial service, or a funeralAddresses— A funeral home or church.Time— A few days after the time of death.Guests— Arriving ten or fifteen minutes in advance.Pallbearers: people who a re special to the deceased.Delivering of the eulogy: by the friends, the family or the clergy in the way of saying, reading poems or even singing a song, which details happy memories and accomplishments.Difference between funerals in different Religious denominationsFor example, for Roman Catholic and Anglican. Eulogies: be prohibited or discouraged during this service . Coffin: be closed at the end of the wake and is not re-opened for the funeral service. But for other religions, the attendees of the memorial service are allowed to view the decedent’s body for the last time either immediately before the service begins, or at the very end of the service, immediate family followed by the decedent’s spouse, parents and children, being the very last.禁忌Taboo FoodAmphibians and reptiles—Forbidden in Judaism and Islam. A delicacy in France, Portugal, China, Caribbean and parts of the USA and India.Birds—According to the Old Testament of the Bible, the following are not to be eaten:eagles, vultures, ospreys, and bats. In North America, urban pigeons are considered unfit for consumption. Eating swans is considered unacceptable in Europe and the Americas. Eating of the meat of crows and other scavengers(食腐动物）is thought to be repulsive as evidenced by the expression “eating crow”. In western culture, songbirds（燕雀）are regarded as backyard wildlife. Some migratory birds are protected by international treaty.Deer/Reindeer— A popular in Alaska, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia and Canada.Squeamish about the idea of eating reindeer meat in the United Kingdom and Ireland (As to popular culture, reindeers are assistants to Father Christmas, while in the northern countries, there is “cows of the north” versi on).Cats—Cats are unfit to be eaten in western culture. In the USA, any cat products are forbidden.Veal—Concerning about inhumane treatment of the calves, people in Britain, Ireland, Canada and USA choose not to eat veal. Dogs—According to the anci ent Hindu scriptures, dog’s meat was regarded as the most unclean food, which was worthy only for the lowest of the castes.. Never treat people who keep dogs as pets with the meat of dogs.Horses—A food taboo to most people in the UK, the US, and Australia (it supply is illegal sometimes). Lobster, dog and horse are forbidden in Judaism, Hinduism and some sects of Christianity. A delicacy in Scandinavia, parts of continental Europe and Ja pan. Insects—Be prevented from consuming as food in European cultures except for honey.Many vegetarians avoid honey as they would any other animal product.Living animals—Western culture forbids any portion that is cut from a live animal, which is seen as barbarity. Live shrimp is an exception.Offal—A traditional part of many European and Asian Cuisines.People are squeamish about eating offal in Australia, Canada, and the USA, which are only fit for pet food. Liver and intestines used as natural sausage casings are exceptions in USA.Rats and mice—Being considered unclean vermin, carrier of plague or pets, they are unfit for eating.Snails—A delicacy in North Africa, France, and other mediterranean countries. Seen as disgusting in Britain, Ireland, and America. Vegetables—Many Germans will not eat Swede (Swedish turnip, rutabaga)Alcohol—Some religions, such as Hinduism, Islam, Baptists and other Evangelical Christians, forbid or discourage the consumption of alcoholic beverages.Blood—It is considered repulsive in most of the US. Britain and some other Commonwealth countries, “black pudding” or “blood pudding” is made from blood. Followers of Judaism and Islam are forbidden to drink blood or eat food made from blood.Taboo NumbersSix— An evil number in western culture, esp. in Christian world. 666 is associated with the beast, an antagonistic creature in the Bible. And it is a symbol for Satan or the Devil.Thirteen— an unlucky number in the west, which indicates occurrence of disaster or symbol of misfortune. JudasOdd and even number— The westerners see the even number as the symbol of misfortune, but the odd ones as a good luck of symbol. Taboo ColorYellow—means Jaundice and cowardice in English, such as “yellow belly” (in American slang, a coward is said to have a “yellow belly” ) and “yellow journalism. I t makes people think of Judas. In America, yellow contains expectation, missing and yearning for return of their far-away relatives.Black—The color of mourning with negative connotation. In painting, film, and literature, yellow often evokes a sense of the fear or symbolizes death. In western fashion, black is considered reliably stylish, such as “the new black” which means the latest t rend or fad. And people like to wear black on important occasions; the member of symphony orchestra is all in black suit.Verbal TabooSacrilegious taboos—Christians are forbidden to “take the Lord’s name in vain”. As curses are believed to have magical power, hell and damn are changed to heck and darn. Abusive taboos— Some animal names, such as bitch, cow, and swine (they are called four-letter words.)Obscene taboos—Words relating to sex and sex organs.Taboos of disease and death—English tends to use “the long illness” to avoid using “cancer”. When someone dies, people just use “pass away”, “be on more”, etc.。
Western Table Manner
第一个打开餐巾布的人应该是主人，这个动作宣布晚宴正式开始。
a. Usage of napkin餐巾的使用
3) Napkin folded is placed on the left side of the table when the dinner is finished. Don’t roll it into a mass.
怎么正确使用刀叉？
b. Usage of knives and forks刀叉的使用
左手如果感觉不方便， 可以换右手拿叉，但 更换频繁则显得粗野。
You can change knife and fork between right and left hands, but not too often.
Don’t fetch food from other people’s plate.
请勿从别人的盘子里取食物
II. Taboos of western table manners 西餐礼仪的禁忌
Don’t blow on hot food or drink.
请勿用嘴吹凉食物及饮料。
Don’t chew with your mouth open.
结束宴席后可随意叠好餐巾 放餐桌的左侧，不要揉成一 团。
b. Usage of knives and forks刀叉的使用
Basic kinds of knives and forks 基本的刀叉
b. Usage of knives and forks 刀叉的使用
How to properly use knives and forks?
TableManners（餐桌礼仪）
TableManners（餐桌礼仪）Table manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle cutlery and how to eat in a civilized manner.Eating 进餐1. Japan 日本(1) It is “perfectly” okay to slurp when you eat noodles. The reason is that Unlike making big noises, slurping mildly is not rude but is a compliment to the chef. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp.(2) Eat sushi whole. Dip the fish part rather than the rice into soy sauce.2. Russia 俄罗斯(1) Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in left hand, knife in the right.(2) Keep your hands in sight. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table.(3) Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. Or the host will ask if you’d like to have a second helping. It’s polite to mop up excess sauce or gravy with bread.3. France 法国(1) Never discuss money or religion over dinner. Going Dutch is considered “the height of unsophistication”.(2) In France, a meal is like a ceremony. People relish it and make it’s a special occasion.(3) In contrast to the etiquette in Russia, it’s considered good manners to finish everything on your plate. People often cut bread directly on a table cloth rather than on a plate. Tearyour bread into bite-sized pieces before eating. Taking a bite from the whole piece is very impolite。
1英语社交礼仪与禁忌
1. Articles related with business
2. In English
comprehensivew words, phrases, sentence structures, language points, grammar, text analysis…
Reading and exploring
Skimming and scanning What is an important skill?
What is the use of this skill?
What are the elements that go into making a first impression? What is proper etiquette?
Assignment
2
8
Lead –in
1.When and where do you need etiquette? 2.What kind of etiquette are you most
interested in?
3.How important is understanding the basics of etiquette and protocol in business?
Text analysis
Skimming and scanning
Predicting Reading actively
Inferring information
Text A
Etiquette and Protocol in Business
Lead in
Reading and exploring
How to behave in other countries The meaning of proper etiquette and the value of understanding etiquette and protocol