英语语法术语中英文对照

词性part of speech

1.名词noun

1)专有名词proper noun

2)普通名词common noun

3)可数名词countable noun

4)不可数名词uncountable noun

5)抽象名词abstract noun

6)具体名词concrete noun

7)物质名词material noun

8)集体名词collective noun

9)个体名词individual noun

2.动词verb

1)及物动词transitive verb

2)不及物动词intransitive verb

3)限定动词finite verb form

4)非限定动词non-finite verb form

5)主动词main verb

6)系动词link verb

7)助动词auxiliary verb

8)情态动词modal verb

9)规则动词regular verb

10)不规则动词irregular verb

11)短语动词phrasal verb

12)限定动词finite verb

13)非限定动词infinite verb

14)使役动词causative verb

15)感官动词verb of senses

16)动态动词event verb

17)静态动词stage verb

3.形容词adjective

4.副词adverb

1)方式副词adverb of manner

2)程度副词adverb of degree

3)时间副词adverb of time

4)地点副词adverb of place

5)修饰性副词adjunct

6)连接性副词conjunct

7)疑问副词interrogative adverb

8)关系副词relative adverb

5.代词pronoun

1)人称代词personal pronoun

2)物主代词possessive pronoun

3)名词性物主代词nominal possessive

pronoun

4)形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive

pronoun

5)反身代词reflexive pronoun

6)指示代词demonstrative pronoun

7)疑问代词interrogative pronoun

8)关系代词relative pronoun

9)不定代词indefinite pronoun

6.冠词article

1)定冠词definite article

2)不定冠词indefinite article

7.数词numeral

1)基数词cardinal numeral

2)序数词ordinal numeral

8.介词preposition

9.连词conjunction

10.感叹词exclamation

一、数/格/性number/case/gender

1.数number

1)单数形式singular form

2)复数形式plural form

3)规则形式regular form

4)不规则形式irregular form 2.格case

1)普通格common case

2)所有格possessive case

3)主格nominative case

4)宾格objective case 3.性gender

1)阴性feminine

2)阳性masculine

3)中性neuter

4)通性common

4.人称person

1)第一人称first person

2)第二人称second person

3)第三人称third person

二、句子成分members of sentences

1.主语subject

2.谓语predicate

3.表语predicative

4.宾语object

1)双宾语dual object

2)直接宾语direct object

3)间接宾语indirect object

4)复合宾语complex object

5)同源宾语cognate object 5.定语attribute

6.状语adverbial

7.同位语appositive

8.补语complement

1)主语补足语subject complement

2)宾语补足语object complement

三、句子sentence （基本句型basic sentence pattern）

1.简单句simple sentence

2.并列句compound sentence

3.复合句complex sentence

4.并列复合句compound complex

sentence

5.陈述句declarative sentence

6.存在句existential sentence

7.疑问句interrogative sentence

1)一般疑问句general question

2)特殊疑问句special question 3)选择疑问句alternative question

4)反义疑问句disjunctive question

5)附加疑问句tag question

6)修辞疑问句rhetorical question

7)感叹疑问句exclamatory question

8.肯定句positive sentence

9.否定句negative sentence

10.祈使句imperative sentence

11.省略句elliptical sentence

12.感叹句exclamatory sentence

四、语气/语态/语序mood/voice/order

1.语气mood

1)陈述语气indicative mood

2)祈使语气imperative mood

3)虚拟语气subjunctive mood

2.语态voice

1)主动语态active voice

2)被动语态passive voice

3.否定negation

1)否定范围scope of negation

2)全部否定full negation

3)局部否定partial negation

4)转移否定shift of negation

4.语序order

1)自然语序natural order

2)倒装语序inversion

i.全部倒装full inversion

ii.部分倒装partial inversion

3)直接引语direct speech

4)间接引语indirect speech

5)自由直接引语free direct speech

6)自由间接引语free indirect speech 5.一致agreement

1)主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 2)语法一致grammatical agreement

3)概念一致notional agreement

4)就近原则principle of proximity

5)强调emphasis

6)重复repetition

6.语音pronunciation

1)语调tone

2)声调rising tone

3)降调falling tone

4)升降调falling-rising tone

7.文本style

1)正式文本formal

2)非正式文本informal

3)口语spoken/oral English

4)套语formulistic expression

5)英国英语British English

6)美国英语American English

8.用法usage

1)感情色彩emotional coloring

2)褒义commendatory

3)贬义derogatory

4)幽默humorous

5)讽刺sarcastic