九年级英语语法定语从句归纳总结

高一英语定语从句的归纳

一．几个基本概念

1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。

4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。

﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as

﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why

5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】

6.引导词的功能（作用）：

﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。

﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。7.定语从句的类型：

。

The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导

The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about (介词)at the meeting is from Beijing University.

=The man about（介词）whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to（介词）was built in the 17th century.

=The palace to（介词）which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。

1.who/that指人，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。

Do you know the gentleman who/that（代替gentlmen,在从句中作主语）is sitting there?

Do you know the gentleman whom/who/that（代替met 后面the gentlmen,从句中做宾语) we met just now?

The man (whom/who/that，可省略) I spoke with（介词没提前）is my teacher.

The man with （提前了）whom （whom不可省略）I spoke is my teacher.

※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。

She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.

3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.

I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）

He is the student whose pencil （动词broke的宾语）I broke yesterday. （动宾）

The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾）

4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（宾语包括动宾或介宾）。

①当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。

②当作介宾时：

介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；

介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.

The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.

The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.

such …as…；so …as…；as …as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句：

Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.

Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.

My hometown is no longer the same as it was.

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.

The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).

I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.

He is not such a person as I expected.

He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.

※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。因此，当as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数．

Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.

She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.

He married her, as/which was natural.

I still remember the time when I joined the League.

＝I still remember the time on which I joined the League.

I still remember the school where I joined the League.

＝I still remember the school in which I joined the League.

＝I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in.

I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent（及物动词，后面省略the time）in Beijing.

This is the factory (which/that) he visited(及物动词，后面省略the factory) yesterday.