英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句

时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网

一．几个基本概念

1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。

4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。

﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as

﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why

5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】

6.引导词的功能(作用)：

﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。

﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。

7.定语从句的类型：

﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句

The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导

The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句。

②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。

I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree.

There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples.

This is the man to whom I gave the book.

③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指

人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。

He has five children，two of whom are abroad.

(比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.)

We have three books，none of which is/are interesting.

(比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.)

除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。

2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。

The engineer，whose leg was badly hurt，was quickly sent to hospital.

(那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤)

The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.

(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)

3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who，做宾语时用whom；

指物做主语，宾语都用which；关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。

The man，______ is sitting on the chair，is my father.

The woman，_______ I met yesterday，is my English teacher.

The city，_______ is far away，is very beautiful.

He went to America，______ his parents live.

He joined the Army yesterday，______ I left，too.

4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：

The house，whose window faces south，is mine.

=The house，the window of which faces south，is mine.

=The house，of which the window faces south，is mine.

二。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。

1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。

Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there？