英语语法讲解之定语从句
定语从句语法讲解
定语从句语法讲解定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词表示的）汉语中常用“……的”表示.主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.如“The man”、“The book”.如“那个穿着西装的人是我爸爸” 这就是一个定语从句.代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致.1,who, whom, that 这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,'who'和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略）,可以指人也可以指物.在从句中所起作用如下：（1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）（2）He is the man （whom/that）I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师.（whom 在从句中作宾语）注：who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略；whom在定语从句中指人,做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略.2,which、that 用来指物(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略）,例如：（1）The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.（which/that在从句中作主语）（2）The package (which/that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了.（which/that在从句中作宾语）注：which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略；that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom 来代替.[1]3.whose (只用作定语)“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语.1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从省略.[eg：This is the book （which）you want.]2. 不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词“wh”放在它原来的位置.3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略；c）被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时；e）整个句中前面已有“which”,“wh”行关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）when=during/ on/ in/…… whi ch（介词同先行词搭配）1. “where”是关系代词,当然也不用“that”引导.By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期.I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方.Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西.2. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用“there is”开头.There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话.分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.编辑本段关系副词的用法及说明关系副词why 关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason）,同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语.如：We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来.She didn’t tell me the reason why sh e refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因.与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略.如：That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一.另外,与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样,why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句.如：他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒.误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.关系副词when 关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语.如：There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了.We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点.注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词,就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语,就用when；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用when,而要用that, which等.如：Do n’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间.关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语,正因为是用作宾语,所以也可以省略.关系副词where 关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语.与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语.另外注意,where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句.一份整天坐办公桌前的工作.非限制性定语从句意义：非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,3. 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,4. 有时as也可用作关系代词5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用于在从句中做主语whom指人注意：关系代词“whom”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替,可省略.如果在从句中做宾语,就用“whom”或“who”.which 、that 通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语,表所有.“whose”指物时通常以以下结构来代替：that指人时相当于“who”或者“whom”；指物时,相当于“which”当前头有最高级序数词“all”不定代词时必须用“that”.在定语从句中做主语、表语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略. when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用. 介词和关系代词1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略.2）“that”前“Do you”作介词的宾语,且可以省略.例如：（1）The school（that/which）he once studied in is very famous.“that/which”可以省略.= The school in which he once studied is veryfamous.“which”不可省略.（2）Tomorrow I will bring here 用,如：look for, look after, take care of等.T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.（T=正确）F This is the watch for which I am looking.（F=错误）2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用“whom”,不可用“who”或者“that”；指物时用“which”,不能用“that”；关系代词是所有格时用“whose”（1）The man with whom you talked is my friend.（T）The man famous.（2）I bought many books yesterday, three of which arewritten by Lu Xun.关系代词关系代词（一般情况下）“that”可用在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语. “which”指物,在从句句中作主语；“whom”在从句中作宾语；“why”在从句中修语,先行词通常是“the reason”；有时“why”也可用“for+which”代替.例：A doctor who looks after people's health.主语谓语先行词定语从句修饰先行词判断介词和关系代词方法一：用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词.例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.判断改错:（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one,解析：主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A. 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、宾语时,选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词（“where”地点状语,“when”时间状语,“why”原因状语）.编辑本段关系词的选择只用that不用which 1）当先行词是或被序数词,最高级,不定代词修饰时,关系词用that不用which.2）当先行词既有人又有物时,用that.3）当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one 等词时,用that不用which.4）当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that.5）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that只用who不用that 1）如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that.2）当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时.只用which不用that 1）当主句先行词后有介词时,用which.This the one of which I'm speaking.2）非限定性定语从句,用which.3) 描述句中一般用which.Beijing,which was Chi na‘s capitalfor more than 800years.4）those +复数名词之后,多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.5）先行词本身是that时.注意1）there be句型中,指人用who指物用that.2）当主句中缺少主语或表语时,用the one.2）当出现先行词+介词时,关系词只能用whom或which编辑本段先行词和关系词1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替）2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. （“what”可以用“all that”代替）但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句.因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有.将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”.An invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. itB. thatC. whichD. he答案C.此为非限定性从句,不能用“that”修饰,而用“which”、“it”和“he”都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选“he”句意不通.2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was morethan we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案B英语语法上行不通.3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it答案B“as”和“which”在引导非限宾语.但不同之处主要有两点：（1）importance to me, as my own is.在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质.这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词.值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用“who / whom”.（2）动词短语先行成分.这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式.如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词“do”和“as / which”一起代替.“do”可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替.（3）句子作先行成分.这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句.有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事.二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置.由于先行成分的构成成分”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容质的which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.2. 动词词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊.3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后.但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定“s”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等.4. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义,而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义.“as”特殊定四、关系代词“as”与“which”一词.如：Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.1). “Which”作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词“be”省略.2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语.3). “as”和“which”在特殊从句中作补语.如：We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装.如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用“which”而不用“as”.如：He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.5.'as'用法：1).'as'引导限制性定语从句a.'such.as'He is not such a fool as he looks.I have never heard such a story as he tells.b.'the same .as'This is the same book as I lost last week.(区分'the same...as'与'the same.that'：两者都引导定语从句.that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个.as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类,而非同一个.举例：①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支.②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样.)c.'as...as'As many children as came were given some cakes.2).'as'引导非限制性定语从句常用句式:as is said above 综上所述as is known to all 众所周知as is often the case 通常如此as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的6. “which”在特殊从定法（1）不用that的情况（a）在引导非限定性定语从句时.（错）The tree, which is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.（b）介词后不能用.We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. （2）只能用“that”作为定语如“last,just”修饰时,只用“that”.（d）先行词为序数词、数容词,又有物时.（f）先行词指物,在主句中作是“the way”或“the reason”时,“that”可作关系副词,也可省略.（h）主句的主语是疑问词“who /which”时,避免重复要用“that”．举例：Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?这是你在图书馆借的书吗?Who that break the window should be punished．谁打碎了窗户谁该受罚.All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.定语从句只能“that”引导的情况：1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰.This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰.The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.3、先行词是不定代词时,如'all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something'This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.4.、先行词既有人又有物时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?5、先行词被only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”等修饰He is the only person that l want to talk to.6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用'that'Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?7、“there be”句型中8、先行词在主句中作表语,或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用“that”“that”在作宾语时可省略.（五）区分定语从句和同位语从句1、定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系. （1）The planeis clear. 同位语从句2、定语从句由关系代for advice.（3）The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.（4）The fact is that the moon moves around the earth. [定语从句]介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系副词不能省略.2）“that”前不能有介词.3）某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的'介词+关系词'结构可以同关系副词“when”和“where”互换.例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?。
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 语法 定语从句讲解 .ppt
(四) 关系代词用who/whom不用that的情况
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. There was a Mr. Green who wanted to see you.
关系词 先行 词
人
人
从句 成分
主，宾
宾
例
句
who
whom whose that
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
Company Logo
Grammar
Add Your Company Slogan
---the attributive clause
By Yolanda Ye
英语基本句型
SV
SVO
Iron rusts.
Liverpool won the game.
SVP
SVoO SVOC
英语语法 定语从句讲解
课中讲解 四
• 定语从句的主谓一致问题： 2. one of + 复数名词+who/which/that +复数谓语
the only one of + 复数名词+ who/which/that +单数谓语
She is one of the students who ____ praised at the meeting yesterday.
（3）先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。 I have read all the books that you gave me.
课中讲解 二
注意 在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。
（4）先行词被the only, the very 修饰。 This is the very pen that I am looking for. He is the only person that I want to talk to.
A．which
B．what
C．that
D．When
(南昌调研)You can only be sure of all ________ you have at present；
you cannot be sure of something ________ you might get in the future.
It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves
differently.
A．that B．When
C．which D．where
初中英语语法之定语从句2关系副词讲解-练习-答案
定语从句2——关系副词引导的定语从句【关系副词引导的定语从句】1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.2. when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.[注]当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip出差, he brings a lot of presents for his children.3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grewup.This is the reason why he came late.= This is the reason for which he came late.例题（）1. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose（）2. Jim dislikes people ______talk much but never do anything .A.whoB.whomC.whose（）3.—I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday.--Oh, how nice! Do you know when he_______?A.leftB.was leavingC.has leftD.had left（）4. We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whose（）5. Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom?A.whoB.whichC.when（）6. Smith hates some persons _______talk too much but do nothing.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who（）7. —The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.--Yes. They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.who（）8. Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning?A.whenB.whatC.that（）9. Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeedA whichB whatC whomD who（）10. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______HongKong was returned to China.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when（）11. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. which（）12. This is the novel ______ is written by Guo Jingming.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. /（）13.Henrry likes people ______ can keep their promises and keep others’ secrets.A. whomB. whenC. whoseD. who（）14. The girl _________ is sitting under the big tree is Lynn’s cousin.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which（）15. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _______ have helped me.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. where练习（）1. — What are you looking for?--I am looking for the book ________ I bought yesterday.A. whoB. whichC. whose（）2. We know Jackie Chan ________ movies are very popular with the young.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which（）3. Is this university_______ your elder brother will choose this year?A. the oneB. thatC. where（）4. —Do you know the boy _______ is standing under the tree?--Yes. He’s Peter. He’s new in our class.A. whereB. whatC. whoD. whose（）5. The house ____ we live is not big.A. in thatB. whichC. in whichD. that（）6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?A. thatB. whichC. forD. why（）7. The room ____ windows face south is his.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. who’s（）8. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when（）9. The park, ____ we met with him, is very nice.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when（）10. The first time ____ I saw her was in 1989.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. as（）11. Pay attention to all ____ I do.A. whichB. in whichC. whatD. that（）12. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that（）13. Is there anything ____ I can do for you?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it（）14. The woman ____ child had fallen ill was a doctor.A. whoB. herC. whoseD. /（）15. The pen ____ I’m using ____ is hers.A. which; itB. that; itC. it; /D. /（）16. The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease ______ has caused many deaths.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. what（）17. Disney is an amusement park _______ you can find Disney movies and characters.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when（）18. The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.A. whatB. whoseC. whoD. which（）19. The skirt _________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.A. whatB. /C. thatD. it（）20. I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose（）21. Jack, there is someone in the office ______ would like to speak with you.A. whoB. whichC. whom（）22. Shaolin Temple ____ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. what（）23. We should give love to the children _______ lost their parents in the earthquake.A. whoB. whomC. thoseD. which（）24. --The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it?--Yes, it has built many schools ________ those children can study happily.A. whereB. whenC. which（）25. --There are many volunteers ________ are helping the children in Sichuan.--And most of them are college students.A. whichB. whenC. whoseD. who典型例题1选B 2选A 3选A 4选C 5选A 6选D 7选D 8选C 9选D 10选D11选D。
2021届高考英语一轮复习-英语语法专题复习：定语从句讲解课件(共42张)
定语从句 Attributive Clause
定语从句 (Attributive Clause) 指在复合句中充当定语的从句。 (3) 引导词：连接、替代、成分作用。
b. 关系副词：when, where, why, that
【注意】在定语从句中，that可去到关系副词when, where, why作状语，口语中常被省略。
【注意】在定语从句中，where 替代表地点的先行词， 在从句中作地点状语。
定语从句 Attributive Clause
定语从句 (Attributive Clause) 指在复合句中充当定语的从句。 (3) 引导词：连接、替代、成分作用。
b. 关系副词：when, where, why, that
This is very person that I’m waiting for. 可作主语或宾语。
Shopping is the only way that makes me happy.
There is something that I want to tell you.
真题解析
【2017阅读】 New federal data that the Education Department released in April shows that about 10 percent of new teachers leave the profession within the first year on the job, and 17 percent leave within five years.
真题解析
Through doing this, the teacher will be able to ascertain the
英语定语从句语法详解
英语定语从句语法详解定语从句是英语中非常重要的一个语法结构，用于修饰名词或代词，并且在句子中起到定语的作用。
在本文中，我们将详细介绍英语定语从句的概念、用法以及常见的引导词。
一、定语从句的概念和用途定语从句是由一个句子作为整体，用来修饰名词或代词的句子。
它可以提供进一步的信息，使得句子更加具体明确。
定语从句通常放置在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
In this sentence, "that I bought yesterday"是一个定语从句，修饰名词"book"，进一步解释了这本书的情况。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有：who、whom、whose、which、that等；常见的关系副词有：when、where、why等。
1. 关系代词的用法a. who/whom/whose：用于人。
who用作主语或宾语，whom用作宾语，而whose表示所有关系。
例如：The man who is standing over there is my father.那个站在那里的人是我爸爸。
The boy whom I met yesterday is my classmate.我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
This is the house whose roof is red.这是一座屋顶是红色的房子。
b. which/that：用于物。
which用作主语或宾语，that可用作主语、宾语或定语。
例如：The car which/that is parked in front of the house is mine.停在房子前面的那辆车是我的。
The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
2017年高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句(经典)
[高中英语语法] 定语从句一、定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C 、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义：限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
英语语法：定语从句
英语语法：定语从句定语从句是英语常见的用来联系多个句子的句型，作用强大而且简单易用。
小编在这里整理了相关知识，快来学习学习吧!英语语法：定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。
注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
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英语语法讲解之定语从句时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用)：﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。
例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句。
②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree.There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples.This is the man to whom I gave the book.③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)引导。
One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children，two of whom are abroad.(比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.)We have three books，none of which is/are interesting.(比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.)除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。
但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer，whose leg was badly hurt，was quickly sent to hospital.(那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤)The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。
指人做主语时只能用who，做宾语时用whom；指物做主语，宾语都用which；关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
The man，______ is sitting on the chair，is my father.The woman，_______ I met yesterday，is my English teacher.The city，_______ is far away，is very beautiful.He went to America，______ his parents live.He joined the Army yesterday，______ I left，too.4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：The house，whose window faces south，is mine.=The house，the window of which faces south，is mine.=The house，of which the window faces south，is mine.二。
定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there？2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
①当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时，关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now？②当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.※注：固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如look for，take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.3.whose：指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。
Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。
Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. (主语)He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (动宾)The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (介宾)4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。
①当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
②当作介宾时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.The games in which the young men competed were difficult.※注：介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。
主要用于“the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。
要用as代替who(m)，which，或that引导定语从句：Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.My hometown is no longer the same as it was.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.He is not such a person as I expected.He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。
因此，当as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数。
Our team lost the game，as/which was reported in the newspaper.She was terrified，as/which I could see from her eyes.He married her，as/which was natural.区别：①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。
He married her，as/which was natural.=As was natural，he married her.Mark Twin is a great writer，which/as is known to all.=As is known to all，Mark Twin is a great writer.②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。