并列句复合句)

并列句和复合句

并列句：如果句子包含有两个或更多互不依存的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接；有时也可不用连词，而用一个逗号或分号分开。以下的并列连词是中考考点。

1. and与or.并列连词and和or与祈使句连用时，常用的句型为“祈使句+ and / of +陈述句”结构。如果两个分句都是肯定语气，则用and连接；如果两个分句的语气为一个肯定，一个否定，则应用or连接。如：Work hard，and you“ll catch up with others. Work hard，or you won”t catch up with others.

2. but.but表示转折，意为“但是”。由but连接的并列句可与though / although引导的主从复合句转换。but与though / although不能同时用在一个句子中表示“虽然……但是……”。如：She is very young，but she studies well. （= Although / Though she is very young，she studies well.）

3. so.so表示结果，意为“所以”。由so连接的并列句可转换成because引导的主从复合句，两者也不能同时用在一个句子中表示“因为……所以……”。如：He was ill yesterday，so he didn“t come to school. （= He didn”t come to school yesterday，because he was ill.）

4. for.for用作并列连词引导句子表示原因时，是对另一个分句的补充说明，它不能放在句子的开头。如：The day is broken，for the birds are singing.

5. while.while用作并列连词，连接的两个分句之间的关系是相对比的，指“而……”，通常不位于句子开头。

Lily and Lucy are twins. Lily“s tall while Lucy is short.复合句：复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。初中阶段要求重点掌握宾语从句和状语从句，这两种从句也是中考重点考查内容之一。

一、宾语从句

1. 连接词：

（1）that引导陈述句意义的宾语从句，that本身没有词义，口语中常可省略。

（2）if或whether引导一般疑问句意义的宾语从句，译为“是否”。如：We are talking about whether he is a young pioneer.（3）连接代词或连接副词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾语从句，并且在从句中要作一定的句子成份。如：I don“t know when we will have a meeting.

2. 语序：宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句意义，一律用陈述句语序，即”主语+谓语“结构。如：I don”t know where he lives.

3. 时态：

（1）主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要可用任何一种时态。如：She says she will come back. （2）主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去相应时态。如：She asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.

（3）从句为客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，不受主句时态限制，从句使用一般现在时。如：She said that one and one makes two.注意：当主句的谓语动词是think，believe，expect（期待），suppose（猜想）等词时，其后that引导的宾语从句如果表示否定意义，通常将否定词not移至主句中，但在变为反意疑问句时，疑问部分的人称和助动词等仍然与从句保持一致。如：I don“t believe it is true，is it？

二、状语从句

1. 时间状语从句：在时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。引导状语从句的连接词在使用上应注意以下几点：

（1）when在引导的时间状语从句中，既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词；在while 引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词一般是延续性的，从句与主句动作同时发生。如：While we were in Beijing，we saw him twice.（也可用when代替while）

（2）since表示“自从……以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用过去时，主句表示动作延续的情况，一般用现在完成时。如果主句表示的不是延续性动作而是目前的状态，可用一般现在时。如：It is two years since she joined the Party.

（3）till / until意为“直到……”，主句用肯定形式的延续性动词。如：They worked till it was dark.若主句的动词是终止性动词，要用否定形式，构成“no …until …”结构，意为“直到……才……”。如：He didn“t go to bed until it was ten o”clock. 2. 原因状语从句：由because，since，as等词来引导。如：Since you are free，you had better help me.

3. 结果和目的状语从句：

（1）“so…that…”与“such…that…”都可用来引导结果状语从句，前者常用的结构是“so + adj. / adv. + that…”，“so + adj. + a / an + n.（单数）+ that…”，“so + many / much / few / little + n.（不可数或复数）+ that …”。如：He ran so quickly that he won the race. It was so warm a day that we went to swim. He fell so many falls that he was black and blue.后者常用的结构是“such + （a / an）adj. +n.（单数、复数或不可数）+ that…”。如：They are such interesting animals that the children like them very much.

（2）“so that”引导状语从句，可以表示目的，也可以表示结果。表示目的时，从句中应用may，will，can这类情态动词；表示结果时，从句中多不用情态动词，而且从句前有逗号。试比较：Finish this so that you can start another.（表示目的）

Nothing more was heard of him，so that people thought he was dead.（表示结果）

（）1. There was _____ that we couldn‘t hear what he said.

A. such much noise

B. such many noise

C. so much noise

D. so many noise

（）2. Mr Brown is _____ teacher _____ he can’t leave his office.

A. so busy a，that

B. a very busy，that

C. such busy a，that

D. so busy a，and

（）3. He is happy _____ he is poor.

A. though

B. and

C. but

D. so

（）4. I can‘t find the library book _____ I’ve looked for it everywhere.

A. and

B. if

C. though

D. because

（）5. Miss Yang loves her work ___ she loves books.

A. until

B. because

C. if

D. before

（）6. I don‘t know _____ I will be free tomorrow. _____ I am free，I’ll come to see you.

A. if，whether

B. whether，whether

C. if，that

D. if，if

（）7. We‘ll buy a computer if we _____ enough money next year.

A. will have

B. are having

C. do have

D. have

（）8. Don’t get off the bus _____ it stops.

A. who

B. what

C. when

D. that

（）9. Can you tell me _____ your parents are，Betty？

A. who

B. what

C. when

D. that

（）10. What was Jim doing _____ his sister fell off the bike？

A. while

B. and

C. when

D. but