不用或不能用被动语态的情况

不用或不能用被动语态的情况

1. 不及物动词(vi.)没有承受着，所以是不可能用于被动语态的。如：

1）He went home.

2）Mr. Li began to speak. The teachers and the students listened carefully.

当然，不及物动词(vi.)后面跟上介词时相当于及物动词(vt.)，就可以用于被动语态了。如：

Mr. Li began to speak. The teachers and the students listened to him carefully.

→Mr. Li began to speak. He was listened to carefully by the teachers and the

students.

2. 有些表示状态的及物动词(vt.)（往往是不能用于进行时的vt.）如have、let、cost、

hold（容纳，盛下）等，不表示动作，不可用于被动语态。如：

1）I have some new books. √

→Some books are had by me. ×

2）The bus holds fifty people. √这个汽车能坐50人。

→Fifty people were held by the bus. ×

3. 当及物动词(vt.)所带的宾语是表示地点、处所（有时包括组织、团体）等时，一

般不能改为被动语态。如：

1）He left Beijing. √

→Beijing was left by him. ×

2）He entered（走进）the classroom. √

→The classroom was entered by him. ×

3）He joined the English club last week. √

→The English club was joined by him last week. ×

说明：一般地说，判断一个主动句能否转换为被动句，主要看其宾语是否真的受到动作的影响，是否真的“被触及”了。是比较下列说法：

●Tom turned（翻）the pages.√Tom翻了那几页。

→The pages were turned by Tom.√那几页是Tom翻的。

但是：只可说Tom turned（绕过）the corner. √Tom拐过了弯。

不可说The corner was turned by Tom. ×

●只可说He joined the Party（党）last year.√他去年入了党。

不可说The Party was joined by him last year.×

但可说The Party was founded（成立，建立）in 1921.√

我们党成立于1921年。

4. 某些动词当表示某种特征、属性、状态等时，虽然可能含有一定的被动意义，但

习惯上只可用主动式。也有人把这种情况称为“主动形式表示被动意义”。这些动词实际上是作不及物动词或是一些感觉系动词。如：

1）These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。

2）The clothes clean easily. 这衣服很好洗。

3）The food tastes good. 这饭真好吃。

4）Ice feels cold. 冰摸起来很凉。

【注】上述例1）和例2）中的不及物动词（属于行为动词）后面跟副词（作状语）；而例3）和例4）中的（感觉）系动词后面要跟形容词（作表语），

不能跟副词。