派生词--后缀
精选-初中英语构词法前缀后缀词汇一览表

deep deeply
lucky luckily
usual usually
noisy noisily
slow slowly
angry angrily
strong strongly
quiet quietly
特例:true truly
terrible terribly
possible possibly
fry fried
worry worried
动词---过去分词转为形容词
break broken
lose lostpleasepleased
colourcoloured
动词---名词
know knowledge
fly flight
pleasepleasure
名词---名词
farmfarmer农夫
动词---现在分词、过去分词转为形容词
boat boating
build building
beginbegietmeeting
turnturning
名词---形容词
friend friendly
south southern
wool woolen
dangerdangerous
difference different
drive driver
(以e结尾,-r)
run runner
(重读闭音节,双写-er)
win winner
travel traveller
-or“人”invent inventor
visit visitor
-ly(副词后缀)bad badly
quick quickly
careful carefully
派生词

派生词派生法(derivation)是英语主要的构词法。
这方法是借前缀或后缀之助,制造出派生词(derivative words),主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。
前缀以否定前缀(negative prefixes)un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, non-, dis-, mis-, mal-等为主,使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。
Ⅰ名词派生词Balance→imbalance;pleasure→displeasure;management→ mismanagement;efficiency→inefficiency;concern→unconcern ;literacy→illiteracy;resolution→irresolution;interference→noninterference;nutrition→malnutrition.Ⅱ形容词派生词Accurate→inaccurate;patient→impatient. regular→ irregular;legal→illegal;native→non-native;orderly→ disorderly;common→uncommon.Ⅲ动词派生词Agree→disagree;judge→misjudge;treat→maltreat;activate→inactivate;use→ill-use;mobilize→immobilize;manage→mismanage;quote→unquote.除了否定前缀之外,其他常用的前缀还有anti-, auto-, bi-, co-, counter-, de-, ex-, inter-, mono-, post, pre-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, tri-, ultra-等。
例如:anti-government(反政府);auto-intoxication(自我迷醉);bilateral(双边的);coexistence(共存);counter-argument (反建议);de-emphasize(不强调);ex-president (前任会长);international(国际间的);monolingual(单语的);post-war (战后的);precaution(预先防备);pro-China(支持中国);re-state(重述);subhuman(低于人类的);superimpose(加在上面);trans-atlantic(横跨大西洋的);triangle(三角);ultra-smart(超能的)。
世界语常用的前缀,后缀,词根和派生词

世界语常用的前缀,后缀,词根和派生词(注:世界语的词汇一般是以词根为基础,加上词缀、语法词尾而构成的。
如maljunulo(老大爷),是由mal-jun-ul-o这几部分组成,mal是前缀,表示反义;jun是词根,意为“年轻”;ul是后缀,表示“(具有某种性质的)人”;o是语法词尾,表示其词性。
有趣的是,以上这些词缀原则上可适用于任何一个词汇。
因此学习世界语时,化一定的时间学习一些最常用的词缀是必要的。
)前缀词根派生词bo(表示姻亲) filo(儿子) bofilo(女婿)ĉef(长、主) urbo(城市) ĉefurbo(首府)dis(分散) doni(给) disdoni(分发)el(出来) lito(床) ellitiĝi(起床)en(进入) lito(床) enlitiĝi(就寝)ek(开始) iri(走) ekiri(出发)eks(前任) instruist(教师) eksinstruisto(退休教师) ge (两性) junulo(男青年) gejunuloj(男女青年们) inter(之间) nacio(民族) internacio(国际)mal(反义) bona(好的) malbona(坏的)mis(错) vidi(看) misvidi(看错)pra(远古) nep(孙子) pranepo(重孙子)re(再) vido(看) revido(重逢)sen(非,无) morta(死亡) senmorta(不朽)后缀词根派生词aĉ(坏) skribi(写) skribaĉi(乱涂)ad(持续) ago(一次行动) agado(持续行动)aĵ(物品) manĝi(吃) manĝaĵo(食品)an(成员) urbo(城市) urbano(市民)ar(集合) arbo(树) arbaro(森林)ebl(可能) uzi(使用) uzebla(可使用的)ec(性质) amiko(朋友) amikeco(友谊)eg(扩大) domo(房子) domego(大厦)ej(场所) lerni(学习) lernejo(学校)em(倾向) helpa(辅助的) helpemo(乐于助人) end(应该) lerni(学习) lernenda(应该学的) er(细小) akvo(水) akvero(水滴)estr(首长) ŝipo(船) ŝipestro(船长)et(缩小) domo(房子) dometo(小棚)id(幼崽) kato(猫) katido(猫崽)ig(使) bela(美丽) beligi(美化)iĝ(变) granda(大) grandiĝi(变大)il(工具) ludi(玩) ludilo(玩具)in(阴性) junulo(年轻人) junulino(女青年)ind(值得) ami(热爱) aminda(可爱的)ing(插具) plumo(笔) plumingo(笔套)ism(主义) sociala(社会的) socialismo(社会主义)ist(...者) instrui(教) instruisto(教师) obl(倍数) tri(三) trioblo(三倍)on(分数) du(二) duono(二分之一) op(集合数) kvin(五) kvinope(五个一组) uj(容器,国家) inko(墨水) inkujo(墨水瓶)ul(...人) juna(年轻的) junulo(年轻人) um(意义不定) varma(热) varmumiĝi(中暑)。
派生词

派生词派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中,有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。
此外,新考纲要求考生掌握3 500多个英语单词。
因此,掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题,还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量,为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。
一、名词后缀1.动词+-ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correct v.改正;纠正correction n.改正celebrate v.庆祝celebration n.庆祝;庆祝会conclude v.完成;结束c onclusion n.结论;结束2.动词+-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drive v.驾驶开车;驱赶driver n.司机;驾驶员gather v.聚集;采集gatherer n.收集者;采集者conduct v.指挥;管理conductor n.指挥;售票员3.动词+-ment→名词punish v.惩罚punishment n.惩罚4.动词/形容词+-th→名词warm adj.温暖的w armth n.温暖grow v.生长growth n.生长5.形容词+-y→名词difficult adj.困难的 difficulty n.困难honest adj.诚实的honesty n.诚实6.形容词+-ness→名词kind adj.善良的kindness n.善良7.动词+-ance→名词annoy v t.使烦恼annoyance n.生气;烦恼8.-ship结尾的名词(表示身份;关系;资格) member n.成员;会员 membership n.会员资格professor n.教授professorship n.教授身份9.-ing结尾的名词garden n.花园gardening n.园艺greet v.打招呼;问候greetings n.问候[针对训练]语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AFrom the 1.________________ (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad 2. ________________ (impress) on her and if shewon the 3. ________________ (elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4. ________________ (organize), he could not get her 5. ________________ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6. ________________ (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7. ________________ (inspire) from his wife’s words.Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8. ________________ (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9. ____________ (help)! I’m sure I will be the 10. ___________ (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.BIt was really a hard time when Li Ping firstcame to the United States.His 1. ________________ (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2. ________________ (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon, poor nutrition caused the 3. ________________ (die) of the poor baby.4. ________________ (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5. ________________ (relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6. ________________ (brave) and 7. ________________ (persevere), he managed to gain the 8. ________________ (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. ________________ (settle). He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10. ________________ (happy) and success.二、形容词后缀1.常见形容词后缀(1)名词+-al→形容词(表示“有……属性”,“与……有关”)agriculture n.农业 agricultural adj.农业的(2)动词+-ive→形容词decide v.决定;下决心d ecisive adj.决定性的;关键的(3)动词+-able→形容词(表示“能够”,“适于”,“值得”)change v.变化;兑换changeable adj.易变的;变化无常的(4)名词+-ful→形容词care n.小心;关心careful adj.小心的;仔细的(5)名词+-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)care n. 小心;关心 careless adj.粗心的(6)名词+-ly→形容词friend n.朋友friendly adj.友好的(7)名词+-y→形容词dirt n.污物;脏物d irty adj.脏的(8)名词+-ous→形容词danger n.危险dangerous adj.危险的2.复合形容词的构成(1)形容词+-ing分词easy-going 随和的(2)形容词+名词+-ed k ind-hearted 善良的;好心的(3)名词+-ed分词water-covered 被水覆盖的(4)副词+-ed分词well-written 写得好的(5)数词+名词+-ed t hree-legged 三条腿的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线单词的意思1.It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck —of fate, really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)()2.The good working condition in this city is attractive.()3.You can rely on him because he is reliable.()4.Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.()5.It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.()Ⅱ.语篇填空A:用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is 1. ________________(communicate). She is 2. ________________(act) in answering the teachers’ questions and from time to time herclassmates find her answers quite 3. ________________(impress) and 4. ________________ (accept). Of course, not every student likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5. ________________ (create) and 6. ________________ (help) girl.For example, she once led a 7. ________________ (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides, she spent 8. ________________ (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well again.She is 9. ________________ (friend) to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all, Lucy is the most 10. ________________ (fame) girl in her school.B:运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Our journey was far-reaching amongst snow-covered/capped (雪封的) mountains where no ________________ (说英语的) people live.The local people are ________________ (相貌好看的), ________________ (随和的) and ________________ (勤劳的).Our hostess was ________________ (年老的),________________ (白发苍苍的) and ________________ (被太阳晒伤的). She gave me ________________ (自家做的) yaks milk cake, looking ________________ (自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very ________________ (著名) and ________________ (广泛流传) around here.I was exhausted when I fell into the ________________ (准备好了的) bed she prepared for me.三、动词词缀1.前缀-en+形容词→动词enrich v.丰富enlarge v.变大;增大;扩大2.形容词+-en→动词shorten v.缩短 widen v.加宽3.-fy结尾的动词simplify v.简化c lassify v.归类4.-ize结尾的动词realize v.认识到 popularize v.普及[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线部分的意思1.Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.()2. The two countries are trying their best to normalize_their_relationship.()3.Some think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons.()4.You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.()Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Try your best to ________________ (memory) these new words.2.The question must be ________________ (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.3.It costs a lot of money if we plan to________________ (pure) the waste water.4.He ________________ (quick) his steps to arrive home earlier.5.You can ________________(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.四、否定词缀1.表示否定意义的前缀un-不,非unable不能够unlucky 不幸的dis-不,非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous 不连贯的in-不,非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的im-不,非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir-不,非irregular 不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il-不,非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non-不,非nonexistent不存在的nonstop 直达的;连续不断的mis-错误mislead 误导misunderstand 误解dis-+动词(意义相反)dislike不喜欢disagree 不同意un-+动词(意义相反)uncover 揭开undress 脱衣服2.表示否定意义的后缀名词+-less→否定意义的形容词use n. 用处;用途useless adj.无用的hope n. 希望hopeless adj.没有希望的;绝望的home n.家homeless adj.无家可归的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列短文,写出画线单词的意思A 1.misconception was that the high temperature caused the big fire.However, Miss Wang knew it was not the true story.So she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the public.When Miss Wang knew that her appeal was 2.disallowed,_ she felt rather 3.disappointed.She decided to 4.disclose the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible disaster.She wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some officials.She believed that the truth must be 5.uncovered now.1.__________________________ 2.______ ____________________ 3.___ _______________________4.____________________________ 5._______ _____________________Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)The speech seemed to be 1. ________________ (stop) and the listeners became very 2. ________________ (patient). When the speaker said that oil was 3. ________________ (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audience thought it was 4. ________________ (practice) and 5. ________________ (bear) to listen to him any longer.They 6. ________________ (believe) that the world would go smoothly without thesemodern transportations.They also thought that the speaker was 7. ________________ (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some 8. ________________ (understand).So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.五、正确使用派生词1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。
常见英语派生词词缀

17. -ate eg. passionate, considerate, fortunate 18. –some eg. troublesome, tiresome, handsome
19. –ic / ical eg. idealistic, magical, classic, identical 20.-ing/ -ed eg. exciting, excited, heart-breaking, heart-broken
8. –age eg. linkage, carriage, marriage
People 人
1. -er/or/ar (动作的发出者,主动) eg. employer, worker, sailor, successor, beggar, liar 2. –ee (动作的承受者,被动) eg. employee, trainee, divorcee, interviewee 3. –ist (专家,擅长者;某主义者) eg. artist, bicyclist, socialist, capitalist 4. –eer (同-er) eg. volunteer, pioneer, engineer, mountaineer
eg. biology, psychology, geology, zoology 3. -graphy
eg. geography, photography, oceanography
疾病 illness
1. –itis (炎症) eg. arthritis, appendicitis, tonsillitis
Words formed with 2 or more simple words.
eg. blackboard,dinner-table, classmates
派生词缀法和转换法

浅谈英语词缀派生法对词汇记忆的帮助2010级英语专升本一班牛笑笑摘要目前,学生掌握词汇量偏低已成为英语学习能力的阻碍。
本文首先指出了英语单词的结构,说明在英语词汇学习中词缀派生法的重要性,结合一定的规律和构词技巧,介绍了词缀派生法中的几种常见的词缀记忆法,由此培养学习者灵活运用词语的能力和记忆方法。
关键字词缀派生法词汇记忆灵活运用0.前言英语的“词汇”(vocabulary或lexicon)是英语所有单词(words)的总称。
词是能独立运用的、最小的、有语义的语言单位,词素(morpheme)是词的组成成分,是语言中语音和语义的最小结合体。
词素的构成见表1.表11. 词缀派生法的定义及重要性1.1词缀派生法的定义派生词缀和词根结合,或者粘着词根和粘着词根相结合构成单词的方法,叫做派生法(derivation)。
用派生法构成的词叫派生词(derivative)。
词汇的派生法通过词的前缀、后缀和词根来改变单词的意义和类型,辨别前缀和后缀对记忆词汇和理解词义非常有帮助。
如:care加上后缀 less,就能猜出 careless;了解 ness是名词后缀,就可以猜出 carelessness意思。
1.2词缀派生法的重要性英语词汇犹如汪洋大海,词语总量现今已达一百万个以上,不能以零碎敲打的方式个别积累。
在高效拓展词汇的过程中要把握两个向度,一个向度是以派生词为核心的构词方法,主要是构词法中的派生法,介绍前缀、后缀和词根结合的方法,环绕词根,探溯英语词汇的奥秘,以科学的方法大幅度提高学习词汇的效率。
另一个向度是同义词、近义词的扩展,以滚雪球的方式,进行英意译,就是用不同的英语词语表达同一的内容。
然而,派生词的理解向度是最基本的要求。
我们要逐个地记住成千上万个单词是困难的,但是词根、前缀和后缀的数量毕竟有限,使用的场合却特别多。
2.几种常见的词缀记忆法2.1前缀法前缀法就是利用已知的前缀或起变体和其词根或一个自由词素构成新词,而利用前缀构词法来记忆单词的方法就叫做前缀记忆法。
派生词
g. -ess 表示女性人称名词,如: actress, hostess, manageress 。 h. -ist 表示“从事……研究者;信仰……主义 者”,如: pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 。 i. -logist 表示“……学家;研究者”,如: biologist, geologist (地质学家)。 j. -or 表示“……者”,如: author, doctor, operator 。 k. -yer 表示“从事……职业者”,如: lawyer 。
B. 构成具有抽象含义的名词: a. -age 表示“状态、行为、身份及其结果、 总称”,如: courage, storage, marriage 。 b. -ance, -ence 表示“性质;状况;行为; 过程;总量;程度”,如: importance, diligence, difference 。 c. -dom 表示“等级,领域,状态”,如: freedom, kingdom, wisdom. d. -hood 表示“资格;身份;年纪;状态”, 如: childhood, manhood(成人), fatherhood 。
f. -teen, -ty, -th 表示“数量关系”,如: thirteen, fifty, fourth, fiftieth 。 g. -an, -ese, -ish 表示“国籍;语种;宗教”, 如: European, Chinese, English ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ h. -er, -ish, -est, -most 表示“比较;程度”, 如: greater, reddish(淡红的), highest, foremost (首先,第一)。 i. 其他的含义 -less 表示“否定”,如: stainless, wireless 。
英语常见派生词
英语常见派生词-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1这些是比较常见的词转换。
多看,多记词性转换动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertisingagree— agreement apartment 公寓amusement 娱乐argue---argument争吵commit奉献—commitment compliment 称赞,恭维develop---development disagree—disagreement department 局,部experiment 实验,试验equip 装备---equipment 装备,器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理2.V+ tion 结尾admit 承认—admissionattract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人;令人向往的地方conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争,比赛discuss—discussion 讨论educate-----educationdecide----decision describe—description描写,描绘express 表达----expression 词语;表达方式graduate 毕业—graduationoperate 操作,动手术—operation organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导,介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate 阐明,举例说明--illustration invite—invitationinspire---inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的---pollute----pollution 污染predict---prediction 预言pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心impress 给人印象—impression 印象permit 允许-----permissionsuggest-建议,暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法3.V+ ance 结尾allow—allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌,出现perform----performance 演出exist—existance 存在4.V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathingend 结束----ending 结尾,结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语5.V+ 其他Beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐sit--seat 座位employ--employer 雇主,老板--employee雇员believe—belief 信仰behave 行为,举止----behavior know---knowledgefly—flight 飞行heat 加热---heat 热量hit 撞击------hit 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞mix 混合-----mixture 混合物press 按,压—pressure 压力receive—receptionist 接待员serve—service 服务succeed-- successtour 在-----旅游,在-----作巡回演出直接+地点 tour China ---tour 旅游/ tourist 游客pursue—pursuit 追求,从事propose—proposal 建议withdraw—withdrawal 取钱;收回;撤退survive—survival--survivor 幸存者arrive-- arrival到达analyze—analysis 分析名词变形容词1名词+yanger 生气-----angry honest—honesty 诚实的hunger---hungry fog—foggy有雾的fur----furry 毛皮的guilt 罪恶---guilty 内疚的health---healthyluck---luckycloud---cloudy wind—windy rain---rainysnow---snowysun—sunnytourist------touristy 游客多的business---busysalt 盐--- salty 咸的shine---shiny 发亮的silk 丝绸—silky 丝绸般的sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味,品味------tasty 甜的2.名词+ edbalance –balanced 平衡的spot 斑点,地点----spotted 有斑点的talent-----talented 有天赋的organized 有组织的distusted 厌恶的offended 生气的crowded 拥挤的polluted 被污染的pleased 高兴的3.名词+ ful/lessmeaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的help---helpful / helpless home—homeless 无家可归的colour---colourful pain 疼痛---painful 痛苦的use---useless/ useful thank—thankful 充满感激的peace 和平 ---- peaceful 平静的,宁静的playful 顽皮的,爱玩耍的4.名词+ ableadjustable 可调整的comfort---comfortable knowledge---knowledgeable suit 一套-----suitable 合适的5.名词+ ous courage—courageous 勇敢的danger—dangerousmystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变 tconfidence----confident difference---different dependence—dependent independence--independentAddition—additional 附加的,额外的Class—classical 经典的medicine 药----medical 医学的music---musicalnature---natural 自然的person---personal (私人的)nation—national 国家的education---educational有教育意义的tradition----traditional 传统的origin起源---original 新颖的;独创的grammar—grammatical 语法的globe—global 全球的8.名词+ lyfriend—friendlylive---lively 活跃的,有生气的love—lovely 可爱的9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的10. 其他energy精力---energetic strategy—strategic 战略的fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的,免费的height 高度—highillness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的death---deadpleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular pride---proudscientist----scientific 科学的形容词变副词1.形容词+ lybad—badlybright—brightly 明亮地casual—casually 随意地clear—clearly 清楚地complete—completely 完全correct---correctly 正确地final--finally fortunate—fortunately幸运地general—generally 一般来讲loud—loudlyparticular 特殊的,独特的—particularlypolite—politelyproper 合适的-,恰当的---properly main------mainly 主要地most 多数-----mostly 多半,大多数normal---normally 正常地quick—quicklyquiet—quietly 轻轻地,安静地real—reallyrecent 最近的----recently 最近;近来hard 难的;努力地---hardly 几乎不late 迟的—lately 最近;近来sad--sadlyslow---slowlyspecial—specially 专门,特殊地specific---specifically 特定地,明确地strong—strongly 坚决地,强烈地sudden—suddenly突然usual—usually2. 以le 结尾的去e + y comfortable---comfortablygentle—gentlypossible---possiblysimple ----simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible---terribly 3. 辅音字母+ y 变 ily easy—easily heavy—heavily happy--happilygood—well好地 well 身体健康的,井前缀①表示否定意义的前缀,往往使原词变成它的反义词。
派生词
、英语最常用前缀、后缀前缀意义单词加前缀派生词加后缀派生词ad- 向、到join加入adjoin邻接adjoining邻接的, 隔壁的re- 回turn转动return回来returnless回不来的再、又build建造rebuild重建rebuilder重建者con- 共同firm 坚固confirm确定confirmedly坚定地ob- 向press压oppress压迫oppressive压制性的, 压迫的in- 里port港口import进口;重要important重要的否定correct正确incorrect不正确rectitude正直, 公正trans- 贯通port港口transport运输transportation运输pre- 前school学校preschool学龄前preschooler学龄前儿童pro- 前long长的prolong延长prolongate延长, 伸长per- 完全form形状perform完成performance履行,表演ex- 外port港口export出口exporter出口商dis- 分开part部分dispart分离dispartment分离, 分开否定agree同意like喜欢disagree不同意dislike厌恶disagreement争执, 不和dislikeful令人嫌恶的sub- 下way路subway地铁exportable可输出的un 否定like象unlike不象... unlikeness不相等, 不象sur 上face脸面surface表面surfacewise沿着表面(地)注:-ing,-less(否定),-ed,-ive,-ant,-ful,-able是形容词后缀;-er,-itude,-ation,-ance,-ment,-ness,是名词后缀;-ly,-wise是形容词、副词后缀;-ate是动词、名词、形容词后缀。
读者掌握上述后缀基础上,完全可以“猜出”最后一列派生单词的意义,实现“不背而记”。
高中英语常用派生词
un- unwilling unfamiliar unimportant unpleasant unable untrue unfinished(未完成的)undoubted (无疑的) unbalance(失去平衡) im- impatient improper impossible ir- irregular il- illegal illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical( 不合逻辑的) non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在), non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)
-ant consultant assistant participant
-ist cyclist receptionist specialist violinist physicist 物理学家, journalist新闻记者,dentist 牙医, instrumentalist乐器演奏家/ 乐器家,
-or instructor actor translator creator calculator sponsor director sailor -ar lie-liar beg-beggar burglar grammar
-ee referee employee examinee 参加考试者、受试 人(被监考者) interviewee
bi- bicycle biliteral( 双边的)
mono-monotonous (单调的)monologue (独白) monoxide(一氧化物)
uni- uniform由常见前缀uni-(表示“单、一”)和词根 form(形式)构成。其他由前缀uni-构成的词还有如 unicorn(独角兽)、unicellular(单细胞组成的)union united unite trans- transform transport translate
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一、构成名词的后缀:
1.后缀-er / -or表示“…的人; 供做…的物”, 如: islander,
bottle-opener, thinker, writer, learner, passenger, designer, photo copier
2.后缀–ist表示“做…的人; …家; …主义者”, 如: communist共产主义者, Marxist马克思主义者, socialist社会主义者, pianist钢琴家, typist打字员, journalist记者
3.后缀–ism表示“…主义; ..学说; …行为; …状态”, 如: socialism社会主义, Marxism马克思主义, tourism旅游业
4.后缀-ness, 如: darkness, carelessness, gentleness, kindness, business, sadness
5.后缀-ing, 如: sightseeing, feeling, painting, finding, saving, earning, meaning, training, belonging, greeting
6.后缀–tion, 如: invitation, invention, pronunciation, composition, contribution, collection, situation
7.后缀–sion, 如: expression, impression, procession, permission
8.后缀–ment, 如: government, movement, development, equipment, announcement, punishment, treatment
9.后缀–ship表示“…的状态; …的技能; …术”, 如: friendship, partnership伙伴关系, seamanship航海术, hardship困苦, readership读者群, scholarship会员身份, ownership所有制
10.后缀–hood表示身份, 资格, 时间, 集体, 状态, 如: brotherhood兄弟般的关系, likelihood可能性, neighborhood邻里, childhood童年时代, boyhood 少年时代, girlhood少女时代
11.后缀–ity, 如: reality现实, ability能力, activity活动, possibility 可能性, regularity正规, nationality国籍, disability残疾, minority少数
12.后缀–ence, 如: difference区别, existence存在, silence沉默, occurrence事件, reference提及, conference会议
13.后缀-ance, 如: appearance出现, performance表演, acceptance接受, assistance帮助, distance距离
14.后缀-ure, 如: pleasure快乐, failure失败, exposure暴露, closure关闭, mixture混合, gesture姿势
15.后缀–ess表示女性或雌性, 如: hostess女主人, mistress主妇, lioness 雌狮子, waitress女服务员
16.后缀–th, 如: truth真理, strength力量, length长度, growth成长, depth深度
17.后缀–al, 如: removal除去, survival幸存, proposal建议, trial试验, approval承认
18.后缀–ant表示“做…事的人或物”, 如: accountant会计, applicant申请者, consultant请教者, servant服务员, assistant助手, expectant期待者
19.后缀–ee表示“受…者,…行为者”, 如: employee受雇者, payee收款人, referee受委托者, appointee被任命者
20.后缀–eer表示“与…有关者, 从事…者”, 如: volunteer自愿者, profiteer不当得利者, racketeer诈骗者
21.后缀-ful表示“满量”, 如: basketful一篮, handful一把, houseful
满屋子
22.后缀–ese表示“…的人, …语”, 如: Japanese, Cantonese广东人, Vietnamese越南人, Viennese维也纳人
二、构成形容词的后缀:
1.后缀–ful表示“充满…的, 有…性质的”, 如: careful, useful, helpful, hopeful, powerful, painful, merciful
2.后缀–less表示“无; 不做; 不能”, 如: careless, hopeless, fatherless 丧父的, harmless, rainless, countless无数的, speechless无言的
3.后缀–able表示“能够; 适于…; 值得…”, 如: eatable, acceptable, laughable可笑的, comfortable
4.后缀–ible表示“可(被)…的; 能…的”, 如: responsible有责任的, permissible可允许的, divisible可分的, possible可能的
5.后缀–ic表示“与…有关的; 像…的; 由…产生的”, 如: heroic英雄的, historic有历史意义的, atomic原子的, energetic精力旺盛的, electric电的
6.后缀–ive表示“拥有…的性质; 有…的倾向”, 如: inventive发明的, imaginative富有想象力的, sensitive敏感的, effective有效的, expressive 表情丰富的
7.后缀–ous表示“具有…的; 多…的; 有…特性的”, 如: various, nervous, continuous连续的, poisonous有毒的, anxious, mountainous多山的, dangerous, courageous英勇的
8.后缀–y表示“有…的; 由…构成, 似…的; 有点…的”, 如: healthy, wealthy, rainy, windy, silky, greedy, smelly有臭味的
9.后缀–ly表示“像…的; 有…性质的; 反复发生的”, 如: friendly, motherly母亲似的, manly在男子气的, monthly每月的
10.后缀–ant表示“有…性质的”, 如: important, distant, ignorant无知的
11.后缀–ent表示“…的状态”, 如: different, independent, impatient, frequent经常的, excellent极好的
12.后缀–en表示“由…制的”, 如: wooden, woolen羊毛的, golden金的
13.后缀–ern表示方向, 如: western, eastern, northern, southern
14.后缀–al表示“像…的; 与…有关的”, 如: personal, electrical电的, cultural, natural, national
15.后缀–ish表示“似…的; …的”, 如: selfish自私的, childish似孩童的, foolish
16.后缀–like表示“像…的”, 如: childlike孩子般天真的, godlike上帝
般的, lifelike栩栩如生的
17.后缀–ary表示“与…有关的; …的”, 如: revolutionary革命的, imaginary虚构的, momentary瞬间的, primary首要的, ordinary普通的
18.后缀–ed表示“有…的; 特有…的”, 如: skilled有技术的, talented有天赋的, wooded林木茂密的
19.后缀–some表示“易于…的, 有…倾向的; 产生…的”, 如: lonesome寂寞的, handsome英俊的, tiresome讨厌的, fearsome可怕的, burdensome沉重的
20.后缀–an表示“…的, 与…有关的, …风格的”, 如: Canadian加拿大的,
Australian澳大利亚的, Mexican墨西哥的, American, European欧洲的
三、构成动词的后缀:
1.后缀–ize / -ise表示“使成为, 使能够, 作…处理”, 如: realize实现, industrialize工业化, mechanize机械化, nationalize使国有化, revolutionize使革命化, modernize使现代化
2.后缀–ify表示“使成为…的; 使…化”, 如: beautify美化, terrify使惊吓, electrify电气化, magnify放大
3.后缀–en表示“使有, 使得”, 如: strengthen加强, deepen加深, darken 使变黑, shorten使变短, fasten扎牢
4.后缀–ate表示“使, 作为…”, 如: activate使活动, motivate激发, liberate解放, separate分开, hibernate冬眠
四、构成副词的后缀:
1.后缀-ly, 如: really, simply, happily, publicly, happily, lastly, lately, excitedly
2.后缀–ward表示方向, 如: upward, inward, westward, homeward, backward。