年月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
2021年12月英语四级考试仔细阅读答案及解析(1)
2021年12月英语四级考试仔细阅读答案及解析(1)
解析：
57、选择 encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
58、选择 perform relatively better
本题较难，题干问通常大家都认为在男女同校的学校中男生都怎样。
原文四段末句中received wisdom表示常识或者被多数人所接受的观点，于是后面的部分是本题的出题点。
59、选择 it fails to give boys the attention they need
原文红字处说这些体制都更关心女生，取反之后意为这些体制都没那么关心男生，于是与此选项对应。
60、选择teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
原文红字说在男校里，老师可以"根据男生的学习风格量身定制(tailor)课程"
61、选择 they conform to stereotype
文章最后两段都是在总结人们对男生的一般印象以及男校如何避免一些问题的出现，James的实验提及许多男生都正遵循着老套的路线发展，即本选项的同义改写；其余选项均是例举中的具体内容，
包含于此答案。
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析（15）
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析（15）英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(15)导读：本文英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(15)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Arctic Ocean ice may hold trillions of small pieces of plastic and other synthetic trash，and they are being released into the world’s oceans as global warming melts the polar cap，researchers say,Though the finding is surprising and worrying，the possible harm to marine life is so far unknown，the authors concluded.called micro plastics，the pollutants come mostly from debris that has broken apart，as well as from cosmetics and fibers released from washing clothes，according to the Study,which was published in the iournA. Earth’s Future and first reported by Science magazine.At current melting trends.more than l trillion pieces 5 millimeters or smaller could wind up in the oceans during the coming decade.the authors estimate.The concentration of plastic debris is 1，000 times greater than that floating in the so.called Great Pacific Garbage Patch.The researchers based their findings on core samples of ice taken during polar expeditions in 2005 and 2010.Rayon was the most colninon synthetic material discovered—54%.Though rayon is not a plastic(it’s made from wood),the authors included it“because it is a manmade semi.synthetic that makes up a significant proportion of synthetic microparticles found in the marine environment.”Rayon is used in cigarette filters，clothing and personal hygiene products.Polyester(聚酯)was the next most common pollutantfound in the ice(21%)，followed by nylon(16%)，polypropylene(聚丙烯)(3%)and polystyrene，acrylic and polyethylene (2%each).The authors cA.led the ice trap“a major historic globA. sink of man.made particulates.”and said their findings“go some way to help clarify one of the most puzzling aspects of current understanding on the quantities of plastic debris reported in the oceans.”As Science points out，288 million tons of plastics were produced in 2012.Micro plastics garbage has aso been found on the shores of southernmost Chile，so the authors said it’s time to investigate the planet’s other polar region.“WHile multiyear sea ice makes up a smaller proportion of aunual sea ice cover in the Southem Ocean.and perenniA. sea ice cover around Antarctica is following different trends,our finding indicate the importance of sampling ice from the Antarctic to see if it too contains micro plastics，”they write.56.According to the passage.what are mainly called“micro plastics”?A.The pollutants come mostly from debris.B.The pollutants come mostly from fibers.C.The pollutants come mostly from cosmetics.D.The pollutants come mostly from daily supplies.57.What does the phrase“wind uP”mean in Para.2?A.putan endtoB.screwupC.sweep acrossD.roll up58.Why does the author include“rayon”in.though it is nota plastic?A.Because it is a significant manmade semi.synthetic discovered in the ocean.B.Because it is a major natural semi.synthetic appearing in the marine.C.Because it is a minor manmade synthetic dug out in the marine.D.Because it is a significant natural synthetic explored in the marine.59.What can we infer from the ice trap“a major historic global sink of mail-made particulates”?A.The historic sink should be attributed to man-made particulates.B.People on a worldwide scA.e have reaped what they had sown.C.The ice trap is of major historic meaning on the globA. context.D.The major historic globA. sink is derived from the ice melting.60.What’s the best title of this passage?A.Rayon was the most common synthetic in the ocean.B.It’s time to research the planet’s other polar region.C.Trillions of plastic pieces found in the Arctic ice.D.Trillions of plastic pieces will wind up in the ocean.56.According to the passage，what are mainly called“micro plastics”?根据文章，哪些东西都被称为“微塑料”?A.The pollutants come mostly from debris.主要是一些碎片污染物。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷6(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere. It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to “solve”problems—real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired—not to teach but to hold meetings—has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house(信息交流中心)for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It’s an administrative sham(欺诈)of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems —class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being—might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic(官僚的)mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. The teachers must be free to teach in their own way—the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice: it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.1．What does the author say about present-day universities?A．They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.B．They often fail to combine teaching with research.C．They are over-burdened with administrative staff.D．They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。
2020年12月英语四级真题及答案：仔细阅读
2020年12月英语四级真题及答案：仔细阅读Everybody sleeps—so goes theSesame Street song meant for obstinately awakechildren. That may be true, but what people stay up late tocatch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies byculture.Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the startor end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began towake up about a half-hour later each day after President VladimirPutin shifted the country permanently to “winter time”star ting on October 26.Russia’s other latenights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays.One such spike was on New Year’s Eve, which Russians tend to ringin with unusual fervor, as well as on World War II Victory Day.According to another Jawbonefinding,Russians have the world's latest bedtime on December 31, hittingthe hay at around 3：30 a.m.Russians also got upan hour later on International Women’s Day, the day for coddlingand celebrating female relatives.Similarly, Americans’late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps coincided withthree-day weekends.Canada got the leastsleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockeyfinal.The World Cup wasalso a major sleep-deprivation culprit. The worst night for sleepin the U.K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14.Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they wokeup earlier than usualthe next morning thanks to summer nights, thephenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries inthe summertime. That was nothing, though, compared toGermans,Italians, and the French, who stayed up around anhour and a halflater on various days throughout the summer to watch theCup.It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most healthconscious among us have such deep swings in our shuteye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?参考答案及解析61题，定位到第一段最后一句“varies byculture”，所以答案选A——They areculture-related.62题，由题干的大写名词Russian定位到第二段和第三段。
2023年12月四级仔细阅读真题讲解讲义
第一节：四六级仔细阅读基础最大考点：同义替换The final potential cause is an increase in snacking and eating out over recentdecades-both in terms of how often they happen and how much they contribute to our overall energy intake.Again,there is evidence that food consumed out of the home is one of the most poorly recorded categories in surveys.What often goes unnoticed in surveys on food consumption?A)The growing trend of eating out.C)People's home energy consumption.B)The potential causes of snacking.D)People's changing diet over the years.Recent open debates on scientific research,health,and policy have aroused greater public attention and encouraged more diverse voices.If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems-and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly-then this is good for everyone, including scientists.A recent debate published in The New York Times discussed the question of how quickly medicine should be developed and produced.Issues such as safety of the product and perception of the public were examined and considered.But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.52.Why did a recent debate published in The New York Times arouse concerns among experts?A)It might hinder the progress in medical research.B)It might breed public distrust in modern medicine.C)It might add to the difficulty of getting research funds.D)It might prevent medical scientists reaching consensus.At the minimum,most of us work because we want to be able to support ourselves,our families,and the people around us.In the ideal world,we're all doing work that we're proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us.But even if your job doesn't give you shivers of joy each new day,working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society.When you separate work and life,it's a little bit harder to make that connection.But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience,it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?A)We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.B)We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.C)We do meaningful work that contributes to society.D)We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.第二节：四六级仔细阅读基础（强化基础训练）Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and itis easy to see why.South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on anenormous scale:every year almost5million hectares are lost.But forests are also changing in richWestern countries.They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more land and that thetrees in them are bigger.What is going on?51.What is catching environmentalists'attention nowadays?A)Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.B)Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.C)Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.D)Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.The second is government policy and subsidy.Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change;he desire for more trees remains constant.54.What accounts for our increasing desire for forests?A)Their unique scenic beauty.B)Their use as fruit plantations.C)Their capability of improving air quality.D)Their stable supply of building materials.The report concludes that creativity should not inhabit the schoolcurriculum only as it relates to drama,music,art and other obviously creative subjects,butthat creative thinking ought to run through all of school lifeinfusing the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.47.What is the conclusion of a recently-published report?A)Natural sciences should be learned the way humanities courses are.B)Cultivation of creativity should permeate the entire school curriculum.C)Art courses should be made compulsory for all students.D)Students should learn more obviouslyWhen children are regarded as vessels to be filled with facts,creativitydoes not prosper;nor does it when teachers'sole objective is coaching childrentowards exams.48.What does the report say is detrimental to the fostering of creativity?A)Alleviation of pressure.B)Teacher-led school activities.C)Test-oriented teaching.D)Independent learning.2023-6Passage OneSupermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit.For more than a decade,they have been under attack from e-commerce giants,blamed for making Americans fat,and accused of contributing to climate change.Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing15,000to60,000different products.The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery,where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter,first came about in America.There is some debate about which was the very first,but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket,founded in New York in1930.For some300years,Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets.Shopping for food involved mud,noisy chickens,clouds of flies,nasty smells,bargaining,and getting short-changed.The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory,with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization,and reimagined it as a place to buy food.Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now,but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that,on her first official state visit to the United States in1957,Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu（即兴的）tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past90years.Most stores open with flowers,fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite.Meanwhile,they keep the milk,eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you'll travel through as much of the store as possible,and be tempted along the way.In the early days,as the supermarket multiplied,so did our suspicion of it.We have long feared that this “revolution in distribution”uses corporate black magic on our appetite.The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in1957,warned that supermarkets were putting women in a“hypnoidal trance（催眠恍惚状态），”causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and“picking things off shelves at random."46.What problem have supermarkets been facing?A)They are actually on the way to bankruptcy.B)They have been losing customers and profits.C)They are forced to use e-commerce strategies.D)They have difficulty adapting to climate change.47.What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery?A)It was put forward by King Kullen.B)It originated in the United States.C)It has been under constant debate.D)It proves revolutionary even today.48.What did supermarkets do by adopting the Fordist factory approach?A)They modernized traditional groceries in many ways.B)They introduced cutting-edge layout of their stores.C)They improved the quality of the food they sold.D)They revolutionized the distribution of goods.49.What is the typical supermarket layout intended to do?A)Arouse customers'appetite to buy flowers,fruit and vegetables.B)Provide customers easy access to items they want to buy.C)Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.D)Enable customers to have a more enjoyable shopping experience.50.What have people long feared about supermarkets?A)They use tricky strategies to promote their business.B)They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.C)They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display.D)Th ey take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.2023-3Passage TwoOf the endless troubles that come with being driven from one's home country,losing educational certificates may seem small.But it isn't.Refugees who settle in other countries often find themselves unable to continue on their previous career path due to a new set of employer standards or skills requirements.To solve this problem,the U.S.State Department is posing a solution:online learning.The State Department will announce a partnership with an online education platform called Coursera.The platform will allow refugees worldwide to take thousands of online courses for free.“Coursera for Refugees”will be available for any non-profit group that supports refugees in any country,as well as individual refugees.They can apply for fully funded access to Coursera's course catalog,which means they can take all of the platform's classes and obtain professional certificates for free.The platform currently offers professor-led lectures on a broad range of topics,from data science to fashion design.As the world migrant crisis intensifies,employment is becoming a global concern.The new program aims to aid refugees by offering“important skills that will help them in the global economy,”Evan Ryan,U.S.assistant secretary of state for educational and cultural affairs,said on a press call last week.“What we don't want to do is not act,"added Coursera chief operations officer Lila Ibrahim.The idea isn't without problems.For one,starting a new career path isn't as simple as watching a few videos and obtaining an online certificate;even those looking to continue previous careers can't simply rely on an online lecture to get them up-to-date on standards,policies,and practices.For another,most of the classes on Coursera are in English,and though there are plans to add translations,language barriers can be a big obstacle.Then there are the questions over the value of massive open online courses(MOOCs)themselves-both for refugees and for average learners.But it's still early days and there are signs of hope.In2015,a joint study found72%of people taking the MOOCs saw career benefits afterwards.51.Why is the U.S.State Department launching an online learning program for refugees?A)To enable them to settle down in host countries.B)To allow them to learn as many job skills as possible.C)To offer them a platform to pursue advanced degrees.D)To help them to meet new employment standards.52.What do we know about“Coursera for Refugees"?A)It provides refugees with a wide range of courses free of charge.B)It offers free online data services for refugees around the world.C)It allows refugees to obtain degrees in various academic fields.D)It supplies refugees with a great variety of job opportunities.53.What does the passage say is a consequence of the global migrant crisis?A)Instability increases in host countries.B)The global economic crisis intensifies.C)A lot more refugees die during migration.D)Refugees find it more difficult to get a job.54.What does the author say causes refugees'difficulty in taking online courses?A)Cultural environment.B)Changed academic requirements.C)Lack of language skills.D)Difference in teaching platforms.55.What did the joint study find about the MOOCs several years ago?A)They helped solve learners'financial problems.B)They benefited most of the learners.C)They changed some learners'career path.D)They provided the most needed vocational skills.2022-6Passage TwoIn the coming era of budget cuts to education,distance learning could become the norm.The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning.School facilities are expensive to build and maintain,and teachers are expensive to employ.Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously,resulting in greater savings,thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning.But moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living,breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.Physically attending school has hidden benefits:getting up every morning,interacting with peers,and building relationships with teachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people.Moreover,schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning.They are now places that provide meals.They are places where students receive counseling and other support.Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to“transform”education overnight.But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer cational videos may deliver academic content,but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student's level of engagement.Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first18years of life,American children spend only9%of their time in school.Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens,cultivate their social skills,encourage successful time management,and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market.Given these expectations,schools should not become permanently“remote”.The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity of the people gathered in the same place,at the same time.Personal teaching is about teachers showing students a higher path,and about young people going through the process together.Technology,no matter how advanced,should simply be a tool of a good teacher.51.What mainly accounts for the possibility that distance learning could become the norm?A)Advances in education technology.C)Shortage of school facilities.B)Shrinking financial resources.D)Lack of qualified teachers.52.What does the author say is one possible benefit of students attending school physically?A)Developing the habit of getting up early.B)Eating nutritionally well-balanced meals.C)Growing into living and breathing human beings.D)Cultivating relationships with peers and teachers.53.What does the author think of the latest technology in education?A)It may have potential disadvantages.B)It may render many teachers jobless.C)It may add to students'financial burden.D)It may revolutionize classroom teaching.54.What does the author say teachers are expected to do?A)Enhance students'leadership capacity.B)Elevate students to managerial positions.C)Enable students to adapt to the changes in life.D)Prepare students to be competitive in the future.55.Why couldn't technology replace a good teacher?A)It lacks humanity.B)It is still immature.C)It cannot track students'growth.D)It cannot cater to personal needs.2022-6Passage OneSocial media can be a powerful communication tool for employees,helping them to collaborate,share ideas and solve problems.Research has shown that82%of employees think social media can improve work relationships and60%believe it can support decision-making processes.These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media,even during work hours.Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer;more than half of.U.S.employers reportedly block access to social media at work.In my research with277employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided.Social media doesn't reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.In the first part of the study I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter,or Linked In.Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors,including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work.I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas.But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization,they are less motivated and show less initiative.In the second part of the study I found76%of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media.When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers,I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections.These findings present a dilemma for managers:employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive,but they are also more likely to leave your company.Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities.Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover（跳槽）intentions，by recognizing employees'accomplishments and giving visibility to employees'success stories.46.What does previous research about social media reveal?A)Most employees think positively of it.B)It improves employees'work efficiency.C)It enables employees to form connections.D)Employees spend much of their work time on it.47.What did the author's own research find about social media?A)It influences employees'work negatively.B)It does much harm to employee loyalty.C)It kilIs employees'motivation for work.D)It affects employers'decision-making.48.What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions?A)It differs from employee to employee.B)It tends to vary with the platform used.C)It has much to do with whom employees interact with.D)It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders.49.What problem was found with employees using social media for work?A)They seldom expressed their inner thoughts.B)Most of them explored new job opportunities.C)They were reluctant to collaborate with others.D)Many of them ended with lower productivity.50.What does the author suggest managers do to neutralize the retention risk?A)Give promotions to employees for their accomplishments.B)Create opportunities for employees to share success stories.C)Acknowledge employees'achievements through social media.D)Encourage employees to increase their visibility on social media.2022-12Passage TwoResearch shows that in developed countries,more affluent and educated people tend to consume higher-quality diets-including more fruits and vegetables,fish and whole grains.On the contrary,economically disadvantaged people report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense.They are less likely to have food-purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations.These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lower-income people.This relationship between social class and diet quality and health is extensively documented.However,the research does not explain why this is the case-a question that has significant implications for designing effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes（食谱）.These approaches，however，often presume less food literacy(i.e.food knowledge and skills)among low-income people.Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices,limited food skills and knowledge?Research suggests that adults in food-insecure households are just as likely as those in food-secure households to adjust recipes to make them more healthy.They are also just as proficient in food preparation and cooking skills.There is no indication that increasing food skills or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity.Instead,disadvantaged groups are constrained by their economic,material and social circumstances.For example,low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada,where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.It's well-established that food prices are an important determinant of food choice.Low-income households report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.When researchers estimate the cost of diets people actually eat,higher-quality diets are typically more costly.While this may be so,it does not,in itself,prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or cost-prohibitive.After all,not all socioeconomically disadvantaged people consume poor diets.We can easily think of a number of foods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious.The internet is full of recipes for"eating well on a budget.”51.What can we learn from research on diets in developed countries?A)Dietary recommendations are not fit for underprivileged people.B)People from different social groups vary in their dietary habits.C)People's choice of food depends on their individual taste.D)There is no consensus on what high-quality diets are.52.What does the author say is important in formulating policies to improve diets and health?A)A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.B)A greater emphasis on studying the cause of obesity and chronic diseases.C)Prioritizing the provision of better nutrition for lower classes.D)Designing education programs and initiatives on public health.53.What does research reveal about adults in food-insecure households?A)Their eating habits need to be changed.B)Their food literacy has been improving.C)They do not pay much attention to their food recipes.D)They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.54.What would help improve food security among the disadvantaged groups in Canada?A)Teaching them budgeting skills.B)Increasing their food choices.C)Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.D)Taking more effective measures to increase food supplies.55.What does the author suggest disadvantaged people do to improve their health?A)Adopt a positive attitude towards dietary guidelines.B)Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.C)Make sure to purchase healthy foods on the internet.D)Change their eating habits and consumption patterns.。
2022年英语四级仔细阅读练习附答案参考
2022年英语四级仔细阅读练习附答案参考一、阅读练习Passage 1：The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. It's hard to imagine a world without Google, Facebook, and Twitter, which have transformed the way we communicate, gather information, and conduct business. However, this technological revolution has also brought about significant challenges, one of the most pressing being digital addiction.Digital addiction refers to the excessiveuse of digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, which can lead to negative consequences in various aspects of life. Research has shown that spending too much time online can lead to poor mental health, reduced productivity, and even physical issues such as eye strain and sleep disturbances.In order to combat digital addiction, individuals and society need to take collective action. Here are some strategies that can be employed:1. Set boundaries: Establish clear limits on the amount of time spent on digital devices, and stick to them.2. Prioritize face-to-face interactions: Encourage more personal communication rather than relying on digital platforms.3. Engage in alternative activities: Find other hobbies or interests to replace the time spent online.Now, let's look at the following passage and questions.Questions:1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The benefits of the Internet.B. The negative consequences of digital addiction.C. Strategies to combat digital addiction.D. The importance of face-to-face interactions.2. According to the passage, what are the possible negative consequences of digital addiction?A. Poor mental health.B. Reduced productivity.C. Eye strain and sleep disturbances.D. All of the above.Passage 2：Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time. As the planet warms, we are experiencing more frequent and severe weather events, rising sea levels, and loss of biodiversity. In order to mitigate these effects, it is crucial that we take immediate action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a more sustainable future.One of the key strategies to combat climate change is to promote renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. These sources are clean, abundant, and do not produce greenhouse gases. Additionally, they can create jobs and stimulate economic growth.Another important approach is to improve energy efficiency. This can be achieved through better building design, the use of energy-efficient appliances, and the promotion ofpublic transportation. These measures can reduce energy consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions.Now, let's look at the following passage and questions.Questions:3. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The causes of climate change.B. The effects of climate change.C. Strategies to combat climate change.D. The importance of renewable energy.4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of renewable energy sources?A. Clean and abundant.B. Produce greenhouse gases.C. Create jobs.D. Stimulate economic growth.二、答案参考Passage 1:1. C. Strategies to combat digital addiction.2. D. All of the above.Passage 2:3. C. Strategies to combat climate change.4. B. Produce greenhouse gases.以下是对每篇文章的详细解析：Passage 1解析：本文主要讨论了数字成瘾问题，以及如何应对这一挑战。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷8(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency. Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments. “It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said. “Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range. “But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. ““It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them. “There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”1．What do people generally believe about aging?A．It should cause no alarm whatsoever.B．They just cannot do anything about it.C．It should be regarded as a kind of disease.D．They can delay it with advances in science.正确答案：B解析：推理判断题。
年月四级真题及参考答案第一套
Part I Writing （30minutes）（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay 。
Suppose you are two options upon graduation：one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school。
You are to make a choice between the two。
Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,”said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer; They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “ teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, it’ s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’ s accomplishment.1．What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A．Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today.B．Better learners will become better teachers.C．Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D．Philosophical thinking improves instruction.正确答案：A解析：细节题。
(完整word版)2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题(总三套题)及答案
2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题(第一套)及答案Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it.All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap-that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don’t seek as many m anagement roles-failed to justify this one。
These young women didn’t have kids yet。
And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees，few of these women yet had the chance to go after （much less decline) leadership roles。
But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent。
The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students’ years on campus.Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not。
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2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.On the other hand, indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse."These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆),according to the researchers."By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.47.【题干】What is the common view of mental function【选项】A.It varies from person to person.C.It gradually expands with age.B.It weakens in one's later years.D.It indicates one's health condition.【答案】B【解析】Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.48.【题干】What does the new study find about mental functions【选项】A.Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.B.They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.C.They are closely related to physical' and mental exercise.D.Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.【答案】D【解析】but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.49.【题干】What does Timothy Salthouse say about people's minds in most cases【选项】A.They tend to decline in people's later years.B.Their flexibility determines one's abilities.C.They function quite well even in old age.D.Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.【答案】C【解析】Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.50.【题干】Although people's minds may function less flexibly as they age, they_____.【选项】A.may be better at solving puzzlesB.can memorize things with more easeC.may have greater facility in abstract reasoningD.can put what they have learnt into more effective use【答案】D【解析】"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said ina news release.51.【题干】According to Salthouse, their study may help us_____.【选项】A.find ways to slow down our mental decline6.find ways to boost our memoriesC.understand the complex process of mental functioningD.understand the relation between physical and mental health【答案】A【解析】Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand(简写)educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K,and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child's schooling. I lean toward the latter view.This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.52.【题干】What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education【选项】A.It should cater to the needs of individual children.B.It is essential to a person's future academic success.C.Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.D.Parents regard it as the first phase of children's development.【答案】C【解析】第一段：But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.53.【题干】What does the new Peabody study find【选项】A.Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.B.The third grade marks a new phase of learning.C.The third grade is critical to children's development.D.Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.【答案】A【解析】A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade.54.【题干】When does the author think pre-K works the bestA.When it is accessible to kids of all families.B.When it is made part of kids' education.C.When it is no longer considered a luxury.D.When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.【答案】B【解析】It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.56.【题干】What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry【选项】A.She knows the real goal of education.B.She is a mayor of insight and vision.C.She has once run a pre-K program.D.She is a firm supporter of pre-K.【答案】D【解析】She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming.56【题干】What does the author think is critical to kids' education【选项】A.Teaching method.B.Kids' interest.C.Early intervention.D.Parents' involvement.【答案】C【解析】The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.。